Andrew Hunt

• PhD.
• Khon Kaen University

Organic cyclic carbonates (ethylene and propylene carbonate) are shown to be viable greener solvents for use in Heck reactions, offering a highly effective alternative to traditionally used dipolar aprotic solvents such as NMP, DMF, and DMAc.

Dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene) is a bio-based molecule, derived in two simple steps from cellulose, which demonstrates significant promise as a dipolar aprotic solvent. The dipolarity of dihydrolevoglucosenone is similar to NMP, DMF and sulpholane. Dihydrolevoglucosenone demonstrates similar performance to NMP in a fluorination reaction and the Me...

The unique chemical and physical properties of metals mean that they are extensively utilized by industry in a huge variety of applications, including electronics, materials, industrial catalysts and chemicals. The increased consumer demand from a growing population worldwide with rising aspirations for a better life has resulted in concerns over t...

Increased consumption of electronic equipment has brought with it a greater demand for rare earth elements and metals. Adding to this is the growth in low carbon technologies such as hybrid fuel vehicles. It is predicted that the global supply of rare earth elements could soon be exhausted. A sustainable approach to the use and recovery of rare ear...

Some modern so-called low carbon technologies are actually broadening concerns over future elemental sustainability for a wide range of elements. In order to address the rapid dispersion of metals, such as indium and silver, we need to be more innovative in recovery technologies that essentially turn a waste into a resource. A multi-disciplinary bl...

Sustainable, sulfonated mesoporous SBA-16 catalysts were synthesized from sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), an abundant agro-industrial waste from bio-energy production. SBA-16 modification with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) and subsequent oxidation to incorporate sulfonic acid groups, significantly enhanced the textural properties, achievin...

Ursolic acid is a triterpene plant extract that exhibits significant potential as an anti-cancer, anti-tumour, and anti-inflammatory agent. Its direct use in the pharmaceutical industry is hampered by poor uptake of ursolic acid in the human body coupled with rapid metabolism causing a decrease in bioactivity. Modification of ursolic acid can overc...

Gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) are used as catalysts for a diverse range of industrial applications. Currently, Au-NPs are synthesized chemically, but studies have shown that plants fed Au deposit, this element naturally as NPs within their tissues. The resulting plant material can be used to make biomass-derived catalysts. In vitro studies have shown...

A combination of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction and microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) have been investigated for the valorisation of waste rice straw. ScCO2 extraction of rice straw led to a 0.7% dry weight yield of lipophilic molecules, at elevated temperatures of 65 °C and pressures of 400 bar. Lipid compositions (fatty acids, f...

A novel and efficient method for the modification of amino acids using dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and acid system has been developed. N-Methylation, N,O-dimethylation, and N-formylation of various amino acids have...

An optimized and efficient zinc chloride (ZnCl2) chemical activation of rice straw yielded highly mesoporous carbons with exceptional ability to adsorb the antibiotic, amoxicillin (AMX). The maximum AMX adsorption capacity...

This study investigates the development of carbon-silica composite (CSC) adsorbents with tuneable surface properties for gold adsorption from silica and molasses. Nitrogen modification of the CSC adsorbents was achieved Gold through a facile urea impregnation onto the CSC, followed by pyrolysis at 400 °C (400C-5A). Exceptional Au(III) D Molasses ad...

Biochar and magnetic biochar prepared from chrysanthemum waste of the beverage industry are effective adsorbents for the removal of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ibuprofen (IBP), from aqueous systems. The development of magnetic biochar using iron chloride, overcame poor separation characteristics from the liquid phase of the powdered b...

Cross-coupling and cascade reactions typically rely on unsustainable and toxic volatile organic solvents. 2,2,5,5-Tetramethyloxolane (TMO) and 2,5-diethyl-2,5-dimethyloxolane (DEDMO) are both inherently non-peroxide forming ethers, and have been used in this work as effective, more sustainable, and potentially bio-based alternative solvents for Suz...

Nonpolar, nonperoxide forming, sustainable and potentially bio-based solvents, namely 2,2,5,5-tetramethyloxolane (TMO) and 2,5-diethyl-2,5-dimethyloxolane (DEDMO), were utilized as an alternative to toxic petroleum-based hydrocarbon solvents for extraction of hentriacontane-14,16-dione from waste wheat straw waxes. This work is the first to report...

Highly effective acid-catalysed reactions of amines with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) have been conducted with significant yields and selectivity of carboxymethylation or methylation products. Lewis acids (FeCl3, ZnCl2, and AlCl3·6H2O), Brønsted acids (PTSA, acetic, and formic acids), and acids supported on silica (silica sulfuric and silica perchlorat...

Carbon-silica composites with mesoporous structures were synthesized from low-cost materials by conventional heating. The carbon source used was vinasse, a by-product of ethanol production from molasses, while Na2SiO3 and K2SiO3 were utilized as low cost and abundantly available silica sources as alternatives to tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). The...

A biobased thermosetting polyamide has been synthesized through the crosslinking of epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) with hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) for application in sustainable energy harvesting devices, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). A simple synthetic method requiring neither a solvent nor catalysts was employed. Amide formation was confir...

Demand for cannabinoid is growing, with the global market expected to reach $9.69 billion by 2025. Understanding how chemical composition changes in hemp at different harvest times is crucial to maximizing this industrial crop value. Important compositional changes in three different compound classes (essential oils, cannabinoids, and lipids) from...

Triclocarban (TCC) is a widely used antimicrobial agent and has been identified as a subsurface contaminant. This study demonstrates enhanced TCC remediation using biochar-immobilized cells. The influence of operating and environmental parameters (including initial TCC concentration, pH, cell loading, and co-carbon source concentration) on TCC remo...

In the past, high‐performance materials were produced from nonrenewable resources, which led to the exhaustion of Earth's resources and associated environmental problems. The use of bio‐based resources to replace nonrenewable ones is a necessary change toward sustainable development. Apart from being renewable, biomass feedstocks are particularly i...

The production and characterisation of pellets made from green tea waste from the ready-to-drink industry is investigated in this study. Physical and energetic characterisation of pellets including the length, diameter, proximate analysis (moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon content), pellet density, bulk density, calorific value, durab...

Methylation of acetoin with dimethyl carbonate was performed in a sustainable one-step process, with improved process mass intensity (PMI) and atom economy compared to previously published methods. The resulting product, 3-methoxybutan-2-one (MO) was successfully evaluated as a bio-based solvent, while both Kamlet–Taft solvatochromic parameters and...

Biochar is a low-cost adsorbent with considerable potential for utilization as a water filtration medium; however, organic matter leaching from biochar can lead to the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). This study investigated the leaching of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from eucalyptus-derived biochar and the formation of DBPs generat...

A solid waste is generated in the production of biodiesel from the leaves of the Dipterocarpus alatus tree. This waste was hydrolyzed by oleaginous yeast and was employed as the precursor for preparing activated carbon by chemical activation. This work investigated the effect of types of chemical agent i.e. acid (H3PO4 and HNO3), base (KOH and NaOH...

Solid fly ash waste from the sugar industry was treated by HCl and then carbonized under N2 at 900 °C for 1 h. The resulting carbon was used as an adsorbent for the removal of colored dyes from wastewater generated in the silk dyeing process. The untreated fly ash and commercial activated carbon were also used as adsorbents for comparison. Porous p...

This research aims at producing a new carbon silica composite adsorbent by using molasses, a by-product of the sugar industry as the carbon source. Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and potassium silicate (K2SiO3) were used as low-cost sources of silica, in place of the commonly used and more expensive tetraethyl ortho-silicate (C8H20O4Si, TEOS). The effec...

Triclocarban (TCC), an emerging endocrine disruptor, has been commonly found in municipal treated wastewater. Pseudomonas fluorescens MC46 (MC46), an effective TCC-degrading bacterium, could be applied to remove TCC from wastewater. In addition, application of a cell immobilization technique could possibly enhance its removal performance. This stud...

The preparation of fuel pellets from the filter cake waste from the sugar industry was studied. Pelletization by a hydraulic press at a pressure of 20 to 50 bar (2 to 5 MPa) was used to produce fuel pellets with a diameter of 1 cm and height of 1. 25 cm. Energy efficiency of the resulting pellets was improved by thermal treatment called “torrefacti...

Highly mesoporous carbon-zinc oxide nanocomposites were synthesized from rice straw through a simple pyrolysis method. These carbon-zinc oxide nanocomposites were ideal for adsorption and degradation of toxic dyes from wastewater. Synthetic methodology utilized a 1-step zinc chloride activation process that eliminated the need for acid washing, yie...

Waste Cassia bakeriana seed pods were used for porous carbon production in a facile pyrolysis process. The carbons were highly efficient adsorbents for methylene blue, congo red and ciprofloxacin antibiotic from aqueous media. The experimental results demonstrated that despite moderate surface area of 283.4 m²/g, KOH activated carbon (PSAC-KOH) exh...

This mini-review assesses supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) extraction and high-pressure carbon dioxide pre-treatment technologies for valorisation of corn stover agricultural residues with particular focus on showing how these can aid in the creation of a holistic biorefineries. Corn stover is currently the largest source of agriculture resid...

This research demonstrates that supercritical extraction of the biomass has a remarkable and complex influence on Scots pine tree fractions changing the surface concentration of water, lipids, and metals simultaneously. Surprisingly, this surface composition modification makes a considerable impact on the pyrolysis of the bulk biomass mechanism, le...

Multicomponent one-pot Biginelli reactions have been successfully performed using vegetable oil as bio-based, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly solvents. Palm oil was demonstrated to be a highly effective greener solvent as...

Dipterocarpus alatus tree grows prolifically throughout Thailand and can be tapped to yield significant quantities of oil to be used as natural diesel. However, such practices lead to waste dried fruit dropping from the tree. At present, there is no utilization of this dropped fruit, therefore costeffective processes need to be applied to obtain hi...

This work demonstrated that supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is effective as a pre-treatment technology to generate soot particles with the fullerene-like structure and increase syngas yield from extracted residues during coupled microwave activation with gasification. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction removes over half of the fatty an...

Highly porous carbon-silica composites (CSC) were prepared for the first time through a simple wet impregnation process and subsequent pyrolysis of low-value sugarcane by-products, namely molasses. These CSC materials demonstrate a distinct range of functionalities, which significantly differ from similar materials published in the literature. Impo...

There is a lot of interest in the development of new, safer and more sustainable polar aprotic solvents due to their importance in industrial applications and significant safety issues with the most commonly used examples. One such area of application is in pharmaceutically relevant C-C coupling reactions, where polar aprotic solvents are commonly...

Microwave pyrolysis bio-oil from waste paper and K60 silica gel has successfully been utilised to synthesise mesoporous carbon–silica composites with uniquely tuneable surface properties, where functionality and structural characteristics can be altered and even enhanced by curing at different temperatures. This temperature-dependence resulted in c...

Activated carbons were prepared from three parts of Dipterocarpus alatus fruit (wing, endocarp and pericarp), an abundant and renewable waste in Southeast Asia, by chemical activation using ZnCl2, FeCl3, H3PO4 and KOH and physical activation using CO2 and steam. This study indicated that activated carbon prepared from Dipterocarpus alatus fruit cou...

Three dipolar aprotic solvents were designed to possess high dipolarity and low toxicity: N,N,N′,N′‐tetrabutylsuccindiamide (TBSA), N,N′‐diethyl‐N,N′‐dibutylsuccindiamide (EBSA), and N,N′‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐dibutylsuccindiamide (MBSA). They were synthesized catalytically by using a K60 silica catalyst in a solventless system. Their water immiscibility s...

Consumption of water containing high proportions of manganese could cause Parkinson's like symptoms and damage the central nervous systems. This study aims to investigate the potential of manganese removal through the development of microbial cell-immobilized biochar. The wood vinegar industry generates a large volume of carbonized wood waste (natu...

Four low-value Norway spruce tree fractions - cones, branches, needles and bark, were separated from the main tree constituents for investigation of their lipophilic extractives; in order to identify potential sources of important chemicals for future biorefinery applications. For the first time, conventional soxhlet and supercritical carbon dioxid...

Bio-based solvents were investigated for the biocatalysed amidation reactions of various ester-amine combinations by Pseudomonas stutzeri lipase (PSL). Reactions were undertaken in a range of green and potentially bio-based solvents including terpinolene, p-cymene, limonene, 2-methyl THF, ɣ-valerolactone, propylene carbonate, dimethyl isosorbide, g...

This work demonstrates that the integration of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction with slow pyrolysis is an effective method for the production of value-added chemicals and charcoal that is an attractive alternative to coke for industry. Integration of technologies is key for the development of holistic biorefineries that exploit all parts of...

2,2,5,5-tetramethyloxolane [previously published as 2,2,5,5-tetramethyltetrahydrofuran (TMTHF)] has recently been demonstrated as a greener and cleaner alternative to toluene in several applications. Assessing similarities in properties of toluene and 2,2,5,5-tetramethyloxolane is crucial for establishing this molecules potential to replace traditi...

The addition of water to dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene) creates a solvent mixture with highly unusual properties and the ability to specifically and efficiently solubilize a wide range of organic compounds, notably, aspirin, ibuprofen, salicylic acid, ferulic acid, caffeine, and mandelic acid. The observed solubility enhancement (up to 100-fold) c...

The addition of water to dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene) creates a solvent mixture with highly unusual properties and the ability to specifically and efficiently solubilise a wide range of organic compounds notably aspirin, ibuprofen, salicylic acid, ferulic acid, caffeine and mandelic acid. The observed solubility enhancement (up to 100-fold) can...

A novel biochar-based heterogeneous catalyst has been devised to facilitate isomerisation of glucose to fructose for achieving sustainable biorefineries. A series of aluminium-biochar composites (Al biochars) with wide-ranging properties were synthesised from waste wood biomass. These properties including surface area, porosity, crystalline/amorpho...

Catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics using low cost binder-free pelletized bentonite clay has been investigated to yield pyrolysis oils as drop-in replacements for commercial liquid fuels such as diesel and gasohol 91.

Bio-derived lipophilic polydentate chelators have been synthesized and tested for their chelating ability using a range of metal salts of Cu, Co, Ni, Fe, and Cr. These novel molecules were produced by the Michael addition reaction of 14,16-hentriacontanedione, isolated from wheat straw wax, with methyl acrylate or bio-derived dimethyl itaconate via...

Since its conception, the periodic table and the elements contained within it have shaped our modern lives. The use of many elements is now ubiquitous and essential for the modern technologies we have now become accustomed to. However, our use of some elements may be considered as unsustainable and their current use may create both economic and env...

Immense global generation of food waste calls for advanced technologies to maximise the use of such renewable carbon-based resources. In this study, corn, taro, lettuce, and bean sprout, were valorised for the production of value-added chemicals via sequential supercritical CO2 (scCO2) extraction and thermochemical conversion. The scCO2 extraction...

The effects of naturally occurring nickel in hyperaccumulator plants used for phytoremediation of contaminated soils on the microwave (MW) biomass pyrolysis is described for the first time. The presence of...

Bio-based carboxyl-terminated hyperbranched crosslinkers have been synthesised by the facile esterification reaction of glycerol with succinic anhydride (Gly-SA). The Gly-SA crosslinking molecules have a large number of terminal carboxyl groups, which can crosslink through the epoxide of epoxidised soybean oil (ESO), making a highly flexible transp...

Exploring the range and utility of high-pressure solvent systems across a variety of different chemical applications, this book brings together recent advances in supercritical technology and other pressurised-solvent systems. It provides an in-depth overview of the latest advances and developments and discusses the limitations and drawbacks that n...

Lignin is a highly aromatic low value biomass residue, which can be utilized for chemicals, fuels and materials production. In recent years significant attention has focused on adsorbent materials from lignin. However, only 5% of available lignin is exploited worldwide, thus significant opportunities still exist for materials development. This revi...

A “top down” approach to the development of sustainable, greener, low-polarity solvents is presented. Methyl butyrate, ethyl isobutyrate, methyl pivalate and pinacolone were identified as potential target solvents from trends in Hansen solubility parameters and known physical properties. Solubility, flammability and physical properties were determi...

Lignin is an abundant biomass resource in aromatic structure with a low price in market, which can serve as renewable precursors of value-added products. However, valorization rate of annually produced lignin is less than 2%, suggesting the need for technological advancement to capitalize lignin as a versatile feedstock. In recent years, efficient...

Two green solvents, namely propylene carbonate (PC) and γ-valerolactone (GVL), were examined as co-solvents in the conversion of bread waste to hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) over SnCl4 as the catalyst under microwave heating at 120 oC, and their performances were compared with water and acetone as a common solvent. The results showed that a HMF yield...

Dihydrolevoglucosenone (Cyrene®) has been successfully utilised as a bio-based platform molecule for the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant intermediates through aldol condensation reactions. Utilising sustainable synthetic methodologies, the self-aldol condensations reaction of Cyrene was achieved in high purity, with isolated yields of 81.3%....

Wax extraction has been achieved from an abundant and sustainable waste residue, date palm leaves (or leaflets). Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction was utilised as a clean and efficient extraction technology in this process. Extraction conditions including pressure and temperature have been optimised using response surface methodology (via a 2...

The invention relates to a process for the preparation of 2,2,5,5- tetramethyltetrahydrofuran (TMTHF) comprising contacting a TMTHF precursor with a solid catalyst, wherein the TMTHF precursor is 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5-diol and/or 2,5-dimethyl-4- hexen-2-ol, and wherein the solid catalyst is a beta zeolite. It also relates to the use of a beta zeol...

The invention relates to a process for the polymerization of vinyl monomers, to a process for preparing an adhesive composition, to the adhesive composition so produced and to a pressure sensitive adhesive sheet prepared from the adhesive composition, wherein use is made of tetramethyltetrahydrofuran (TMTHF), preferably biomass-based TMTHF, as solv...

Up to 33% of hemp by mass can be lost in the form of dust during processing for fibre production. Heptane Soxhlet extractions and supercritical carbon dioxide extractions (scCO2) of hemp dust samples yielded significant quantities of high value lipophilic molecules including fatty acids, policosanols (fatty alcohols), fatty aldehydes, hydrocarbons,...

In this study, we present a new class of monolithic mesoporous carbonaceous materials produced via the carbonisation of a mesoporous starch aerogel highly doped with graphite. Consecutive ball milling, microwave assisted gelation and carbonization treatment produced a high concentration of dispersed graphite. These treatments induce a strong intera...

The esterification of 2-phenylpropionic acid was investigated as a model system for enzyme catalysed (CALB, Novozyme 435) reactions in bio-based solvents. A multi-parameter correlation taking into account solvent parameters was...

The decline in petrochemical wax supply coupled with the ever-growing demand for bio-products means that the development of a sustainable process to renewably sourced waxes is paramount. This review focuses on recent advances in supercritical extraction as a clean efficient process for extracting waxes from waste biomass as a part of a holistic bio...

The binding capability of pyrrolidinyl peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) to DNA have been studied experimentally, also the high affinity and sequence specificity were reported. However, to date a detailed understanding of these properties is unclear due to a lack of crystallographic data. In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of pyrrolidinyl...

Supercritical carbon dioxide was utilized as a sustainable alternative to solvent extraction of waxes from the waste needles of two spruce species, namely Norwegian and Sitka spruce. These extracts were rich in nonacosan-10-ol, an organic compound with hydrophobic properties that lends its use in the preparation of superhydrophobic coatings. The hi...

Highly porous carbons have been produced through an activated pyrolysis process from waste rice straw. The methodology avoids the use of extensive pre-treatments and utilises lower temperatures than those previously reported (700 °C), to generate materials suitable for water purification. Activation of rice straw was achieved with carbon dioxide, p...

Valorisation of bread waste for hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) synthesis was examined in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-, tetrahydrofuran (THF)-, acetonitrile (ACN)-, and acetone-water (1:1v/v), under heating at 140°C with SnCl4 as the catalyst. The overall rate of the process was the fastest in ACN/H2O and acetone/H2O, followed by DMSO/H2O and THF/H2O due...

This study aims to produce levulinic acid (LA) from paper towel waste in environment-friendly and economically feasible conditions, and evaluate the difference using solid and aqueous Brønsted acids. Direct dehydration of glucose to LA required sufficiently strong Brønsted acidity, where Amberlyst 36 demonstrated rapid production of approximately 3...

The Lewis acid catalysed mechanism of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) mediated carboxymethylation of alcohol was investigated experimentally and through computational chemistry methods including density functional theory (DFT). Experimental data showed that catalytic loading of AlCl3 enabled the quantitative carboxymethylation of octanol in less than 20 h...

An inherently non-peroxide forming ether solvent, 2,2,5,5-tetramethyltetrahydrofuran (2,2,5,5-tetramethyloxolane), has been synthesized from readily available and potentially renewable feedstocks, and its solvation properties have been tested. Unlike traditional ethers, its absence of a proton at the alpha-position to the oxygen of the ether elimin...

Solvents are ubiquitous throughout the chemical industry and are found in many consumer products. As a result, interest in solvents and their environmental impact has been steadily increasing. However, in order to achieve maximum integration of new green solvents into the relevant chemical sectors, clarification of the social, economic, and environ...

Development of biomass-derived materials using sustainable practices has been one of the major scientific aims over the last few decades. A new class of bio-derived nanocomposite derived from epoxidised linseed oil, a bio-derived crosslinker and a starch based carbonaceous mesoporous material (Starbon®) has been developed. The use of Starbons® tech...

Many traditional solvents have drawbacks including sustainability and toxicity issues. Legislations such as REACH is driving the move towards less hazardous chemicals and production processes. Therefore, safer bio-based solvents need to be developed. Herein, a 10 step method has been proposed for the development of new bio-based solvents that utili...

The recovery and separation of high value and low volume extractives is a considerable challenge for the commercial realisation of zero-waste biorefineries. Using solid-phase extractions (SPE) based on sustainable sorbents is a promising method to enable efficient, green and selective separation of these complex extractive mixtures. Mesoporous carb...

Although a promising technique, phytoextraction has yet to see significant commercialization. Major limitations include metal uptake rates and subsequent processing costs. However, it has been shown that liquid-culture-grown Arabidopsis can take up and store palladium as nanoparticles. The processed plant biomass has catalytic activity comparable t...

With the increasing restriction and control of hazardous solvents, safer alternatives need to be identified. Here a contemporary approach to solvent selection and substitution is presented that offers a more scientific alternative to the simple "like-for-like" exchange. A new family of levoglucosenonederived compounds is proposed, modeled to determ...

Cyrene, a green bioderived solvent from waste cellulose, was applied into the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The MOF, HKUST-1, exhibited an even better Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area than HKUST-1 synthe-sized with DMF. Four additional archetypal MOFs were also synthesized to verify the universal application of Cyrene in MOF manu...

The enormous quantity of food wastes discarded annually forces a look into alternatives for this interesting feedstock. Thus, food bio-waste valorisation is one of the current imperatives of society. This review is the most comprehensive overview of currently existing technologies and processes in this field. It tackles classical and innovative phy...

A bio-derived lipophilic β-diketone (14,16-hentriacontanedione) was isolated from wheat straw wax and tested in the liquid biphasic removal of Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Cr³⁺ in comparison to dibenzoylmethane and acetylacetone. The bio-derived β-diketone exhibited excellent capacity for metal ions extraction from aqueous solutions.

Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) chemistry has been extended to include acid-catalysed reactions of different aliphatic alcohols and phenols. For the first time, p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA), H2SO4, AlCl3 and FeCl3 have been shown to aid carboxymethylation for primary aliphatic alcohols at catalytic loadings with quantitative conversion and selectivity. F...

The use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) to extract valuable lipophilic compounds from miscanthus was investigated and subsequent enzymatic saccharification was carried out to determine the impact of scCO2 extraction on downstream processing of miscanthus. Two miscanthus genotypes (Miscanthus x. giganteus and Miscanthus sinensis) were invest...

One common factor across many economies around the world is their high dependency on petroleum. The chemical sector is no exception and considering the paramount role that solvents play within this industry they make an ideal focus for investigating green transition potential. This work attempts to shed some light on the scarce literature regarding...