Andrew Binley

Lancaster University | LU · Lancaster Environment Centre

A petrophysical model that accurately relates bulk electrical conductivity (σ) to pore fluid conductivity (σw) is critical to the interpretation of geophysical measurements. Classical models are either only applicable over a limited salinity regime or incorrectly explain the nonlinear‐to‐linear behavior of the σ(σw) relationship. In this study, asy...

This study investigates the potential of field‐based induced polarization (IP) methods to provide in‐situ estimates of soil cation exchange capacity (CEC). CEC influences the fate of nutrients and pollutants in the subsurface. However, estimates of CEC require sampling and laboratory analysis, which can be costly, especially at large scales. Induce...

Geophysical methods have proven to be useful for investigating unstable slopes as they are both non‐invasive and sensitive to the spatial distribution of physical properties in the subsurface. Of particular interest are the links between electrical resistivity and near‐surface moisture content; recent work has demonstrated that it is possible to ca...

Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), a geophysical imaging method, is commonly used on flood embankments (dykes or levees) to characterize their internal structure and look for defects. These surveys often use a single line of electrodes to enable 2-D imaging through the embankment crest, an approach that enables rapid and efficient surveying c...

Critical Zone Observatories (CZOs) have been established initially in natural environments to monitor CZ processes. A new generation of CZOs has been extended to human-modified landscapes to address the impacts of climate change and human-caused actions such as erosion, droughts, floods, and water resource pollution. This review focuses on numerous...

This paper explores the applicability of ensemble Kalman inversion (EKI) with level-set parametrization for solving geophysical inverse problems. In particular, we focus on its extension to induced polarization (IP) data with uncertainty quantification. IP data may provide rich information on characteristics of geological materials due to its sensi...

Smart waterflooding is one of the most practical emerging methods of enhanced oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs. In this study, the effect of salt type and its concentration in smart water on oil recovery from a carbonate reservoir rock is investigated. A series of experimental measurements, including zeta potential (ZP), interfacial tension (IF...

There is growing interest in the use of spectral induced polarization (SIP) surveys to characterize the near-surface environment. Few attempts have been made to perform field SIP surveys in a 3D configuration; when done, they are typically conducted using a series of parallel 2D electrode lines with collinear measurements. However, such measurement...

Freshwater resources are becoming increasingly scarce in coastal areas, limiting crop productivity in coastal farmlands. Although the characteristic of crop water use is an important factor for water conservation in coastal farmlands, it has not been studied extensively. This study aimed to depict the water use process of soil–plant systems under s...

The measurement of soil moisture is important for a wide range of applications, including ecosystem conservation and agricultural management. However, most traditional measurement methods, for example, time‐domain reflectometry (TDR), are unsuitable for mapping field scale variability. In this study, we propose a method that uses an unmanned aerial...

Sediment microbial communities drive the biogeochemical cycles that make rivers globally important sources and sinks of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). The structure of these communities is strongly determined by the local physico-chemical environment. However, we currently lack an understanding of the factors that determine microbial community struct...

Impacts due to climate change, population growth and intensive agriculture continue to be a major concern worldwide. Sustainable agriculture with coherent land management strategies is essential to mitigate against adverse environmental impacts. For the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), much research has focused on implementing soil-plant-atmosphere mod...

Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) has seen increased use in the monitoring the condition of river embankments, due to its spatial subsurface coverage, sensitivity to changes in internal states, such as moisture content, and ability to identify seepage and other erosional process with time‐lapse ERT. Two‐dimensional ERT surveys are commonly us...

Small headwater streams are recognized for intense outgassing to the atmosphere of climate‐relevant carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Though these headwaters are markedly oversaturated for both CO2 and CH4, the origins and controls over the fate of these two carbon‐gases are still poorly constrained, especially for the stronger greenhouse gas...

Vegetation changes that are driven by soil conservation measures significantly affect subsurface water flow patterns and soil water status. Much research on water consumption and sustainability of newly introduced vegetation types at the plot scale has been done in the Loess Plateau of China (LPC), typically using local scale measurements of soil w...

The soils and underlying weathered carbonate rock in karstic regions play an important role in the infiltration, storage, and retention of water and nutrients. Because of significant heterogeneity of the karst, the use of individual geophysical techniques is often not sufficient for unambiguous assessment of the irregular distributions of soils and...

Understanding nitrate migration through the deep vadose zone is essential for aquifer vulnerability assessments. The effect of variability of physical properties of the deep vadose zone on nitrate transport has been scarcely explored. Recently, deep nitrate storage profiles were determined in the vadose zone of the Loess Plateau of China. Using the...

Understanding ecologically sensitive wetlands often requires non-invasive methods to characterize their complex structure (e.g., deposit heterogeneity) and hydrogeological parameters (e.g., porosity and hydraulic conductivity). Here, electrical conductivities of a riparian wetland were obtained using frequency domain electromagnetic induction (EMI)...

This chapter explores the use of geophysical methods to assess soil physical characteristics. The chapter begins by reviewing the geophysical properties of soil, such as clay content and organic matter content. It then moves on to discuss the electromagnetic induction method and its application, then examines electrical resistivity and its applicat...

Moisture-induced landslides are a global geohazard; mitigating the risk posed by landslides requires an understanding of the hydrological and geological conditions present within a given slope. Recently, numerous geophysical studies have been attempted to characterise slow-moving landslides, with an emphasis on developing geoelectrical methods as a...

This study demonstrates the potential value of a combined UAV Photogrammetry and ground penetrating radar (GPR) approach to map snow water equivalent (SWE) over large scales. SWE estimation requires two different physical parameters (snow depth and density), which are currently difficult to measure with the spatial and temporal resolution desired f...

Irrigated agriculture is threatened by soil salinity in numerous arid and semi-arid areas of the world, chiefly caused by the use of highly salinity irrigation water, compounded by excessive evapotranspiration. Given this threat, efficient field assessment methods are needed to monitor the dynamics of soil salinity in salt-affected irrigated lands...

We report the complex spatial and temporal dynamics of hyporheic exchange flows (HEFs) and nitrogen exchange in an upwelling reach of a 200 m groundwater‐fed river. We show how research combining hydrological measurement, geophysics and isotopes, with nutrient speciation techniques provides insight on nitrogen pathways and transformations that coul...

Monitoring subsurface flow and transport processes over a wide range of spatiotemporal scales remains one of the greatest challenges in hydrology. Electrical geophysical techniques have been implemented to noninvasively investigate a broad range of subsurface hydrological processes. Recent advances in instrumentation and interpretational tools high...

Resistivity and induced polarization methods are used for a wide range of near-surface applications, including hydrogeology, civil engineering and archaeology, as well as emerging applications in the agricultural and plant sciences. This comprehensive reference text covers both theory and practice of resistivity and induced polarization methods, de...

Induced polarization (IP) has been widely used to non-invasively characterize electrical conduction and polarization in the subsurface resulting from an applied electric field. Earth materials exhibit a lossy capacitance defined by an intrinsic negative phase in frequency-domain IP (FDIP) or positive intrinsic chargeability in time-domain IP (TDIP)...

Resistivity and induced polarization methods are used for a wide range of near-surface applications, including hydrogeology, civil engineering and archaeology, as well as emerging applications in the agricultural and plant sciences. This comprehensive reference text covers both theory and practice of resistivity and induced polarization methods, de...

Resistivity and induced polarization methods are used for a wide range of near-surface applications, including hydrogeology, civil engineering and archaeology, as well as emerging applications in the agricultural and plant sciences. This comprehensive reference text covers both theory and practice of resistivity and induced polarization methods, de...

Resistivity and induced polarization methods are used for a wide range of near-surface applications, including hydrogeology, civil engineering and archaeology, as well as emerging applications in the agricultural and plant sciences. This comprehensive reference text covers both theory and practice of resistivity and induced polarization methods, de...

Resistivity and induced polarization methods are used for a wide range of near-surface applications, including hydrogeology, civil engineering and archaeology, as well as emerging applications in the agricultural and plant sciences. This comprehensive reference text covers both theory and practice of resistivity and induced polarization methods, de...

Resistivity and induced polarization methods are used for a wide range of near-surface applications, including hydrogeology, civil engineering and archaeology, as well as emerging applications in the agricultural and plant sciences. This comprehensive reference text covers both theory and practice of resistivity and induced polarization methods, de...

Resistivity and induced polarization methods are used for a wide range of near-surface applications, including hydrogeology, civil engineering and archaeology, as well as emerging applications in the agricultural and plant sciences. This comprehensive reference text covers both theory and practice of resistivity and induced polarization methods, de...

Resistivity and induced polarization methods are used for a wide range of near-surface applications, including hydrogeology, civil engineering and archaeology, as well as emerging applications in the agricultural and plant sciences. This comprehensive reference text covers both theory and practice of resistivity and induced polarization methods, de...

Resistivity and induced polarization methods are used for a wide range of near-surface applications, including hydrogeology, civil engineering and archaeology, as well as emerging applications in the agricultural and plant sciences. This comprehensive reference text covers both theory and practice of resistivity and induced polarization methods, de...

Geophysical surveys are now commonly used in agriculture for mapping applications. High‐throughput collection of geophysical properties such as electrical conductivity (inverse of resistivity) can be used as a proxy for soil properties of interest (e.g., moisture, texture, salinity). Most applications only rely on a single geophysical survey at a g...

Irrigated agriculture is threatened by soil salinity in numerous arid and semiarid areas of the world, chiefly caused by the use of highly salinity irrigation water, compounded by excessive evapotranspiration. Given this threat, efficient field assessment methods are needed to monitor the dynamics of soil salinity in salt-affected irrigated lands a...

Characterization of riverbed sediments is important for understanding interactions between groundwater (GW) and surface water (SW), and their consequent implications for ecological and environmental health. There have been a number of studies using geoelectrical methods for GW-SW interaction studies; however most applications have not focused on ob...

Frequency domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) methods have had a long history of qualitative mapping for environmental applications. More recently, the development of multi-coil and multi-frequency instruments is such that the focus has shifted to inverting data to obtain quantitative models of electrical conductivity. Whilst collection of EMI d...

Time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) measurements provide indirect observations of hydrological processes in the Earth's shallow subsurface at high spatial and temporal resolution. ERT has been used in the past decades to detect leaks and monitor the evolution of associated contaminant plumes. Specifically, inverted resistivity images...

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper:[...]

In the past several decades there has been considerable interest in groundwater‐surface water (GW‐SW) interactions and their ability to regulate, and cycle, nutrients and pollutants. These interactions are spatially and temporally complex; however electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) can be a useful method for their characterization. Here, an ERI m...

Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is a technique widely used for the investigation of the structure and fluid‐dynamics of the shallow subsurface, particularly for hydro‐geophysical purposes, sometimes using cross‐borehole configurations. The results of ERT inversion and their usefulness in solving hydrogeophysical problems, even though invari...

To improve risk assessment, control, and treatment strategies of contaminated sites, we require accurate methods for monitoring solute transport and infiltration in the unsaturated zone. Highly spatio‐temporal heterogeneous infiltration during snowmelt increases the risk of contaminating the groundwater in areas where de‐icing chemicals are require...

Geophysical methods, such as electromagnetic induction (EMI), can be effective for monitoring changes in soil moisture at the field scale, particularly in agricultural applications. The electrical conductivity (σ) inferred from EMI needs to be converted to soil moisture content (θ) using an appropriate relationship. Typically, a single global relat...

Several studies have explored the potential of electrical resistivity tomography to monitor changes in soil moisture associated with the root water uptake of different crops. Such studies usually use a set of limited below‐ground measurements throughout the growth season but are often unable to get a complete picture of the dynamics of the processe...

Extensive nitrogen loads at the soil surface exceed plant uptake and soil biochemical capacity, and therefore lead to nitrogen accumulation in the deep vadose zone. Studies have shown that stored nitrogen in the vadose zone can eventually reach the water table and affect the quality of groundwater resources. Recently, global scale models have been...

Grapes are the most important cash crop in Xinjiang. However, the effective utilization of agricultural water and fertilizer in this area is relatively low, which is very unfavourable for the development of Xinjiang grape industry. At present, there is a lack of research based on multi-objective water and fertilizer optimization to guide grape prod...

Characterizing the spatio‐temporal distribution of groundwater‐surface water exchange fluxes is of paramount importance in understanding catchment behavior. A wide range of field‐based techniques are available for such characterization. The objective of this study is to quantify the spatio‐temporal distribution of the exchange fluxes along the Çakı...

Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and induced polarization (IP) methods are now widely used in many interdisciplinary projects. Although field surveys using these methods are relatively straightforward, ERT and IP data require the application of inverse methods prior to any interpretation. Several established non-commercial inversion codes ex...

The impact of riparian wetlands on the cycling, retention and export of nutrients from land to water varies according to local environmental conditions and is poorly resolved in catchment management approaches. To determine the role a specific wetland might play in a catchment mitigation strategy, an alternative approach is needed to the high-frequ...

Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) is widely used to image the Earth's subsurface and has proven to be an extremely useful tool in application to hydrological problems. Conventional smoothness-constrained inversion of ERT data is efficient and robust, and consequently very popular. However, it does not resolve well sharp interfaces of a resist...

Partial root zone drying (PRD) is a new irrigation technique which can improve the water use efficiency of wine grape [1] without significant crop reduction. One half of the root system is watered and only one half of the root system is active (cf, Fig. 1). Geoelectrical methods may provide non-invasive characterization and monitoring of root archi...

The impact of riparian wetlands on the cycling, retention and export of nutrients from land to water varies according to local environmental conditions and is poorly resolved in catchment management approaches. To determine the role a specific wetland might play in a catchment mitigation strategy, an alternative approach is needed to the high frequ...

The applications of geoelectrical methods are becoming increasingly widespread for near surface investigations in many disciplines, due to their sensitivity to a wide variety of geological and hydrogeological properties. For field applications, collection of geoelectrical data is relatively straightforward, however, data processing can be challengi...

Core Ideas Vadose zone water is up to 3.1 × 10¹² m³ in the Chinese Loess Plateau. The deep vadose zone (below 5 m) stores 92.4% of the total vadose zone water. Vadose zone water distribution is uneven, depending on loess thickness and precipitation. Vadose zone water accounts for 42.1% of water resources in the Chinese Loess Plateau. Water stored...

The spatiotemporal distribution of pore water in the vadose zone can have a critical control on many processes in the near‐surface Earth, such as the onset of landslides, crop yield, groundwater recharge, and runoff generation. Electrical geophysics has been widely used to monitor the moisture content (θ) distribution in the vadose zone at field si...

Rocky desertification is a significant threat in the karst regions of southwest China. Studies of soil distribution can contribute to protecting and recovering the fragile karst ecosystem that is prevalent in this region. With an underlying aim of being able to assess soil stocks in karstic environments, this study evaluates the use of electrical r...

Assessing redox conditions in soil and groundwater is challenging because redox reactions are oxygen sensitive, hence, destructive sampling methods may provide contact with air and influence the redox state. Furthermore, commonly used redox potential sensors provide only point measurements and are prone to error. This paper assesses whether combini...

Karst is characteristically complex, hydrogeologically, due to a high degree of heterogeneity, which is often typified by specific features, for example, cavities and sinkholes, embedded in a landscape with significant spatial variability of weathering. Characterization of such heterogeneity is challenging with conventional hydrogeological methods,...

Geoelectrical methods provide volumetric electrical property distributions of the subsurface, which can be interpreted in terms of geological and petrophysical properties. In addition, relationships between electrical resistivity and moisture contents are well established, making geoelectrical methods an important tool for hydrogeophysicists. Lots...

Analysis and inversion of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and/or induced polarization (IP) data can be challenging. Among numerous codes that are developed for the purpose of ERT/IP data processing, very few non-commercial codes offer a graphical user interface (GUI) and many embedded their powerful cores in a command line interface. This w...

Geophysical methods show promise for detecting the spatial variability of subsurface clay content and its effect on subsurface hydraulic properties. We have developed a laboratory study that examines the influence of clay content and distribution on the relationships between hydraulic conductivity [Formula: see text] and the physical and geophysica...

Re-vegetation is a necessary control measure of soil erosion in the Loess Plateau. However, excessive re-vegetation can aggravate soil water shortage, which can in turn threaten the health and services of restored ecosystems. An optimal plant cover or biomass (i.e., soil-water carrying capacity for vegetation, SWCCV) is important for regional water...