Andrea Capra

RCF S.p.A.

The urban landscape is constantly changing: habits and customs of the people, transportation, residential areas and industrial ones change themselves. From “visual” point of view, the number of media that allow us to keep track of the changes (photo and video) increases but it’s not the same for the “acoustic” point of view. Almost all sounds and n...

This paper presents the mathematical and physical framework of a new technology, named SPS (Spatial PCM Sampling): it is the equivalent, in a two-dimensional spherical-coordinate space, of the traditional PCM representation of a waveform (in the one-dimensional time domain). It is nowadays possible to record an SPS multichannel stream (also called...

In order to find a possible correlation of objectiv e parameters and subjective descriptors of the acou stic of theatres, auditoria or music hall, and so to perform meaningf ul listening tests, we need to find a reliable 3D a udio system which should give the correct perception of the dis tances, a good localization all around the listener and a na...

A new method for recording the spatial properties of a soundfield, or for generating a synthetic three-dimensional soundfield, is described. The spatial distribution of sound waves passing at a point in space is sampled by means of a number of virtual super- directive microphones, covering almost uniformly the surface of a sphere. This corresponds...

1. Il teatro (da [1]) Il Teatro alla Scala di Milano, citato spesso semplicemente come La Scala, oltre ad essere uno dei teatri più famosi al mondo è conosciuto come "il tempio della lirica"; si-tuato in una delle piazze maggiormente frequentate ed eleganti della città, l'omoni-ma Piazza della Scala, dalla quale prende appunto il nome. L'attuale st...

1. Il teatro (da [1,2]) Il Teatro Municipale di Reggio Emilia, intitolato oggi a Romolo Valli, sorge su una delle più importanti piazze cittadine, sulla quale si affacciano l'altro teatro cittadino, il Teatro Ariosto, la Galleria San Rocco e i Giardini Pubblici. Il Teatro Municipale è un teatro d'opera e concerti. Figura 1 – Sala e facciata del Tea...

The authors developed a new measurement system, which captures 32-channels impulse responses by means of a spherical microphone array and a matrix of FIR filters, capable of proving frequency-independent directivity patterns. This allows for spatial analysis with resolution much higher than what was possible with obsolete sum-and-delay beamforming....

Con questo lavoro di ricerca si è cercato di individuare la strada migliore per effettuare test d’ascolto affidabili, che permettano di valutare l’acustica di teatri o sale da concerto confrontandole, in tempo reale, tra loro. Per questo l’attenzione si è focalizzata sulle capacità uditive degli ascoltatori, e sui sistemi di riascolto tridimensiona...

Traditional methods for measuring impulse responses in rooms provide detailed time and frequency resolution, but very poor spatial information. On the other hand, when a disturbing echo or discrete reflection is found, it would be very useful to be able to understand its exact direction-of-arrival. And detailed spatial information is also required...

Traditional impulse response measurements did capture limited spatial information. Often just omnidirectional sources and microphones are employed. In some cases it was attempted to get more spatial information employing directive transdudcers: known examples are binaural microphones, figure-of-8 microphones, and directive loudspeakers. However, th...

The largest part of who seats in theatres or in auditoria has not an optimal perception of sound, because of hearing loss. So, in order to find out a correlation between objective parameters and subjective descriptors, executing therefore meaningful listening tests, we need first to study the perception of the customer. For this purpose, selected t...

CORRELATION BETWEEN SUBJECTIVE DESCRIPTORS AND OBJECTIVE PARAMETERS OF THEATRES AND AUDITORIA ACOUSTICS SIMULATED WITH BINAURAL SOUND SYSTEMS

1. Introduzione Allorche' si vuole analizzare il comportamento di un sistema acustico, elettroacusti- co o vibrazionale che possa ragionevolmente venire schematizzato come sistema LTI (Lineare Tempo Invariante), si tratta di determinarne sperimentalmente la cosiddetta "Risposta all'Impulso". Essa è definita come il segnale che esce dal sistema allo...

The paper describes the sound systems and the listening rooms installed in the new "museum of reproduced sound", actually being built in Parma, restoring an ancient church. The museum is devoted to the exposition of a huge collection of antique radios and gramophones, but it will also exploit the frontiers of modern methods for immersive surround r...

Room impulse responses (stereophonic and binaural) were recorded using identical procedures in five concert auditoria: the large, medium and small halls of Rome's Parco della Musica, Parma's Auditorium Paganini, and Kirishima's Miyama Conseru. A subjective test was conducted, using an anechoic recording of a piano accordion convolved with these imp...

Binaural room impulse responses convolved with anechoic recordings are commonly used in auditorium acoustics design and research. Binaural and stereophonic (O.R.T.F.) room impulse responses, which had been recorded in five concert auditoria, were used in this study to test the spatial audio quality of four reproduction systems: conventional stereop...

The paper describes the theory and the first operational results of a new multichannel recording system based on a 32-capsules spherical microphone array and some practical applications. Up to 7 virtual microphones can be synthesized in real-time, choosing dynamically the directivity pattern (from standard cardioid to 6th-order ultra-directive) and...