Andrew N. Garrard

• PhD
• Associate Professor at University College London

The interpretation of archaeological features often requires a combined methodological approach in order to make the most of the material record, particularly from sites where this may be limited. In practice, this requires the consultation of different sources of information in order to cross validate findings and combat issues of ambiguity and eq...

The circumstances in which domestic animals were first introduced to the arid regions of the southern Levant and the origins of nomadic pastoralism have been the subject of considerable debate. Nomadic pastoralism was a novel herd management practice with implications for the economic, social and cultural development of Neolithic communities inhabi...

In the north-east Jordan steppe, gazelle were of considerable economic importance to human groups during the Epipalaeolithic and Neolithic. An influential model argues that gazelle herds migrated through the region and were only seasonally available to hunters. This study tests that model, asking whether gazelle were indeed highly seasonally mobile...

Archaeological human remains and their funerary contexts provide valuable insights into social and ideological lives as well as the origins, health and activities of past communities. In the southern Levant extensive cemeteries from the Late Epipalaeolithic (Natufian) and Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) have been recognized, although burials from earli...

Social identities and the expansion of stone bead-making in Neolithic Western Asia: new evidence from Jordan—ERRATUM - Volume 92 Issue 361 - Katherine Wright, Andrew Garrard

Relative to other regions of the Levant, our knowledge of the adaptations of Epipalaeolithic hunter-gatherers to the late Pleistocene environments of the coastal mountains of the central and northern Levant are extremely limited. However, recently excavations at two adjacent caves at Moghr el-Ahwal in the Qadisha Valley of northern Lebanon have pro...

ABSTRACT The hunting of Gazella subgutturosa was a dominant practice for Epipalaeolithic and early Neolithic hunter–gatherers in the east Jordan steppe. The seasonal mobility of this taxon in the Levant is poorly understood, especially for early prehistory when herd movements would have influenced hunter-gatherer use of the steppes. This paper prop...

The collective grave from Azraq 18 in Jordan provides an exceptional case-study of Natufian burial treatment from a site outside what was traditionally regarded as the core settlement area of the Mediterranean zone. Despite the bones being in a poor state of preservation, the meticulous excavation and recording of the material from the burial pit p...

Recent zooarchaeological analyses of game exploitation in the Epipalaeolithic of the Southern Levant identify a decline in large game in the Natufian, with corresponding increase in small prey, interpreted as hunting pressure driven by population expansion. To date, studies focus on the Mediterranean zone. This paper adopts similar approaches to ex...

This study takes a regional approach to understanding the nature of Near Eastern hunteregatherer spatial organization near the height of the Last Glacial Maximum, circa 21,000 calibrated years ago. To do so, we reconstructed the paleogeography and paleovegetation and then employed least-cost GIS analysis to model foraging ranges and potential annua...

The analysis of rich bone assemblages from an Epipalaeolithic site in Jordan show that wing feathers were being extracted, probably for ornamental or ceremonial purposes, from eagles and buzzards. These raptors were perhaps caught by luring them with tortoises, evident from smashed shells in the same assemblage. The authors speculate on the symboli...

A series of radiocarbon dates from two Epipalaeolithic sites – Kharaneh IV and Ayn Qasiyya – in the Azraq Basin of eastern Jordan provide a new perspective on the chronology and settlement patterns of this part of southwest Asia during the Late Pleistocene. We discuss the implications to our understanding of the chronology of Late Pleistocene lithi...

The natural arc of resource-rich land which forms the ‘Fertile Crescent’ of South-West Asia is regarded as the earliest centre of village-based farming in the world and has been the focus of much of our understanding of the transition from Epipalaeolithic hunter-gathers to Neolithic farmers. Beyond the Fertile Crescent is the first volume of the Az...

Two Epipalaeolithic sites, Kharaneh IV and Wadi Jilat 6 in the Azraq basin of eastern Jordan, are much larger than any others of the same period. They are locations to which hunters/gatherers/foragers returned across thousands of years. This paper explores human settlement and mobility patterns at these unusual sites through the perspective of anim...

What social groups were involved in Neolithic craft production? What was the nature of early forms of craft specialization, long before urban economies evolved? One way to look at this is to investigate manufacture of Neolithic prestige goods. Seasonal camps in Wadi Jilat (eastern Jordan) revealed unusually detailed evidence for manufacture of ston...

The project was initiqted to inuestigate the adaptations ot' Palaeolithic and Neolithic communities to the t'orested mountain enuironments of the Qadishq Valley in northern Lebqnon. Very little systematic t'ield research and excauation has been undertaken on sifes from these periods in such habitats in the eastern Mediterranean region. Following an...

Since its foundation in 1937, the Institute of Archaeology has been an important centre of research on Pleistocene environments and Palaeolithic archaeology. Frederick Zeuner (loA: 1937-1963) was greatly respected for his teaching and research on the subject, including his 1945 publication The Pleistocene period and John Waechter (loA: 1954-1978) f...

From their research in Jordan, the authors show that the appearance of early farming and herding communities in western Asia coincided with a large expansion in stone bead production. This reflects a new social role for personal ornament.

During the last decade, considerable advances have been made in our knowledge of the origins of cereal and pulse domestication in south-west Asia. Archaeobotanical assemblages have become available from hitherto poorly known regions and time periods, and new methodologies and interpretative approaches have allowed the reevaluation of older collecti...

Dans cet article, sept chercheurs travaillant au Levant sud presentent leur approche de la domestication animale dans cette region, ainsi que de nouvelles donnees. Ils prennent en compte toute la periode concernee par ce phenomene, des premieres communautes sedentaires natoufiennes jusqu 'a l'arrivee des premiers caprines domestiques durant le PPNB...

PREFACE For the reasons indicated in the introduction to this book_ there has been a very long rime lapse beMeen the excavadon, processiug and publication of the archaeological material from Ras el-Kelb. The report which follows is based on research undertaken as part of a doctora] dissena(on in the 1970s (Garrard l9g0). Since that time, approaches...

Durant l'ete 1995, les auteurs ont lance une prospection des sites prehistoriques du Paleolithique et du Neolithique Aceramique de la region de Sakcagozu. Apres un rappel des precedentes etudes menees sur les sites du nord-ouest levantin, ils proposent une description de l'environnement geographique actuel de la region de Sakcagozu. Ils presentent...

Recent excavations in the south-west Azraq Basin (Jordan) have shed significant new light on the origins of pastoralism, the “burin site” phenomenon and arid-land adaptations between the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B and the Early Phase of the Late Neolithic. This article outlines results of excavations at four neighbouring sites in the Wadi el-Jil...

INTRoDUcToN Prior to the 1970s, most research on the Late Paleolithic and Neolithic of the l,evant was under-taken in a 100-km-wide corridor running adjacent to the eastem Mediterranean seaboard. with isolated exceptions, this was confined to regions presently lying in the moist steppe and woodland belt. More recently, researchers have become incre...

The Azraq project conducted excavations at the Neolithic sites of Azraq 31 and Wadi el-Jilat 32 in 1989. At Azraq 31 we wished to establish whether distinct late PPNB and Late Neolithic occupations existed and whether caprines (= sheep/goat) were herded as early as the late PPNB. Very low numbers of caprines in the late PPNB were documented at Azra...

Excavations undertaken at two multi-phase Epipalaeolithic sites in the Wadi el-Jilat (central Jordan) highlight regional diversity in both lithic assemblages and settlement patterns during the late Pleistocene of the southern Levant. New dates from Jilat 6 confirm that an assemblage dominated by geometric triangles was manufactured between 15,500 a...

Ce rapport resume les resultats des recherches sur le paleoenvironnement et la paleosubsistance dans le bassin ďAzraq en Jordanie centre est. Des etudes geomorphologiques et sedimentologiques de sequences fluviales, eoliennes, lacustres datees, suggerent une alternance d'episodes humides et secs entre 25 000 et 14 500 P.B. et, posterieurement, des...

The Azraq Project was begun in 1975 in order to learn more of the history of environment, settlement and subsistence in the presently arid zone of South-West Asia during the late Glacial and early Holocene—the period crucial to the beginnings of food production. In 1975 a survey was made of fifteen localitites around the Azraq Basin and the area wa...

The Azraq Project was begun in 1975 in order to learn more of the history of environment, settlement and subsistence in the presently arid zone of South-West Asia during the late Glacial and early Holocene—the period crucial to the beginnings of food production. In 1975 a survey was made of fifteen localitites around the Azraq Basin and the area wa...

During the past decade there has been a great increase in prehistoric survey and excavation in the arid lands of south-west Asia. There have been three, main reasons for this. Firstly, the need to correct the geographical imbalance of earlier work which concentrated on the Fertile Cresent. Secondly, the growing interest in reconstructing regional s...

A Camelus metapodial, found among the animal bones excavated by Garrod from the Levalloiso-Mousterian of the Tabun Cave (Mount Carmel, Israel), adds to the relatively small number of Camelus finds reported from the Pleistocene of the Near East. The mammal faunas associated with these finds suggest relatively dry open conditions, but not desert cond...

BAR International Series r 59 r 983

BAR International Series r33 t98z

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Cambridge, 1981.