Andreas Rainer Jordan

• Professor
• Research Director at Institut der Deutschen Zahnärzte

Objective This is the first part of a report on tooth loss in Germany 1997–2030. Here, we describe trends in the prevalence of tooth loss in adults and seniors 1997–2014, assess predictive factors for tooth loss and projected it into 2030. Material and methods Data of the cross-sectional, multi-center, nationally representative German Oral Health...

Objective This is the second part of a report on tooth loss in Germany 1997–2030. Here, we describe trends in the prevalence of edentulism in seniors 1997–2014, assess predictive factors for edentulism, and projected it into 2030.Material and methodsWe used data from three waves of the cross-sectional, multi-center, nationwide representative German...

Objectives To define an expert Delphi consensus on when to intervene in the caries process and existing carious lesions. Methods Non-systematic literature synthesis, expert Delphi consensus process and expert panel conference. Results Lesion activity, cavitation and cleansability determine intervention thresholds. Inactive lesions do not require tr...

Objectives The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) is a measure of intra-subject clustering effects. A priori estimates of the ICC and the associated design effect (DE) are required for sample size estimation in clustered studies, and should be considered during their analysis, too. We aimed to determine the clustering effects of carious lesi...

Objectives We aimed to predict the usage of dental services in Germany from 2000 to 2015 based on epidemiologic and demographic data, and to compare these predictions against claims within the statutory health insurance. Methods Indicators for operative (number of coronally decayed or filled teeth, root surface caries lesions, and fillings), prost...

Objectives To define an expert Delphi consensus on when to intervene in the caries process and on existing carious lesions using non- or micro-invasive, invasive/restorative or mixed interventions. Methods Non-systematic literature synthesis, expert Delphi consensus process and expert panel conference. Results Carious lesion activity, cavitation...

The aims of this study were to assess the trends in dental caries experience in the permanent dentition (i.e., the number of decayed, missing, or filled teeth, DMFT) in Germany from 1997–2014 and to project caries experience to 2030. Components of caries experience (decayed teeth, DT, missing teeth, MT, filled teeth, FT) from repeated waves (1997,...

Objective With more teeth retained for longer in an ageing population, population‐wide periodontal treatment needs may increase. We assessed and projected periodontal treatment needs from 1997 to 2030 in Germany. Methods Partial‐mouth probing‐pocket depths (PPD) from repeated waves (1997, 2005, 2014) of the nationally‐representative German Oral He...

Zusammenfassung Karies und Parodontitis sind die Haupterkrankungen der Zahnmedizin und gehören zu den häufigsten chronischen Erkrankungen. Am Beispiel der Karies veranschaulicht der Beitrag exemplarisch die Wirksamkeit von bevölkerungsweiten Präventionsstrategien: Dank der Einführung von Individual- und Gruppenprophylaxe sowie fluoridiertem Speises...

Objective To investigate effectiveness of systematic periodontal treatment in the long term in HIV-infected patients undergoing highly active antiretroviral treatment. Methods Longitudinal, prospective, open-label case series over a period of nine years. Periodontal treatment was performed by scaling and root planing and supportive periodontal car...

Introduction: We assessed time trends in root caries experience, i.e. the sum of filled and carious root surfaces (FRS, CRS), and evaluated risk indicators of FRS/CRS in Germany. Methods: FRS and CRS from repeated waves (1997, 2005, 2014) of the nationally-representative German Oral Health Studies were analyzed in 35-44- and 65-74-year-olds (adu...

Background: The aim of this study was to collect information on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in people with rare diseases. Methods: A questionnaire comprising free text questions and the German version of the standardized Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire on OHRQoL was developed. All participants who indicated or...

The aim of this study was to investigate the anticaries effect of fluoridated salt in a communal feeding program for preschool children. In the Gambian city of Brikama, drinking water had a low fluoride content (0.1 mg F-/L) and young children did not use toothpaste for oral hygiene. Its 2 preschools served as clusters for the trial. Random allocat...

Background Little is known regarding young and future dentists’ career choices, professional identity, and working conditions in Germany. While the dental healthcare environment and demands in treatment are changing, it remains unclear what job perceptions young dentists have developed at the beginning of their work life and if and how these percep...

Background The Institute of German Dentists (IDZ) carried out the First German Oral Health Study (DMS I) in 1989 laying the foundations for ongoing socio-epidemiological moni-toring of oral health and dental care in Germany. This survey’s new fifth edition (DMS V) delivers updated oral epidemiology data for 2014, which has been collected in accord...

To determine whether the selection of retrograde filling material or the choice of instruments in root tip resection influences the seal of the retrograde root filling. Seventy-two single-rooted teeth were used. Root resection was performed using a Lindemann bone cutter, a Lindemann bone cutter with A-shaped cutting design or a diamond-coated bur....

Pflegebedürftigkeit hat auch einen Einfluss auf die Mundgesundheit, wie vereinzelte lokale nationale und internationale Studien immer wieder gezeigt haben. Da es in Deutschland heute ca. 2,6 Mio. pflegebedürftige Menschen gibt, hat die Fünfte Deutsche Mundgesundheitsstudie (DMS V) Menschen mit Pflegebedarf einbezogen. Die DMS V untersuchte bundeswe...

In Germany, caries of young people has been declining since the late 1980s, while the prevalence of early childhood caries has remained steady. Data from a number of regional studies suggest a current prevalence between 10% and 15%. However, there is a dearth of longitudinal observational study data on the risk of caries in the permanent teeth of p...

Objectives: Assessing the spatial distribution of oral morbidity-related demand and the workforce-related supply is relevant for planning dental services. We aimed to establish and validate a model for estimating the spatially specific demand and supply. This model was then applied to compare demand-supply ratios in 2001 and 2011 in the federal sta...

Background: Statutory health insurance dentists working in private practice have a duty to maintain and improve the quality of dental care. An individual practice's approach to quality management (QM) can be made to reflect the practice's philosophy on quality and standards and can be adapted to the specific requirements of the practice setting th...

Objectives: To plan dental services, a spatial estimation of future demands and supply is required. We aimed at estimating demand and supply in 2030 in Northern Germany based on the expected local socio-demography and oral-health-related morbidity, and the predicted number of dentists and their working time. Methods: All analyses were performed...

Worldwide, non-communicable diseases including dental caries and periodontal diseases, remain a major public health problem. Moreover, there is a social gradient in health across society that runs from the top to the bottom in a linear, stepwise fashion. Health promoting behaviours become more difficult to sustain further down the social ladder. Or...

This article provides an overview of relevant terminology associated with health care research, as well as its theoretical and structural concepts. A comparative analysis of the historical developments that have shaped this area of research is followed by a look at the current situation that exists in terms of practical, legal, and political issues...

Oral diseases rank among the most prevalent non-communicable diseases in modern societies. In Germany, oral epidemiological data show that both dental caries and periodontal diseases are highly prevalent, though significant improvements in oral health has been taking in the population within the last decades, particularly in children. It is, theref...

AimWe aimed to assess changes of periodontal status in Germany.Materials and Methods The Studies of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) are two cross-sectional population-based studies conducted during 1997-2001 (SHIP-0, 20-81 years, n=3736) and 2008-2012 (SHIP-Trend, 20-84 years, n=3622) in northeast Germany. The German Oral Health Studies (DMS, 35-44 and...

Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of two alcohol-free antimicrobial mouthrinses in reducing plaque and gingivitis compared to an alcohol-containing rinse and toothbrushing alone.Methods One hundred and sixty healthy volunteers were enrolled in the randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomly and equally assigned to four groups: (i) too...

AimHighly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been associated with alterations in subgingival biofilm and periodontal disease. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between different HAART regimens and the prevalence of periodontal pathogens in HIV-infected patients with chronic periodontitis.Methods Subgingival...

Objective: Despite improved prevention, white spot lesions (WSL) occur in over 60% of the teeth after fixed orthodontic appliances. Information about effectiveness of various treatment methods is inconsistent. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to measure the effectiveness of two different treatment approaches: caries infiltration as a ch...

Objective: To evaluate the marginal quality of class-II bulk-fill composite restorations with different adhesive techniques in a SEM in vitro study. Method: One all-in-one adhesive (Futurabond U; Voco,) with a lightcuring composite (X-tra fil; Voco) was evaluated in its ability to restore class-II cavities with focus on the cervical margin in...

Objective: Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) was associated with alterations in subgingival biofilm and periodontal disease. It was the purpose of this study to investigate the association between different HAART regimens and the prevalence of periodontal pathogens in HIV-infected patients with chronic periodontitis in a case series....

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of basic root canal treatment (BRT) with tactile working length determination in terms of radiographic and clinical outcome parameters compared with endodontic treatment with standard radiographic working length control. This was a clinical, multicenter, controlled, open-label trial to...

The aim of this study was to use a non-tactile optical measurement system to assess the effects of three bleaching agents' concentrations on the surface roughness of dental restoration materials. Two composites (Grandio, Venus) and one glass ionomer cement (Ketac Fil Plus) were used in this in vitro study. Specimens were treated with three differen...

There was a growing need for practical guidelines for the most common OIs in Germany and Austria under consideration of the local epidemiological conditions. The German and Austrian AIDS societies developed these guidelines between March 2010 and November 2011. A structured Medline research was performed for 12 diseases, namely Immune reconstitutio...

Objective: A simplified Basic Root canal Treatment (BRT) was developed and firstly adopted to close the gap between dental caries intervention with the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) and early tooth extraction in low-income countries in 2006. This was a clinical, controlled, open-label trial to evaluate the effectiveness of endodontically...

Objective: Composite reached gold-standard in dentistry. While modified for fast and easy bulk-technique application, little is known about resistance against external influences, e.g. daily brushing. It was therefore the aim of this study to assess surface roughness of bulk-fill composites in comparison to a conventional hybrid composite after a f...

Background: The National cross-sectional German Oral Health Studies (´Deutsche Mundgesundheitsstudien´ (DMS)) have been conducted since 1989 at regular intervals providing crucial epidemiological data of oral diseases and behavioral and social effects in Germany. Objective: Against the background of demographic trends and modified diagnostic crit...

To investigate interproximal biofilm reduction with an angled interdental brush as compared to a straight interdental brush (standard control) in a clinical, single-centre, single-blind, controlled, parallel-group trial. Recruitment and examinations of the subjects were performed at the Witten/Herdecke University School of Dental Medicine. 128 volu...

Objectives: Beside highly esthetic composite and ceramic dental restorations, there are additional needs for time-saving cost-effective direct restorations in clinical dentistry. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of a light-curing multi-hybrid composite (x-tra fil; VOCO, Cuxhaven, GER) compared with a chemical curing composite (alfacopmp, VOCO, Cuxha...

Because oral health among residents of German nursing homes is inadequate, this intervention study evaluated the effects of dental training for nurses and nursing assistants (RN and RA) in homes for the elderly on their assessment of oral health in residents and, as a consequence, on the status of residents' oral health. 53 residents and the RNs an...

Different fluoride formulations may have different effects on caries prevention. It was the aim of this clinical study to assess the fluoride content, provided by NaF compared to amine fluoride, in saliva and plaque. Eight trained volunteers brushed their teeth in the morning for 3 minutes with either NaF or amine fluoride, and saliva and 3-day-pla...

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of two alcohol-free antimicrobial mouthrinses in reducing plaque and gingivitis compared to an alcohol-containing rinse and toothbrushing alone. Methods: 160 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the parallel-design examiner-blind study. After screening and stratification by sex and papillary bleeding index (PBI),...

Objectives: Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection may exhibit impaired oral status due to either HIV-related oral diseases or adverse oral drug reactions following a lifelong highly-active-anti-retroviral-therapy (HAART), which might affect their quality of life. This study assessed the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQ...

Objectives: Individual prophylaxis at regular intervals is able to stop dental caries and periodontal disease progression. It was the aim of this study to compare dental caries indices to determine the most comprehensive index for illustration prophylaxis success. Methods: Dental history of 140 patients were analysed in a retrospective study. Half...

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of manual toothbrushes of the same type with different bristle stiffness concerning plaque removal, gingivitis development, and soft tissue trauma. In a randomized controlled trial, three groups with 40 subjects each used manual toothbrushes with either hard-, medium-, or soft-bristle stiffness....

To document oral hygiene and periodontal conditions in the rural population of The Gambia. Cross-sectional study according to the recommendations of the WHO for oral health surveys. Examination by two calibrated investigators in the health centres of rural communities after a public radio call. Patients were randomly allocated to the investigators....

Background: Until the early nineties of the last century, a multi-tufted toothbrush with flat trim and parallel arranged end rounded bristles was regarded as optimal. Power toothbrushes were not popular. Recently the understanding of manual and power toothbrushes has basically changed and new findings were introduced in new products. Method: Manual...

To determine the fluoride concentrations of commercial dentifrices marketed in West Africa. Design: In vitro measurement of the total fluoride concentration by liquid gas chromatography, and of the free fluoride concentration with a fluoride sensitive electrode. Setting: Collection of fluoride dentifrices in public markets and supermarkets in and a...

Atraumatic restorative treatment, developed in the mid 1980s, was a milestone in primary oral health care in developing countries. In 2001, the basic package of oral care was implemented in Gambia (West Africa) by training nurses to become community oral health workers. It was therefore the aim of this study to evaluate the processes of the operati...

This observational study assessed the effectiveness of class III restorations using the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) approach in permanent anterior teeth over a 48-month period. Dental auxiliaries placed a total of 117 class III ART restorations in 2004, using a cosmetically improved glass-ionomer (Ionofil® Plus; VOCO, Cuxhafen, Germany),...

Objective: Since the oral biofilm is an essential etiological factor for caries and gingivitis, efficient plaque removal is an important measure to prevent these diseases. In developing countries, like in West Africa, expanding markets promote behavioral changes in oral hygiene from traditional toward manual toothbrushes. It was therefore the aim o...

Tooth whitening has been associated with splitting-up chromogenic molecules by hydrogen peroxides. Though micromorphological alterations are well documented, little is known about optical changes as a function of shifting in wavelengths. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to measure reflectance changes after bleaching in vitro by using a s...

Oral health care is not of major interest in developing countries because of lack of infrastructure and professional manpower. Therefore, atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) was introduced by the World Health Organization to be performed by dental auxiliary personnel. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of ART depending on oper...

Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) was a major step forward in community dentistry but treatment options for deep carious lesions or pulp involvement still focus on tooth extraction in under-served areas worldwide. To bridge the gap between ART and extraction this pilot study aimed to develop and follow-up a basic root canal treatment for rural...

Objectives: In contrast to traditional drug kinetics, the bioavailability of fluoride at teeth depends on exogenic influences. Therefore, it was the aim of this clinical study to assess the F ˉ content, provided by saliva soluble DENTTABS compared to dentifrice ELMEX, in saliva and plaque. Methods: Five trained volunteers brushed their teeth in the...

Changing food patterns in combination with ineffective oral hygiene measures and insufficient bioavailability of fluoride from drinking water and other sources seem to impair the dental health status in developing countries, especially in the younger population. Therefore, preventive programmes in controlling dental caries progression should be bas...

Academic dental education and dental services all over the country are hardly provided in less-developed countries. The main diseases in dentistry, caries and periodontitis, can cause severe health conditions after long periods of easy access to treatment. By then the level of social safety and economic survival of extended families can be seriousl...

The aim of the present study was to assess microroughness changes of enamel surfaces after bleaching procedures with 10% and 16% concentrations of carbamide peroxide by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Twenty caries-free incisors, extracted for periodontitis reasons, were sectioned into two halves of experimental and control specimens. The teeth...

The success of antiretroviral therapy leads to a chronification of HIV-infection resulting in a decline of lethality. The lifelong intake of antiinfectives, though, may result in drug side effects with clinical dental implications. Despite fundamental cellular alterations, including prolonged hemorrhage following surgical interventions, antiretrovi...

Since the worldwide HIV/AIDS epidemic started, various oral manifestations have been described. However, scientific assessment of therapeutic outcomes of chronic periodontitis in HIV-seropositive patients, in particular undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), has not been addressed. 22 patients divided into a HIV-1-seropositve test...

Objectives: Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) is a major step forward in early caries treatment in under-served communities. Nevertheless, tooth extraction is still the most commonly used dental treatment in those communities. To bridge the gap between early caries treatment with ART and tooth extraction, it was the aim of this study to develo...

Biology is based on evolution; therefore, eu-cariotes like plants, animals and human beings are living in harmony with their procariote an-cestors. If this is obviously the normal way of life, then pathobiology follows the same basic principles. The highly complex harmony of the living world may be disrupted, and a punctuated disease starts which i...