
Andreas TsiamisUniversity of Edinburgh | UoE · School of Engineering
Andreas Tsiamis
About
55
Publications
8,866
Reads
How we measure 'reads'
A 'read' is counted each time someone views a publication summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the full-text. Learn more
398
Citations
Publications
Publications (55)
This study presents a novel ammonia sensor using hydro-thermally synthesized ZnO nanowires integrated with a modelocalized coupled resonator. The ZnO nanowires, with their high surface area, act as an efficient gas adsorption layer. The resonator’s driving mechanism was optimized using finite element method (FEM) simulations, revealing that a coupl...
The lab-on-a-chip concept, enabled by microfluidic technology, promises the integration of multiple discrete laboratory techniques into a miniaturised system. Research into microfluidics has generally focused on the development of individual elements of the total system (often with relatively limited functionality), without full consideration for i...
The lab-on-a-chip concept, enabled by microfluidic technology, promises the integration of multi-ple discrete laboratory techniques into a miniaturised system. Research into microfluidics has generally focused on the development of individual elements of the total system (often with rela-tively limited functionality), without full consideration for...
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the biggest cause of death globally. CVD is caused by atherosclerosis which is the accumulation of fatty deposits, often within the fine arteries of the heart or brain. These blockages reduce blood flow and lead to oxygen starvation (ischemia) which can lead to heart attacks and strokes. To treat blocked arteries an...
The anodization of metals is a simple and low cost method of producing metal-oxides. This article discusses the procedure for anodizing tantalum (Ta) and details the characterization of capacitors formed by tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) dielectric. The breakdown field for the un-annealed, 200 °C and 400 °C annealed samples are 5.4, 5.1 and 3.3 MV/cm r...
Self‐Reporting Biosensors
In article number 2105285, John R. Mercer and co‐workers develop an implantable miniaturised sensor and telemetry system that can detect and discern different cell types associated with in stent restenosis, distinguish sub‐plaque components and differentiate blood from blood clot. This work shows that microfabricated senso...
Over the past decade, there has been exponential growth in the per capita rate of medical patients around the world, and this is significantly straining the resources of healthcare institutes. Therefore, the reliance on smart commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) implantable wireless medical devices (IWMDs) is increasing among healthcare institutions to...
Self‐reporting implantable medical devices are the future of cardiovascular healthcare. Cardiovascular complications such as blocked arteries that lead to the majority of heart attacks and strokes are frequently treated with inert metal stents that reopen affected vessels. Stents frequently re‐block after deployment due to a wound response called i...
Die-level thinning, handling, and integration of singulated dies from multi-project wafers (MPW) are often used in research, early-stage development, and prototyping of flexible devices. There is a high demand for thin silicon devices for several applications, such as flexible electronics. To address this demand, we study a novel post-processing me...
Synthetic vascular grafts are used in a wide range of clinical applications. However, they can become prone to occlusion over time, due to growth of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). This phenomenon is associated with graft failure. Here, we describe novel techniques for packaging and integration of a miniature sensor of VSMC growth. The sensor...
The development of robust implantable sensors is important in the successful advancement of personalised medicine as they have the potential to provide in situ real-time data regarding the status of health and disease and the effectiveness of treatment. Tissue pH is a key physiological parameter and herein, we report the design, fabrication, functi...
This paper presents a scalable method of developing ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensors. This is achieved by maximizing sensor conductivity through graphene wrapping of carbonized electrospun nanofibers. The effectiveness of the graphene wrap was determined visually by scanning electron microscopy and chemically by Fourier transform infrared...
This article details and compares the technology options for post-processing foundry produced CMOS at chip-scale to enable More than Moore functionality. In many cases there are attractions in using chip-based processing through the Multi-Project Wafer route that is frequently employed in research, early-stage development and low-volume production....
Hypoxia commonly occurs within tumours and is a major cause of radiotherapy resistance. Clinical outcomes could be improved by locating and selectively increasing the dose delivered to hypoxic regions. Here we describe a miniature implantable sensor for real-time monitoring of tissue oxygenation that could enable this novel treatment approach to be...
Hypoxia commonly occurs within tumours and is a major cause of radiotherapy resistance. Clinical outcomes could be improved by locating and selectively increasing the dose delivered to hypoxic regions. Here we describe a miniature implantable sensor for real-time monitoring of tissue oxygenation that could enable this novel treatment approach to be...
A 128 x 128 single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) motion detection-triggered time-of-flight (ToF) sensor is implemented in STMicroelectronics 40 nm CMOS SPAD foundry process. The sensor combines vision and ToF ranging functions to acquire depth frames only when inter-frame intensity changes are detected. The 40 μm x 20 μm pixels integrate two 16-bit...
With their capacity for real time monitoring and spatial mapping, implantable sensors are becoming an increasingly important aspect of next generation precision healthcare. Microfabricated sensor systems are a popular choice, owing to their capacity for miniaturisation, repeatable mass manufacture, and numerous pre-existing sensor archetypes. Despi...
Nafion is a solid electrolyte polymer that can be used as a sensor membrane in microfabricated electrochemical oxygen sensors. It allows ions to be transported between the sensor electrodes and removes the need for a liquid electrolyte. Here we used a series of small square Nafion test structures, fabricated on a variety of materials using standard...
Poster describe use of a miniature clark electrode for monitoring tissue oxygenation and ischaemia
Recent advances in the fields of electronics and microfabrication techniques have led to the development of implantable medical devices for use within the field of precision medicine. Monitoring visceral surface tissue O2 tension (
P
T
o
2
) by means of an implantable sensor is potentially useful in many clinical situations, including the perio...
Robust and repeatable processes are required to fabricate reference electrodes for micro-scale integrated electrochemical sensors. One method for this is to produce a “silver/silver chloride” (Ag/Agel) electrode through chemical chlorination of a thin film silver layer. This paper presents test structures, which can electrically characterise the pr...
Real‐time monitoring of tumor microenvironment parameters using an implanted biosensor could provide valuable information on the dynamic nature of a tumor's biology and its response to treatment. However, following implantation biosensors may lose functionality due to biofouling caused by the foreign body response (FBR). This study developed a nove...
The Implantable Microsystems for Personalised Anti-Cancer Therapy (IMPACT) project aims to produce an implantable wireless sensor device for monitoring tumour physiology. Real-time measurements will be used to improve radiotherapy by allowing treatment to be responsively delivered at the most effective time and location. We are developing miniaturi...
Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is an imaging technique that reconstructs the conductivity distribution of an inhomogeneous medium and is capable of monitoring physiological changes in biological materials. This paper focuses on comparison of state-of-the-art regularisation methods in solving the image reconstruction problem in micro-scale EI...
Three-dimensional cells structures i.e. cell spheroids exhibit similar physiological properties to cancerous tumours in vivo. They represent a great potential in pharmaceutical drug testing. The conventional way is being done in vitro by optical microscope observation where the cell spheroids need to be fixed prior to measurements. Electrical imped...
We investigate the sensitivity of marine cloud brightening to the properties of the added salt particle distribution using a cloud parcel model, with an aim to address the question of, 'what is the most efficient particle size distribution that will produce a desired cooling effect?' We examine the effect that altering the aerosol particle size dis...
It is generally accepted within the scientific community that anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases are primarily responsible for a recent warming in global climate and that current trajectories of emissions may lead to potentially catastrophic changes in climate. While reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases, and particularly carbon dioxi...
Resistive electrical test structures have been designed to enable the characterization of optical proximity correction (OPC) applied to a right-angled corner in a conducting track. The OPC consists of square serifs that are either added to the outside corner or subtracted from the inner corner. Varying degrees of OPC can be applied by changing the...
Today's Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) is becoming increasingly complex and necessitates that we use smaller and smaller grid sizes to produce the fine patterns required. These small grids lead to significant overhead in data handling and, more importantly, for the tools that will write and inspect the mask, together making the mask extremely e...
Electrical test structures for the characterisation of Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) have been fabricated in thin aluminium using i-line lithography and reactive ion etching. Initial electrical measurements are presented which show an increase in the resistance of a right angled section of Al track as the level of OPC on the inside corner is i...
Existing photomask metrology is struggling to keep pace with the rapid reduction of
IC dimensions as traditional measurement techniques are being stretched to their
limits. This thesis examines the use of on-mask probable electrical test structures
and measurement techniques to meet this challenge and to accurately characterise
the imaging capabili...
Today's Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) is becoming increasingly complex and necessitates using smaller and smaller grid sizes to produce the fine patterns required. These small grids lead to very high overhead in data handling, as well as for the tools that will write and inspect the mask; which together make masks extremely expensive. For two...
Electrical test structures have been designed to enable the characterisation of corner serif forms of optical proximity correction. These structures measure the resistance of a conducting track with a right angled corner. Varying amounts of OPC have been applied to the outer and inner corners of the feature and the effect on the resistance of the t...
The effects of the GHOST proximity correction process on chrome-on-quartz photomasks can prove difficult to quantify and so they are not routinely characterised. This paper presents a methodology for addressing this issue using electrical test structures designed to measure dimensional mismatch. In the past these have been used successfully to char...
This paper compares electrical, optical, and atomic force microscope (AFM) measurements of critical dimension (CD) made on a chrome on quartz photomask. Test structures suitable for direct, on-mask electrical probing have been measured using the above three techniques. These include cross-bridge linewidth structures and pairs of Kelvin bridge resis...
This paper presents a comparison of optical and electrical techniques for critical dimension (CD) metrology on binary and alternating aperture phase-shifting masks. Measurements obtained from on-mask electrical CD structures are compared with optical measurements made using a deep ultraviolet mask metrology system. The results show that the presenc...
This paper compares electrical, optical and AFM measurements of critical dimension (CD) made on a chrome on quartz photomask. Test structures suitable for direct, on-mask electrical probing have been measured using the three techniques and the results show very good agreement between the electrical measurements and those made with a calibrated CD-A...
This paper reports the measurement results from a set of electrical, on-mask test structures based on industry standard test feature layouts normally used to investigate process proximity effects and improve optical proximity correction (OPC) models. The electrical test structures were fabricated on a binary photomask using the GHOST proximity corr...
This paper presents results from the use of electrical measurements to investigate dimensional mismatch in an advanced photomask process. Test structures consisting of matched pairs of Kelvin resistors have been measured and the results analysed to obtain information about the capability of the mask making process. The mask plate used in this work...
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has a multifaceted program in atomic force microscope (AFM) dimensional metrology. Three major instruments are being used for traceable measurements. The first is a custom in-house metrology AFM, called the calibrated AFM (C-AFM), the second is the first generation of commercially available...
This paper describes the design and measurement of electrically measured test structures for the characterisation of dimensional mismatch in an advanced photomask making process. Test structures consisting of pairs of Kelvin connected bridge resistors have been fabricated on a chrome-on-quartz photomask plate. These have been electrically measured...
The standard approach to generate the data required for automated proximity correction is to measure a set of patterned features using an optical tool or a critical dimension scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM). This paper describes the design of a set of on-mask electrical test structures to perform the same task which has a number of attraction...
Simple electrical test structures have been designed that will allow the characterisation of corner serif forms of optical proximity correction. The structures measure the resistance of a short length of conducting track with a right angled corner. Varying amounts of OPC can be applied to the outer and inner corners of the feature and the effect on...
This paper presents a comparison of optical and electrical techniques for critical dimension (CD) metrology on binary and alternating aperture phase shifting masks. For the first time, measurements obtained from on-mask electrical CD structures are compared with optical measurements made using a deep ultra-violet (DUV) mask metrology system. Initia...