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Publications (61)
Socio-hydrology advanced the field of hydrology by considering humans and their activities as part of the water cycle, rather than as external drivers. Models are used to infer reproducible trends in human interactions with water resources. However, defining and handling water problems in this way may restrict the scope of such modeling approaches....
Hydrometric monitoring of small water bodies (1–10 ha) remains rare, due to their limited size and large numbers, preventing accurate assessments of their agricultural potential or their cumulative influence in watershed hydrology. Landsat imagery has shown its potential to support mapping of small water bodies, but the influence of their limited s...
1. Dynamic interactions among water, food, energy, and ecosystem are evaluated using a two-way coupled agent-based-SWAT model. 2. Generic metrics are developed to evaluate the sustainability of water availability for food, energy, and riverine ecosystems simultaneously. 3. Trade-offs among different countries and regional sample cases are fully ana...
Millions of small reservoirs built across semi-arid areas present a potential to support agricultural livelihoods of rural smallholders. The scale and geographical dispersion of these multiple lakes restrict the understanding of these coupled human-water systems and the identification of adequate strategies to support riparian farmers. This researc...
Small reservoirs represent a critical water supply to millions of farmers across semi-arid regions, but their hydrological modelling suffers from data scarcity and highly variable and localised rainfall intensities. Increased availability of satellite imagery provide substantial opportunities but the monitoring of surface water resources is constra...
Un Poster qui s'inscrit dans le cadre d'une étude menée par le Projet Wagrinnova : co-innovations à différentes échelles pour améliorer l'intensification durable des systèmes agricoles gérés par l'eau en Afrique de l'Ouest
In recent years, accessing rainfall data from ground observation networks maintained by national meteorological services in West Africa has become increasingly challenging. This is primarily due to high acquisition costs and the often sparse distribution of rainfall gauges across the region, which limits their use in hydrological studies and relate...
Study region: Senegal River Basin in West Africa Study focus: This paper aims to evaluate the sensitivity of global hydrological models to potential evapotranspiration (PET) methods in the Senegal River Basin. Potential evapotranspiration is estimated using 21 methods and its influence on the performance of three GR models (GR4J, GR5J and GR6J) is...
Reference evapotranspiration (ET 0) is an essential parameter for hydrological modeling, irrigation planning and for studying the impacts of climate change on water resources. The Penman-Monteith method is recommended for estimating ET 0 under all climatic conditions, but its application is limited in regions where data is difficult to access. The...
In 2011, the XVI World Meteorological Congress Resolution 16 gives priority to the rescue and digitization of climate archives and to promote global and regional initiatives to collaborate on DARE (data rescue) and the exchange of scientific knowledge and related technological advances. The Congress urged Members to make every effort to prevent the...
Analysis of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) trends is essential for understanding the impacts of climate change on water resources. Thus, despite the continuous rise in temperatures, a decrease in evapotranspiration is noted in some parts of the world. This contrast is called the “evaporation paradox” and is thought to be related to the variatio...
In the Senegal River delta, the expansion of irrigated land to meet the growing food demands, combined with the effects of climate change will lead to an increasing in the demand for agriculture water. Hence, it is essential to assess the agricultural water requirements of main crops in order to optimize the management of water resources and contri...
Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is an essential parameter for hydrological modeling, irrigation planning and for studying the impacts of climate change on water resources. The Penman-Monteith method is recommended for estimating ET0 under all climatic conditions, but its application is limited in regions where data is difficult to access. The al...
Analysis of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) trends is essential for understanding the impacts of climate change on water resources. Thus, despite the continuous rise in temperatures, a decrease in evapotranspiration is noted in some parts of the world. This contrast is called the "evaporation paradox" and is thought to be related to the variatio...
Poster sur le projet WAGRINNOVA : une démarche de co-construction pour une
intensification durable des systèmes de production dans les Niayes du Sénégal
The FRIEND-Water program (FWP) is the oldest and the most
transverse program (i.e. Flagship Initiative) within the Hydrological
Intergovernmental Program (IHP) from UNESCO. FRIEND means “Flow Regimes
from International and Experimental Network Data”. The FWP is dedicated to
allow large communities of hydrologists and associated disciplines to
colla...
The increased open-access availability of radar and optical satellite imagery has engendered numerous land use and land cover (LULC) analyses combining these data sources. In parallel, cloud computing platforms have enabled a wider community to perform LULC classifications over long periods and large areas. However, an assessment of how the perform...
Study region
Senegal River Basin in West Africa.
Study focus
This work aimed to assess reference evapotranspiration (ET0) trends and its sensitivity to climate variables on the period 2036–2065 in the Senegal River basin. Seven General Circulation Models (GCMs) and seven Regional Climate Models (RCMs) of the CMIP5 project were used under the scena...
Flood recession farming practiced in flood-prone areas and on the banks of rivers and lakes in arid or semi-arid environments essentially depends on the soil water stock after the flood has receded. During these last few decades, this coveted agriculture is increasingly challenged by severe water constraints, due to increased hydrological hazards a...
Fulfilling both “Water and soil conservation” and “Integrated rural development” objectives, hillside reservoirs are very popular components of water and/or rural management strategies. In Central Tunisia, more than 800 reservoirs have been built since the 1950s. These have been the subject of an abundant literature by both social and physical scie...
A large share of surface water resources in Sahelian countries originates from Guinea's Fouta Djallon highlands, earning the area the name of "the water tower of West Africa". This paper aims to investigate the recent dynamics of the Fouta Djallon's hydrological functioning. The evolution of the runoff and depletion coefficients are analyzed as wel...
Accurate monitoring of surface water bodies is essential in numerous hydrological and agricultural applications. Combining imagery from multiple sensors can improve long-term monitoring; however, the benefits derived from each sensor and the methods to automate long-term water mapping must be better understood across varying periods and in heteroge...
In semi-arid regions, the annual floods of alluvial
plains, wetlands and lakes provide essential services to millions of
farmers, livestock holders and fishers. The scale, number and dispersion of
these water bodies limit however their hydrological understanding, whose
complexity is exacerbated by the mutual interactions between water and
society....
Understanding evapotranspiration and its long-term trends is essential for water cycle
studies, modeling and for water uses. Spatial and temporal analysis of evapotranspiration is therefore important for the management of water resources, particularly in the context of climate change. The objective of this study is to analyze the trend of reference...
Après l’édification des barrages sur le fleuve Sénégal, l’agriculture irriguée devait progressivement remplacer l’agriculture de décrue dans la moyenne vallée. Néanmoins, lorsque la crue est d’ampleur suffisante, on observe encore des cultures de décrue dans le lit majeur. Cette étude, réalisée entre juin 2016 et décembre 2019 dans la cuvette de Po...
Hydrometric monitoring of small water bodies (1–10 ha) remains rare, due to their limited size and large numbers, preventing accurate assessments of their agricultural potential or their cumulative influence in watershed hydrology. Landsat imagery has shown its potential to support mapping of small water bodies but the influence of their limited su...
MISSION CONSULTATIVE RAMSAR - RAPPORT N°87 : RESERVE SPECIALE DE FAUNE DU NDIAËL, SENEGAL, 4 - 8 décembre 2017 ; avec UICN Dakar Dakar et le MEDD Hann Dakar.
La Mission consultative Ramsar, dénommée la Mission dans ce rapport, avait sept points à examiner au cours d’une visite de terrain et d’entretiens multilatéraux avec différentes parties prena...
On détermine des lower ou upper rule curve optimales pour des réservoirs en ligne ou en dérivation implantés en parallèle, visant un objectif commun de soutien ou laminage de débit à une station à l'aval. La méthode est utilisable pour tout objectif de débit minimal ou maximal à respecter à cette station et fournit des résultats concernant toutes l...
In central Tunisia, near the city of Kairouan, the Merguellil catchment illustrates the multiple forms of the global change affecting Mediterranean water resources. In this semi-arid region, climatic fluctuations have always constrained the water resources, but anthropization has become by far the most influential driver of change in the last centu...
Small reservoirs have developed across semi-arid areas as a low cost solution for millions of rural small holders to harvest scarce water resources. Studies have highlighted limited agricultural water use and low water availability on individual reservoirs, but no information exists on the drought patterns of multiple small reservoirs. Their small...
In the socio-economic and climatic complexity of a Mediterranean environment, desertification involves many processes and is much more spatio-temporally sophisticated than is often suggested by both the policy and academic communities. Here we examine the spatial variability of the Mediterranean environment and its agriculture—a supposed key driver...
L'influence cumulee des amenagements de versants sur les ecoulements en zones semi-arides demeure peu etudiee et comprise a l'echelle de grands bassins versants. En Tunisie centrale, nous etudions les variations de la reponse hydrologique du bassin du Merguellil a l'echelle annuelle et pour 114 evenements entre 1989 et 2010. Sur cette periode, les...
L'influence cumulée des aménagements de versants sur les écoulements en zones semi-arides demeure peu étudiée et comprise a l'échelle de grands bassins versants. En Tunisie centrale, nous étudions les variations de la réponse hydrologique du bassin du Merguellil a l'échelle annuelle et pour 114 évènements entre 1989 et 2010. Sur cette période, les...
In the socio-economic and climatic complexity of a Mediterranean environment, desertification involves many processes and is much more spatio-temporally sophisticated than is often suggested by both the policy and academic communities. Here we examine the spatial variability of the Mediterranean environment and its agriculture-a supposed key driver...
Les retenues collinaires connaissent un essor dans les zones semi-arides pour leur capacité à réduire le transport des sédiments, et à capter les ressources pluviométriques aléatoires pour la petite agriculture. L’ampleur et l’éparpillementde ces multiples hydro-sociosystèmes limitent leur étude, entrainant de fortes incertitudes sur leur potentiel...
Wetlands provide a vital resource to ecosystem services and associated rural livelihoods but their extent, geomorphological heterogeneity and flat topography make the representation of their hydrological functioning complex. A semi automated method exploiting 526 MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) 8-day 500 m resolution images wa...
L’influence cumulée des aménagements de versants sur les écoulements en zones semi-arides demeure peu étudiée et comprise à l’échelle de grands bassins versants. En Tunisie centrale, nous étudions les variations de la réponse hydrologique du bassin du Merguellil à l’échelle annuelle et pour 114 événements entre 1989 et 2010. Sur cette période, les...
L'influence cumulée des aménagements de conservation des eaux et des sols (CES) à l'échelle de grands bassins versants demeure peu étudiée et comprise, malgré leur développement important dans de nombreuses zones semi-arides. Une des complexités de l'analyse réside dans la difficulté à différencier l'effet des nombreux processus anthropiques et cli...
Despite small reservoirs becoming increasingly widespread across many semi-arid regions, their cumulative influence in large catchments remains poorly understood. Part of the difficulty lies in distinguishing their effect over concurrent human and climatic processes which also affect runoff. In the Merguellil catchment, in semi-arid central Tunisia...
In 2009, 700 million people in 43 countries were estimated to live below the water-stress threshold of 1,700 cubic metres per person. By 2025 that number is estimated to reach 3 billion (UNDP 2006). Global water diversions for agriculture represent approximately 70 per cent of total water consumption and are expected to grow by up to 17 per cent by...
The Niger Inner Delta is a vast three million hectare wetland in Mali,
whose annual flood supports the livelihoods of over one million herders,
fishermen and farmers. Large projects on the Niger River upstream may
however alter the extent and dynamics of the flood in the future. Due to
the scale (about 50 000 km2) and the very flat topography of
th...
Depuis 1970, sur le Bani, principal affluent du Niger supérieur, l’écoulement annuel a baissé de 69% alors que le déficit pluviométrique est compris entre 15% et 25% sur le bassin. Parmi les causes possibles les changements des caractéristiques pluviométriques sont à explorer. Quatre méthodes d’interpolation spatiale des champs de pluies ont été co...
In this article the authors assess the potential impacts of projected climate change on water, livelihoods and food security in the Basin Focal Projet basins. The authors consider expected change within the context of recently observed climate variability in the basins to better understand the potential impact of expected change and the options ava...
The Niger River basin covers 1.2 million km2 and extends over nine countries in West Africa. Its average discharge to the sea is about 6000 m3 s-1. The main upstream flood is produced during the 6-7 months of the tropical rainy season. The hydrological regime has been modified due to climatic and anthropogenic changes. There are only a few major da...
Livelihoods in the Niger River basin rely mainly on rainfed agriculture, except in the dry extreme north. Low yields and water productivity result from low inputs, short growing seasons, dry spells, and excessive water. The overlap of traditional and modern rules impedes secure access to water and investments in agriculture by generating uncertain...
Sedentary farmers in the Volta Basin are endangering the activity of transhumant herders relying on grazing ranges between 9° and 11°N. Despite mutual benefits, farmers try to deny them access to water and thereby the possibility to graze their stock on crop residues. This new behaviour is changing the geographical distribution of traditional activ...
