Andrei Kurgansky

Russian Academy of Education | RAO · Institure of Developmental Physiology

В книге обобщены исследования коллектива авторов, посвященные актуальным проблемам мозгового обеспечения регуляции поведения и когнитивной деятельности в подростковом возрасте. Морфологические, нейрофизиологические и нейропсихологические исследования, представленные в книге, свидетельствуют о существенных преобразованиях мозговой организации процес...

We present the results of an experimental study of working memory (WM) in children and adults. It is aimed at assessing how the retention of serial information in WM depends on its modality: verbal or nonverbal. A group of children (N=17, mean age 10.59 years), and a group of adults (N=24, mean age 30.45 years) participated in the study. Participan...

This is an Appendix of the paper, that presents the results of an experimental study of working memory (WM) in children and adults. It is aimed at assessing how the retention of serial information in WM depends on its mo-dality, verbal or non-verbal. The subjects were (i) a group of children (N=17, mean age 10.59 years) and (ii) a group of adults (...

This article presents the results of an experimental study of retention in working memory (WM) and subsequent motor reproduction of two types of serial information, verbal (sequence of letters) and non-verbal (broken lines). Series of elements were presented in two modes: statically (all elements are shown simultaneously) and dynamically (the seque...

Previous studies have shown that the use of a static or dynamic mode of presenting a non-verbal series (a sequence of strokes that make up a broken line, like an open polygonal chain), as well as varying the retention time of this information in working memory, can affect the accuracy and temporal characteristics of the sequence reproduction. The p...

The development of executive functions (EF) during ascending ontogeny is addressed on the basis of current theoretical concepts of their neurobiological bases. Behavioral methods for evaluating EF in preschool children (3–6 years of age) are analyzed, as is the link between these methods and various theoretical approaches. Among existing methods of...

A group of adults performed a task requiring working memory (WM) capacities. This task implies delayed copying (hand drawing) of a broken line, which is shown either statically in the form of a line drawing, or dynamically by showing the cursor moving along the invisible contour of this line. We studied the joint influence of the presentation mode...

A group of 27 healthy young adults solved a task involving the working memory (WM) activation, consisting of the comparison between the spatial orientations of two sequentially presented square-wave luminance gratings. We investigated the effective (directed) connectivity patterns between the frontal and postcentral cortical regions related to the...

A group of 27 healthy young adults solved a task involving the working memory (WM) activation, consisting of the comparison between the spatial orientations of two sequentially presented square-wave luminance gratings. We investigated the effective (directed) connectivity patterns between the frontal and postcentral cortical regions related to the...

В работе представлены результаты эксперимента, направленного на исследование особенностей запоминания и воспроизведения взрослыми испытуемыми вербальной и невербальной зрительной серийной информации в зависимости от способа её предъявления. Участники эксперимента должны были запомнить и воспроизвести последовательности букв и цифр, а также последов...

Effective connectivity was studied in a group of 24 right-handed, healthy adults (9 male, 15 female) aged 22 ± 4.75 years during the preparation for task performance in the cued attention, implicit anticipation, and baseline conditions. Participants performed visual and auditory versions of the temporal order judgment task. Alpha-band effective con...

The paper presents the results of a prognostic model of the occurrence of deviant behavior based on neurophysiological and neuropsychological indicators of behavioral regulation functions in adolescents. We used data on the state of the regulatory systems of the brain obtained on the basis of EEG analysis, data on the state of brain executive funct...

Functional connectivity was studied in a group of 17 right-handed children aged 9.789 ± 0.447 years during the deployment of cued anticipatory attention. Participants performed visual and auditory versions of the temporal order judgment task. Prestimulus functional links were assessed via alpha band coherence computed in the source space for presel...

Here we report results of the study of memorization and retention of serial visuospatial stimuli at different ages: in children, adolescents and adults. The subjects were asked to reproduce broken lines – sequences of vertical and horizontal line segments. These lines were presented (1) as a static image and (2) as a dynamic object – a cursor movin...

The general direction of this study is the search for possible neurophysiological causes of deviant behavior. The specific goal of the work was to assess to what extent the effective connectivity that was estimated in the EEG source space at rest is sensitive to the non-optimal state of several most relevant resting-state networks (RSN) that are cl...

This review assesses experimental studies of the functioning of the human brain in the resting state. In this state, brain activity has a specific organization in space and time. The spatial (topographical) aspect of this organization consists of the existence of resting state networks, while the temporal organization is apparent as the dynamics of...

We present a study investigating the neural correlates of artificial grammar learning – a process of implicit processing of regularities in the environment. Participants observed visual stimuli that were created using a set of complex rules and then classified items from a new stimulus set as either consistent with these rules or not. Unlike previo...

This study investigated whether the signs of deviant behavior observed in adolescents were related to their predisposition to risk-taking. In a large group of adolescents (N = 177, mean age 14.37+1.12 years), an inclination toward risk-taking was assessed by the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) and the presence of deviant behavior was scored with qu...

This study investigated whether the signs of deviant behavior among adolescents were related to their predisposition to risk-taking. In a large group of adolescents (N=177, mean age 14.37+1.12), riskiness was assessed by the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART) and the presence of deviant behavior was scored with the questionnaires adapted for Russian s...

Age-related trends in the strength of functional and effective connectivity between key cortical structures that belong to the three most important resting-state neural networks: the default mode network (DMN), the key event detection network (salience network, SN) and the central executive network (CEN) were investigated in adolescents of both sex...

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The study aims to analyze the influence of the non-optimal state of various components of the brain's regulatory systems (RS) on the emergence of behavioral problems in adolescence, such as tendency to aggression, delinquency, and ignoring social norms and rules.The study involved 124 adolescents (mean age - 14.6 years). Based on the analysis of in...

Общее направление настоящего исследования – поиск возможных нейрофизиологических причин девиантного поведения. Конкретная цель работы состояла в том, чтобы оценить, насколько эффективные связи, вычисленные в пространстве источников ЭЭГ в состоянии покоя, чувствительны к неоптимальному состоянию нескольких наиболее релевантных нейронных сетей покоя,...

Attempts to estimate the contribution made by motor activity to insight problem solving is hindered by a lack of detailed description of motor behavior. The goal of this study was to develop and put to the test a novel method for studying the dynamics of insight problem solving based on a quantitative analysis of ongoing motor activity. As a proper...

В данной работе исследовалось, как на протяжении подросткового периода развития изменяется характер функционального и эффективного взаимодействия между ключевыми кортикальными структурами, входящими в три важнейших нейронных сети покоя: дефолтной сети (default mode network, DMN), сети обнаружения ключевых событий (salience network, SN) и центрально...

The adolescence is known to be accompanied by an increased rate of risky, asocial and delinquent behavior collectively referred as deviant behavior. The present work addresses the question of whether this increase in a deviant behavior in adolescents is related to a deficit in basic components of executive functions such as ability to sustain and f...

The anticipation of future events based on a background experience is one of the main components of any goal‐directed behavior. Anticipatory attention can be either voluntary (explicit) or involuntary (implicit). We presumed that these two types of anticipatory attention differed in terms of cortical functional organization. We examined this assump...

High-density EEG recordings were made during performance of tasks consisting of delayed motor reproduction of unfamiliar trajectory outline images, with evaluation of event-related potentials (ERP) associated with presentation of these images and a command sound signal (a short sound). A total of 22 right-handed adult subjects took part in the stud...

A group of 24 adult subjects performed a task consisting of delayed motor reproduction (copying) of unfamiliar outline figures (trajectory templates). Templates were presented for 250 msec and were reproduced in response to an instruction given by sound signal (a brief click), delayed relative to the end of the period of presentation of the traject...

It is argued in the paper that the fastest possible rate of motor sequence production can be attributed to two factors: (i) the presence of those peripheral or central processes whose duration cannot be made less than a certain limit ('time-consuming' factor) and (ii) purposeful control of the execution rate through adjusting the durations of separ...

Studies in healthy right-handed subjects (N = 16, mean age 23 ± 5.7 years) analyzed the functional organization of the cerebral cortex during preparation to solve visual and auditory sensory tasks in two conditions: (1) anticipation of a visual or auditory signal after being told its modality (cued anticipatory attention) and (2) implicit anticipat...

The goal of this study was to explore whether cortico-cortical interactions measured during the retention of visual information in working memory are sensitive to the alternation of the output modality, that is, to the way the stored information is going to be used. We designed an experiment in which participants were asked to memorize the spatiall...

The pattern of cortical functional connectivity in the source space was studied in a group of righthanded adult participants (N = 44:17 women, 27 men, aged M = 29.61 ± 6.45 years). Participants retained the traces of realistic pictures of positive, neutral, and negative emotional valences in their working memory (WM) while performing the same-diffe...

Existing research has shown modality-specific differences in short-term memory performance. Almost all previous studies have manipulated the input information without considering the way it will be used at output. In the current study, participants memorized spatially ordered arrays of letter-like shapes simultaneously shown on a screen, and recall...

Group of 24 adults has performed the delayed reproduction (copying) of unfamiliar contour shapes (trajectory templates). Templates were shown for 250 ms and the participants were asked to reproduce them upon detecting acoustical go signal (short click). Go signal was delayed relatively to the end of a visual template exposure by T = 0,500,1000,2000...

У здоровых взрослых испытуемых -правшей (N = 44: 17 женщин, 27 мужчин, средний возрастM= 29.61±6.45 лет) анализировали корково-корковые функциональные связи при удержании в рабочей памяти (РП) эмоционально окрашенных реалистических изображений различной валентности (нейтральных, позитивных и негативных). Испытуемые решали задачу на выявление различ...

Во время решения задачи на двигательное отсроченное воспроизведение незнакомых контурных изображений траекторий регистрировалась ЭЭГ высокой плотности и оценивались потенциалы (ССП), связанные с предъявлением этих изображений и звукового императивного сигнала (короткий звук). В эксперименте приняли участие 22 праворуких взрослых испытуемых, выполня...

У здоровых взрослых испытуемых правшей (N = 16, средний возраст 23 ± 5.7 лет) анализиро вали функциональную организация коры головного мозга при подготовке к решению зритель ных и слуховых сенсорных задач в двух условиях: (1) при ожидании целевого зрительного или слухового сигнала после предупреждения о его модальности (направленное предвосхищающ...

Studies in adult subjects (n = 36) analyzed functional interactions in the prefrontal areas of the cortex with other cortical zones during preparation to recognize incomplete figures with different levels of fragmentation during sequential approximation to the complete image. Functional interactions were measured in terms of the imaginary part of t...

Preparation for the processing of forthcoming information plays a major role in human cognition. This makes it highly relevant to study brain mechanisms of cued anticipatory attention. We assume that alpha oscillations mediate the prestimulus coupling of cortical areas thus making them prepared for target stimuli processing. In the present study, E...

The brain organization of the preparation to perceiving incomplete images fragmented to different extents was studied in children aged 10–11 and 11–12 years. Functional connections of the ventrolateral and dorsoventral cortical zones with other zones were examined at three consecutive stages of the preparation to perceiving incomplete images. The r...

In the experimental condition, anticipatory attention is modulated by cue-stimuli that inform participants about relevant characteristics of target stimuli and increase participants’ performance. In the present study, EEG-source alpha coherence analysis was applied to assess a cue-related shift in cortical functional connectivity. It was shown that...

Production of drawing movements was studied in 29 right-handed children aged 9 to 11 years. The movements were sequences of horizontal and vertical linear strokes conjoined at a right angle (open polygonal chains) referred to below as trajectories. Trajectories comprising four to six segments were presented to a subject visually in a static or dyna...

The production of drawing movements was studied in 29 right-handed children of 9-to-11 years old. The movements were the sequences of horizontal and vertical linear stokes conjoined at right angle (open polygonal chains) referred to throughout the paper as trajectories. The length of a trajectory varied from 4 to 6. The trajectories were presented...

The functional interaction between prefrontal cortex and other cortices was analyzed during the pre-stimulus period in the task in which human subjects (n = 36) were asked to recognize a set of incomplete images of different degree of fragmentation. The imaginary part of the complex-valued coherency was used to measure a strength of inter-area coup...

Functional interaction between prefrontal, temporal and tempo-parieto-occipital zones during preparation to recognition of incomplete linedrawings were analyzed in adults (n = 26) and children of 7-8 years old (n = 20). The strength of cortico-cortical interactions was estimated with the imaginary part of the complex-valued coherence at the frequen...

In the present paper, two apparently contradictory developmental trends routinely found in developmental experimental studies are discussed. One of them is the reduction in relative usage of sensory information in movement control; the other (reverse) trend is that, along the course of development, the sensory information plays increasing role in m...

Neighboring neurons in cat primary visual cortex (V1) have similar preferred orientation, direction, and spatial frequency. How diverse is their degree of tuning for these properties? To address this, we used single-tetrode recordings to simultaneously isolate multiple cells at single recording sites and record their responses to flashed and drifti...

В своей статье А. Л. Крушинскй (этот выпуск, с. 52 – 61) выдвинул тезис о том, что выполнение ког-нитивных операций оплачивается утратой мозгом изначального запаса упорядоченности. Это положение ставится под сомнение с точки зрения (1) принципов физики систем, далеких от термодинамического равновесия, (2) данных о развитии мозга в онтогенезе, (3) н...

This par reviews modern approaches to measuring cortical functional and effective connectivity in neurocognitive networks--the large-scale distributed systems of interacting neuronal populations which are thought to underlie the cognitive processing. Two broad classes of methods of connectivity estimation, linear and nonlinear, are discussed. In th...

In this paper, we explore the issue of the nature (perceptual, abstract, or motor) of neural codes used by CNS in order to store the internal representation of elements of a sequence of movements. Reported are the results of two experiments in which two independent groups of 16 right handed adults repeated, after a given delay, the piecewise trajec...

Анализировалось влияние двух способов зрительного предъявления последовательности графических движений – в виде статического рисунка и пошаговой прорисовки отдельных элементов серии на временные параметры двигательных ответов. В эксперименте участвовали 15 испытуемых (20–30 лет), задача которых состояла в том, чтобы запоминать последовательно предъ...

In the experimental studies of movement organization, two seemingly contradictory age-related trends are usually observed: on the one hand, the relative use of sensory information in motor control is reduced, but on the other hand, the role of sensory information in movement organization grows up in the course of development. Analysis of the experi...

Functional connectivity between the prefrontal cortex and the temporal and temporo-parieto-occipital cortices in the process of preparing for the recognition of fragmented images were analyzed in adults (n = 26) and seven- to eight-year-old children (n = 20).The evaluations of the imaginary part of the complex-valued coherency for the EEG alpha-rhy...

We report here studies of the nature of neural codes (perceptual, abstract, or motor) used for the internal representation of elements of sequences of movements in the CNS. Results from two experiments are presented, in which two independent groups of subjects (16 right-handed adults in each) were tasked with using a graphics tablet to reproduce tr...

У взрослых испытуемых (n=36) анализировали функциональное взаимодействие префронтальных областей коры с другими корковыми зонами в период подготовки к опознанию неполных изображений различного уровня фрагментации при их последовательном приближении к полному изображению. В качестве показателей функционального взаимодействия использовали оценки мним...

При отсроченном двигательном воспроизведении серии движений в порядке, обратном тому, в котором ее элементы были заданы зрительными стимулами, возникает вопрос о том, как сохраняется серия в рабочей памяти (РП). Первая возможность состоит в том, чтобы сначала обратить порядок элементов, а потом сохранить результат в РП, а вторая — в том, чтобы запо...

У взрослых испытуемых (п = 26) и детей 7—8 лет (n = 20) анализировали функциональное взаимодействие префронтальных областей коры с височными и височно-теменно-затылочными зонами в период подготовки к опознанию неполных изображений. В качестве показателей корково-коркового взаимодействия использовали оценки мнимой части комплексной когерентности аль...

The modern concepts of quantitative measurement of the strength of functional and effective cortical connectivity in neurocognitive networks (large-scale distributed brain systems of interacting neuronal populations that are believed to underlie cognitive processing) are reviewed. The two main classes of the methods of connectivity assessment (line...

The resting state cortical functional connectivity was studied in children of 7-8 (N = 29) and 9-10 (N = 23) years with learning difficulties whose EEG showed the frontal bilateral synchronous theta waves (FTW) and in the control children of 7-8 (N = 32) and 9-10 (N = 16) years who did not experience school difficulties and whose EEG did not show s...

The resting state cortical functional connectivity was studied in children of 7–8 (N = 29) and 9–10 (N = 23) years with learning difficulties whose EEG showed the frontal bilateral synchronous theta waves (FTW) and in the control children of 7–8 (N = 32) and 9–10 (N = 16) years who did not experience school difficulties and whose EEG did not show s...

Coherence at the frequency oftheta, alpha, and beta EEG rhythms was analyzed in 14 adults and 23 children of 7-8 years old while they performed cognitive tasks requiring an involvement of working memory (WM). We used the pair matching paradigm in which subjects had to match a pair of stimuli shown in succession in the central visual field. The pair...

We analyzed EEG recorded in the rest condition (eye closed) in 22 children aged from 7 to 8 years old who experienced learning difficulties and whose EEG recordings were characterized by sporadic short-term appearance of bilateral synchronous slow waves over the frontal and/or central cortices--frontal theta-waves (FTW). The vector autoregressive m...

We analyzed EEG recorded in the rest condition (eye closed) in 22 children aged from 7 to 8 years old who experienced learning difficulties and whose EEG recordings were characterized by sporadic short� term appearance of bilateral synchronous slow waves over the frontal and/or frontal and central cortices— frontal theta�waves (FTW). The vector aut...

Coherence at the frequency of θ, α, and β EEG rhythms was analyzed in 14 adults and 23 children of 7–8 years old while they performed cognitive tasks requiring an involvement of working memory (WM). We used the pair matching paradigm in which subjects had to match a pair of stimuli shown in succession in the central visual field. The pairs of verba...

The group of 22 children of 7-8 years old and the group of 17 adults participated in the experiment in which they were asked to synchronize their movements (pressing a button) with an isochronous sequence of visual stimuli. The period of the sequence was varied between 500 to 2000 ms with the 300 ms step. Two successive phases of visuo-motor synchr...

A group of 22 seven- to eight-year-old children and a group of 17 adults participated in the experiment in which they synchronized their movements (pressing a button) with an isochronous sequence of visual stimuli. The period of the sequence was varied between 500 to 2000 ms at a step of 300 ms. Two consecutive phases of visuomotor synchronization...

Adult subjects were asked to recognize a hierarchical visual stimulus (a letter) while their attention was drawn to either the global or local level of the stimulus. Event-related potentials (ERP) and behavioral indices (reaction time and percentage of correct responses) were measured. An analysis of behavioral indices showed the global level prece...

Individual characteristics of the initial stage of sequence learning were studied in a task consisting of reproducing a sequence of movements specified by a sequence of visual stimuli. A total of 20 adult subjects took part in the study; along with the sequence reproduction task, the subjects performed a simple visuomotor reaction, a selection task...

Right-handed subjects from four age groups, including children aged 5–6, 8–9, and 11–12 years and adults, performed simple cyclical graphic movements of different degrees of coordination and serial complexity at the maximum possible rate with the right and left hands holding the stylus either with their fingers or in the fist. The period of the cyc...

Right-handed human subjects of 4 different ages (5-6, 8-9, 11-12 yo. and adult subjects) performed simple graphical movements in a cyclic manner with maximal possible tempo. The movements differed with respect to their coordination and serial complexity and were performed by each hand while holding the stylus either by the fingers or the fist. It w...

This review focuses on some practical issues of using vector autoregressive model (VAR) for multichannel EEG analysis. Those issues include: EEG preprocessing, checking if the necessary conditions of VAR model applicability are met, optimal order selection, and assessment of the validity of fitted VAR model. Both non-directed (ordinary coherence an...

Event-related potentials (ERP) of the brain and psychometric indices (reaction time and percentage of correct responses) were studied in adult subjects during recognizing hierarchical visual stimuli (letters), while the subject’s attention was drawn to either the global or the local level of the stimulus. The psychophysical indices demonstrated the...

Serial learning at its earlier stages, presumably involving the working memory, was studied in adults and seven- to eight-year-old children during the reproduction of a sequence of discrete movements following the order specified by a sequence of visual stimuli. In both age groups, the learning curves (latent time vs. trial number) were qualitative...

The serial learning at its earlier stages that presumably involve working memory was studied in adults and children of 7-8 who were reproducing a sequences of discrete movements following the order given by a sequence of visual stimuli. In both age groups, the learning curves (latent time vs. trial number) were qualitatively similar in shape. The o...

In this work, we studied the inter-individual variants at the early stage of serial learning in the sequence reproduction task where subjects were asked to produce a sequence of movements whose serial order was given by the sequence of visual stimuli. A total of 20 adults participated in the experiment where, besides the sequence reproduction task,...

Sixteen adult subjects were asked to recognize hierarchical letters at either local or global levels. The experiment included two sessions, corresponding to free recognition and forced recognition with the attention directed to a specific level of hierarchy. The analysis of recognition errors and reaction time in the condition of free recognition r...