Andreas Kroh

Naturhistorisches Museum Wien · Department of Geology and Palaentology

Scientific publications provide a wealth of peer-reviewed, high-quality data that have been maintained over time, resulting in data persistence. As data repositories with rich provenance information, publications are indispensable sources for the integration and extension of networks of interlinked Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (...

The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) started in 2007 with the question “how many species live in our oceans?”. Now, a little over 15 years later, WoRMS is able to answer several questions related to marine species discovery rates and provides a dynamic number of existing marine species, based on the information provided by hundreds of taxon...

Asexual reproduction by means of splitting, also called fissiparity, is a common feature in some asterozoan groups, especially in ophiactid brittle stars. Most fissiparous brittle stars show six instead of the usual five rays, live as epibionts on host organisms, and use clonal fragmentation to rapidly colonize secluded habitats and effectively exp...

Das NHM Wien beherbergt in seinen Sammlungen eine Vielzahl von Objekten und Archivalien – rund 30 Millionen sind es nach Schätzungen der Kurator*innen. In einem vom BMKÖS unterstützten Projekt wird ein Teil davon der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich gemacht

Accurate taxonomy and descriptions of species are key to understanding biodiversity. The echinoid genus Tripneustes is an ecologically and commercially important taxon that includes the tropical Tripneustes gratilla gratilla and the recently described T. kermadecensis from Australia and New Zealand. While examining the Australian Museum collections...

Taxonomic data are a scientific common. Unlike nomenclature, which has strong governance institutions, there are currently no generally accepted governance institutions for the compilation of taxonomic data into an accepted global list. This gap results in challenges for conservation, ecological research, policymaking, international trade, and othe...

Several levels of the Lorraine Group (Upper Ordovician) in upstate New York (USA) have yielded low-diversity, exceptionally preserved, pyritized invertebrate assemblages dominated by the trilobite Triarthrus eatoni. Sedimentological and taphonomic features suggest dysoxic bottom-water conditions, with limited transport and rapid burial by distal tu...

Supplementary materials - Phylogeny, ancestral ranges and reclassification of sand dollars

Classification of the Class Echinoidea is under significant revision in light of emerging molecular phylogenetic evidence. In particular, the sister-group relationships within the superorder Luminacea (Echinoidea: Irregularia) have been considerably updated. However, the placement of many families remains largely unresolved due to a series of incon...

The Eastern Mediterranean Sea is an exceptional habitat. Its relative isolation and distinct characteristics create a unique ecosystem recognized as a marine biodiversity hot spot, where one-fifth of the species are endemic. Yet, native Mediterranean biodiversity is under increasing threat, mainly due to massive alien species invasions of Indo-Paci...

We present an exhaustive survey of the geological-paleontological collection of the Natural History Museum Vienna (Austria) based on 353,704 objects acquired from 1919 to 2019. The data encompass information on geographic origin, provenance, stakeholders and mode of acquisition. Special focus is laid on the interwar period from 1919 to 1938, the Na...

Loose limestone blocks of a newly recognized hydrocarbon-seep deposit from the lower Oligocene Jansen Creek Member of the Makah Formation were collected on a beach terrace close to the mouth of Bullman Creek in Washington State, USA. The limestone consists largely of authigenic carbonate phases, including 13 C-depleted fibrous cement forming banded...

Line Intercept Transects (LIT), Point Intercept Transects (PIT), and Photoquadrats (PQ) are the most common quantitative sampling techniques in modern and fossil coral reefs. Data from coral reefs obtained by the different methods are generally compared between various reef ages and localities. Quaternary reefs from warmer interglacial periods, whi...

The paper summarises many years of discussions and experience of biodiversity publishers, organisations, research projects and individual researchers, and proposes recommendations for implementation of persistent identifiers for article metadata, structural elements (sections, subsections, figures, tables, references, supplementary materials and ot...

The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), The Interagency Taxonomic Information System (ITIS, Report Taxonomic Serial No 157821), and Wikispecies all identify Leske (1778) as the author of the taxon Echinoidea. They base this attribution on the synonymy of Durham et al. (1966: U297) who stated “Class ECHINOIDEA Leske, 1778 [nom. transl. Bronn,...

Millepora, a hydrozoan coral, is a common component in modern tropical reefs throughout the world. In ecological and palaeoecological surveys, it is often grouped with scleractinian corals, which are the prevailing builders of coral reefs. On modern, current-exposed reefs in the Red Sea, Millepora can become the dominant coral. However, it is rarel...

ÁVILA S.P., R.S. RAMALHO, C.M. DA SILVA, M.E. JOHNSON, A. UCHMAN, B. BERNING, R. QUARTAU, P. MADEIRA, C.S. MELO, A.C. REBELO, L. BAPTISTA, S. ARRUDA, E. GONZÁLEZ, M.W. RASSER, A. HIPÓLITO, R. CORDEIRO, R. MEIRELES, V. RAPOSO, J. POMBO, R. CÂMARA, M.X. KIRBY, J. TITSCHACK, J.M. HABERMANN, R. VULLO, A. KROH, J.H. LIPPS, M. CACHÃO & J. MADEIRA, 2022....

In this document the NHMW rolls out in which areas the museum already contributes and can contribute to implement Open Science in its processes and products, which resources are necessary, and which already have been aquired, mainly in the form of third party funded projects. The key contribution is linked to its global responsibility regarding the...

Echinoids are key components of modern marine ecosystems. Despite a remarkable fossil record, the emergence of their crown group is documented by few specimens of unclear affinities, rendering their early history uncertain. The origin of sand dollars, one of its most distinctive clades, is also unclear due to an unstable phylogenetic context. We em...

Background The growing interest in mineral resources of the deep sea, such as seafloor massive sulphide deposits, has led to an increasing number of exploration licences issued by the International Seabed Authority. In the Indian Ocean, four licence areas exist, resulting in an increasing number of new hydrothermal vent fields and the discovery of...

Auch nach mehreren Jahrzehnten der Erforschung wartet die egerische Transgressionsabfolge von Unterrudling bei Eferding (Oberösterreich), welche den Übergang der Flachwasserablagerungen der Linz-Melk Formation zu den Tiefwassersedimenten der Eferding Formation (EF) umfasst, noch mit Überraschungen auf. So war kurzzeitig eine Schicht in der siltig-t...

Annual report 2020 of the Natural History Museum Vienna

Echinoids are key components of modern marine ecosystems. Despite a remarkable fossil record, the emergence of their crown group is documented by few specimens of unclear affinities, rendering their early history uncertain. The origin of sand dollars, one of its most distinctive clades, is also unclear due to an unstable phylogenetic context. We em...

The North Alpine Foreland Basin (NAFB) comprises one of the most complete sedimentary records of the Oligocene and Miocene. Driven by global sea-level fluctuations, vast sedimentary influx and tectonic movement. The locality of Unterrudling near Eferding (Upper Austria) exposes the largest succession of sedimentary deposits from the late Oligocene...

A single 27 m² spatangoid-dominated bed yielding 65 specimens from the Punta Entrada Member of the Monte León Formation was studied. Most of the fossils were preserved oral side down, with clusters of spines attached to the tests, showing no evidence of preburial transport. The deposit is interpreted as the result of sedimentation in a subtidal env...

Despite the remarkable diversity and abundance of the modern alpheid shrimps, the fossil record of this group is sparse. However, despite their relatively small size, the fingertips of the snapping claws of Alpheus Fabricius, 1798 have a high fossilisation potential and the preserved structures are highly characteristic. Dactylar and pollex fingert...

Extreme morphologies are often found in extreme conditions. Many commonalities exist in the morphology of deep and shallow-water sea urchins, but different evolutionary histories and adaptations to living at great depths have created peculiar and divergent morphologies within deep-sea sea urchins. These are highlighted alongside a list of families...

The rich fossil record of echinoids documents their 460 million years long evolutionary history and provides a treasure trove for phylogenetic studies. The multielement high-magnesium calcite skeleton of echinoids offers a huge range of phylogenetically useful information applicable to both extant and fossil specimens. This allows seamless integrat...

Four species of chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) described by Sandberger and Rolle from the Oligocene of Germany and France are discussed and illustrated, providing for the first time SEM-images of the type-material and translations of the original descriptions. The material studied includes the holotype of Chiton modestus Rolle, 1862 and syntype...

Fifty-eight echinoid species from 22 families in nine orders were collected from middle and southern Japan. One species, Aeropsis fulva, is reported here for the first time from Japan, and four species, Mespilia levituberculata, Pseudoboletia maculata, Lissodiadema purpureum and Echinodiscus tenuissimus require systematic re-examination.

In 2017 we started a project to analyze the ecology and phylogeny of western Pacific echinoids. As the first step, we are establishing methods to infer their phylogenetic relationships using molecular data; we developed effective methods to obtain complete mitochondrial DNA sequences, and determined their effectiveness in phylogenetic analysis. We...

Morphologic and molecular data often lead to different hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships. This is also true in the echinoderm class Echinoidea. In particular, the phylogenetic status of the order Clypeasteroida is not well resolved. Complete mitochondrial genomes are currently available for 29 echinoid species, but no clypeasteroid has been...

In more than 150 years of research in the waters surrounding the Azores, several publications on the fauna of echinoderms of the archipelago have been produced, in the form of papers, notes, reports, reviews, and monographs. This work attempts to summarize the present knowledge on this marine group in the Azorean exclusive economic zone (i.e., wate...

In more than 150 years of research in the waters surrounding the Azores, several publications on the fauna of echinoderms of the archipelago have been produced, in the form of papers, notes, reports, reviews, and monographs. This work attempts to summarize the present knowledge on this marine group in the Azorean exclusive economic zone (i.e., wate...

Hazards and disasters have occurred throughout Earth's History and thus the geological record is an important resource for understanding future hazards and disasters and its Impact. The Earth Science Group (ESG) of the Consortium of European Taxonomic Facilities (CETAF) carried out a “Hazard and Disaster Event Survey” to identify Earth Science coll...

Hazards and disasters have occurred throughout Earth's History and thus the geological record is an important resource for understanding future hazards and disasters. The Earth Science Group (ESG) of the Consortium of European Taxonomic Facilities (CETAF) carried ‡ § | ¶ # ¤ «,» ˄ ˅ ‡ ¦ ‡ © Tilley L et al. This is an open access article distributed...

Sea urchins of the genus Tripneustes are among the most abundant and ecologically important pan-tropical marine invertebrates. Recognized as potent ecosystem engineers due to their intense grazing of macroalgae and sea grass and highly valued for their gonads, wild populations of Tripneustes are commercially exploited for fisheries and aquaculture....

Viele Millionen Sammlungsobjekte in den Depots des NHM Wien dokumentieren die Vielfalt des Lebens und das Schaffen ver-gangener Kulturen. Sie sind eine unbezahl-bare Informationsquelle für Forscherinnen und Forscher aller Nationalitäten und Dis-ziplinen. Die Wissenschafterinnen und Wissenschafter des Museums, Studierende und Lehrende der österrei-c...

The earliest information on Sri Lankan echinoid species belonging to the Irregularia dates back to Alexander Agassiz (1872). However, the current knowledge of diversity and distribution of irregular echinoids from Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon) remains sparse. In addition, there are no recent taxonomic studies or biodiversity surveys for irregular ech...

The first recorded regular echinoid species from Sri Lanka, "Salmacis virgulatus" (now known as S. virgulata L. Agassiz in L. Agassiz & Desor, 1846), was listed by Agassiz & Desor (1846). Knowledge of Sri Lankan regular echinoids continued to advance until the end of the 19 th century. However, there is a gap in knowledge between the mid-20 th and...

Alpheid shrimps, colloquially referred to as “pistol shrimps”, exhibit a remarkable anatomical adaptation. These tiny marine crustaceans use their enlarged and highly modified claw to ‘shoot’ at their prey-hence their name. It is astonishing that the snapping claw evolved at least 30 million years ago. How do we know that? Because the fossils tell...

Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778), a widespread tropical echinoid and key herbivore in shallow water environments is currently expanding in the Mediterranean Sea. It was introduced by unknown means and first observed in southern Turkey in 2006. From there it spread eastwards to Lebanon (2009) and westwards to the Aegean Sea (2014). Since late 2016 spor...

The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) is a sustainable model of international collaboration around a centralised database that provides expert validated biodiversity data freely online. This model could be replicated for the over 1.2 million terrestrial and freshwater species to improve quality control and data management in biology and ecol...

From Czech middle Miocene (Langhian; Badenian) localities a number of isolated cheliped fingers of decapod crustaceans were identified. Material was collected from Kienberg in the northern Vienna Basin and Hluchov in the south-eastern Carpathian Foreland Basin. In the present contribution cheliped fingers from these localities are documented by SEM...

Research Infrastructures (RIs) are facilities, resources and services used by the scientific community to conduct research and foster innovation. LifeWatch ERIC has developed various virtual research environments, which include many virtual laboratories (vLabs) offering high computational capacity and comprehensive collaborative platforms that supp...

Research Infrastructures (RIs) are facilities, resources and services used by the scientific community to conduct research and foster innovation. LifeWatch ERIC has developed various virtual research environments, which include many virtual laboratories (vLabs) offering high computational capacity and comprehensive collaborative platforms that supp...

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) commits its 196 nation parties to conserve biological diversity, use its components sustainably, and share fairly and equitably the benefits from the utilization of genetic resources. The last of these objectives was further codified in the Convention's Nagoya Protocol (NP), which came into effect in 201...

Background: In Metazoa, mitochondrial markers are the most commonly used targets for inferring species-level molecular phylogenies due to their extremely low rate of recombination, maternal inheritance, ease of use and fast substitution rate in comparison to nuclear DNA. The mitochondrial control region (CR) is the main non-coding area of the mito...

The first mitochondrial genome of the model echinoid Lytechinus variegatus and insights into Odontophoran phylogenetics - Supplementary data

The purpose of this application, under Article 23.9.3 of the Code, is to conserve the widely used generic name Stenonaster Lambert, 1922 (Echinoidea, StenonaSteridae). The name Stenonaster is threatened by its senior objective synonym Stenocorys Lambert, 1917, that was erroneously considered a junior homonym of Stenocoris Burmeister, 1839 (Arthropo...

The World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) celebrated its 10th anniversary in 2017. WoRMS is a unique database: there is no comparable global database for marine species, which is driven by a large, global expert community, is supported by a Data Management Team and can rely on a permanent host institute, dedicated to keeping WoRMS online. Over t...

Assembly of publically available next-generation sequence data facilitated the generation of three camarodont echinoid mitogenomes: two for the Green Urchin (Lytechinus variegatus) and one for the Red Urchin (Mesocentrotus franciscanus). The data generated are exploited in a phylogenomic analysis of the superfamily Odontophora, originally proposed...

Research Infrastructures (RIs) are facilities, resources and services used by the scientific community to conduct research and foster innovation. LifeWatch ERIC has developed various virtual research environments, which include many virtual laboratories (vLabs) offering high computational capacity and comprehensive collaborative platforms that supp...

The World Register of Marine Species aims to provide the most authoritative list of names of all marine species, ever published through a freely available online portal. In 2017, WoRMS celebrated its 10 th anniversary. This was an excellent opportunity to both look backward and forward, by analyzing how the system has grown, how it is used and how...

The World Register of Marine Species aims to provide the most authoritative list of names of all marine species, ever published through a freely available online portal. In 2017, WoRMS celebrated its 10 th anniversary. This was an excellent opportunity to both look backward and forward, by analyzing how the system has grown, how it is used and how...

Morphometric characters of fossil leaves such as size and shape are important and widely used sources for reconstructing palaeoenvironments. Various tools, including CLAMP or Leaf Margin Analysis, utilize leaf traits as input parameters for estimating palaeoclimate, mostly based on correlations between traits and climate parameters of extant plants...