Andrea Cardoso Araujo

Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul · Instituto de Biociências

Aim: We examined the effects of space, climate, phylogeny and species traits on module composition in a cross-biomes plant–hummingbird network. Location: Brazil, except Amazonian region. Methods: We compiled 31 local binary plant–hummingbird networks, combining them into one cross-biomes metanetwork. We conducted a modularity analysis and tested th...

Functional traits can determine pairwise species interactions, such as those between plants and pollinators. However, the effects of biogeography and evolutionary history on trait‐matching and trait‐mediated resource specialization remain poorly understood. We compiled a database of 93 mutualistic hummingbird–plant networks (including 181 hummingbi...

The diversity of fruits and frugivorous species is especially high in tropical regions where frugivory and seed dispersal interactions are particularly critical for the structure and functioning of terrestrial communities. However, the increasing urbanization in tropical areas has caused profound landscape changes, affecting species interactions an...

One challenge of landscape ecology involves understanding the effects of expanded anthropized areas and related land-use changes on species over time. Understanding how floristic composition is shaped in urban and rural environments is a prerequisite for undertaking the development and implementation of conservation strategies in urban areas. We ai...

Despite the growing urbanization rate and its consequences on biodiversity and species interactions worldwide, the connection among urban green areas, performed by interacting species, is still poorly understood. We evaluated how plant and hummingbird species vary across the urban landscape of a tropical city in Brazil, identifying traits of specie...

Urbanization has reshaped the distribution of biodiversity on Earth, but we are only beginning to understand its effects on ecological communities. While urbanization may have homogenization effects strong enough to blur the large-scale patterns in interaction networks, urban community patterns may still be associated with climate gradients reflect...

Studies focusing on plant-pollinator interactions in urban environments aim to understand how the anthropized landscape affects interactions and, consequently, the reproductive success of plants. In these studies, the identification of plant species visited can be performed through focal observations and the analysis of pollen loads carried by vect...

A edição deste livro é parte das atividades previstas na disciplina “Ecologia de Campo III” do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação (PPGEC) da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul.

A edição deste livro é parte das atividades previstas na disciplina “Ecologia de Campo III” do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação (PPGEC) da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul.

A edição deste livro é parte das atividades previstas na disciplina “Ecologia de Campo III” do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação (PPGEC) da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul.

A edição deste livro é parte das atividades previstas na disciplina “Ecologia de Campo III” do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação (PPGEC) da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul.

The maintenance of green areas within cities is essential for promoting urban biodiversity and pecies interactions. Here, we evaluated the interactions between hummingbirds and their visited plants over the course of a year in an urban park in Barreiras, western Bahia, Brazil. Each month, from October 2018 to September 2019, we recorded hummingbird...

Despite the importance of parks and vegetation remnants in supporting the fauna in urban areas, not much is known about the structure of interaction networks of plants and pollinators occurring in these habitats. Hummingbirds are the main vertebrate pollinators in the Americas, contributing to the reproductive success of several plant species. The...

Background: Animal pollination is an important ecosystem function and service, ensuring both the integrity of natural systems and human well-being. Although many knowledge shortfalls remain, some high-quality data sets on biological interactions are now available. The development and adoption of standards for biodiversity data and metadata has pro...

Space and time promote variation in network structure by affecting the likelihood of potential interactions. However, little is known about the relative roles of ecological and biogeographical processes in determining how species interactions vary across space and time. Here we study the spatiotemporal variation in predator–prey interaction network...

Background The spatial structure and size of plant populations affect foraging choices of pollinators and, consequently, pollen transfer within and between populations. Aims To understand pollination patterns in relation to population size and pollinator selectivity we quantified patch size and pollen flow in natural populations of Richardia grand...

Flowering plant species and their nectar‐feeding vertebrates exemplify some of the most remarkable biotic interactions in the Neotropics. In the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, several species of birds (especially hummingbirds), bats, and non‐flying mammals, as well as one lizard feed on nectar, often act as pollinators and contribute to seed output of...

When describing plant–animal interaction networks, sampling can be performed using plant‐ or animal‐centred approaches. Despite known effects of sampling on network structure, how samplings affect the estimates of interaction β‐diversity across networks is still unresolved. We investigated how the sampling method affects the assessment of β‐diversi...

This chapter provides an overview on flowering and fruiting phenology, pollination and seed dispersal syndromes of species occurring in the capões (natural forest patches) of the southern Pantanal wetland, Brazil. We monthly sampled three to five different capões from May 1999 to May 2000 for all reproductive plant individuals and recorded their ha...

Interactions between species are influenced by different ecological mechanisms, such as morphological matching, phenological overlap and species abundances. How these mechanisms explain interaction frequencies across environmental gradients remains poorly understood. Consequently, we also know little about the mechanisms that drive the geographical...

Building bridges between environmental and political agendas is essential nowadays in face of the increasing human pressure on natural environments, including wetlands. Wetlands provide critical ecosystem services for humanity, and can generate a considerable direct or indirect income to the local communities. In order to meet many of the sustainab...

Life on Earth is supported by an infinite number of interactions among organisms. Species interactions in these networks are influenced by latitude, evolutionary history and species traits. We performed a global-scale literature analysis to build up a database of interactions between anuran communities and their preys, from a wide range of geograph...

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological dat...

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morpho- logical variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological d...

Epiphytes are hyper‐diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non‐vas...

"Cangas" are ironstone outcrops occurring at the foot of the Urucum Plateau, on the western edge of Pantanal, Corumbá-MS. In Brazil, the knowledge about flora and ecology of the plant communities associated with these formations is still incipient. These habitats are among the most threatened and less studied in Brazil because of their association...

In this study, we made monthly assessments of the reproductive phenology of ten cacti species that are widely distributed in the Brazilian Chaco over a 2-year period. We tested whether different climatic regimes in this region promoted the evolution of different reproductive strategies among cacti species. We applied circular statistics and the Ray...

Pollen transfer to the stigma is the primary mechanism of sexual reproduction in plants. Among bee species that act as pollen vectors and pollinators, attributes such as floral visitation rate, synchrony with the receptive phase of the flower, compatibility between flower shape and foraging behavior, and morphological traits are often used to infer...

Que as mudanças climáticas influenciam a biodiversidade e os serviços ecossistêmicos não há qualquer sombra de dúvida. Mas quais são exatamente essas influências? Existem espécies mais vulneráveis? Há espécies capazes de se adaptar? Podemos aprender com elas? Quais ecossistemas e serviços ambientais são mais afetados? Podemos evitar ou minimizar os...

We collected data on plants and potential pollinators in four communities with distinct vegetation types located in the Central region of Brazil, being all characterized by a marked seasonality: Cerrado woody grassland (Campo sujo), Chaco vegetation, Palm swamp (Vereda) and Pantanal Wetland.

Abstract 1. The temporal dynamics of plant phenology and pollinator abundance across seasons should influence the structure of plant-pollinator interaction networks. Nevertheless, such dynamics are seldom considered, especially for diverse tropical networks. 2. Here, we evaluated the temporal variation of four plant-pollinator networks in two sea...

Aim: Among the world’s three major nectar-feeding bird taxa, hummingbirds are the most phenotypically specialized for nectarivory, followed by sunbirds, while the honeyeaters are the least phenotypically specialized taxa. We tested whether this phenotypic specialization gradient is also found in the interaction patterns with their floral resources....

Triplaris gardneriana (Polygonaceae) is a dioecious pioneer tree reported as insect‐pollinated, despite possessing traits related to anemophily. Here, we analyse the possible roles of insects and wind on the pollination of this species to establish whether the species is ambophilous. We carried out observations of floral biology, as well as on the...

Flowering synchrony has a relevant role in pollinator attraction. In distylous species, synchronous blooming between individuals of both morphs means that the chances of intermorph crosses are increased, which is important for the maintenance of the heterostylous system. The aim of the present study was to describe the flowering phenology and the b...

Florivory can negatively affect the reproductive success of plants through its effects on fruit set. We report flower consumption of Echinopsis rhodotricha by Mazama americana and Pecari tajacu in the Brazilian Chaco. In order to evaluate the effects of florivory on the reproductive success of E. rhodotricha, we quantified and compared the fruit se...

South America harboured a rich megafauna for millions of years, but most of it was lost during the latest Pleistocene and early Holocene. However, human-introduced livestock is a potential partial ecological replacement, with livestock having been present in many areas of the Brazilian Pantanal for > 200 years. We tested the impact of cattle on spi...

Aim To investigate the role of alien plants in mutualistic plant–hummingbird networks, assessing the importance of species traits, floral abundance and insularity on alien plant integration. Location Mainland and insular Americas. Methods We used species-level network indices to assess the role of alien plants in 21 quantitative plant–hummingbird...

Ecological communities that experience stable climate conditions have been speculated to preserve more specialized interspecific associations and have higher proportions of smaller ranged species (SRS). Thus, areas with disproportionally large numbers of SRS are expected to coincide geographically with a high degree of community-level ecological sp...

Aim To investigate the association between hummingbird–plant network structure and species richness, phylogenetic signal on species' interaction pattern, insu-larity and historical and current climate. Location Fifty-four communities along a c. 10,000 km latitudinal gradient across the Americas (39° N–32° S), ranging from sea level to c. 3700 m a....

A polinização por animais vertebrados ocorre principalmente nas regiões tropicais. Apresentamos aqui uma síntese acerca dos vertebrados visitantes de flores e das plantas polinizadas por eles, focada nos principais grupos taxonômicos. Animais vertebrados antófilos e plantas adaptadas à polinização por vertebrados apresentaram grande diversificação...

_________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT – Cacti species are recognized for providing various resources for pollinators and seed dispersers in many ecosystems, being these interactions well documented in some of them. However, for the Brazilian Chaco, these interactions remain unknow...

Heterostyly is a floral polymorphism consisting in the presence of two morphs in the population that differ reciprocally in the position of their sexual organs. Heterostylous species depend on visitors to produce fruits, but the efficiency of insect species as pollinators greatly varies and depends on the morph visited. The aim of the present study...

We developed a framework to incorporate biodiversity information about target species based on expert knowledge into landscape metrics in order to subsidize conservation planning. Four steps make up our framework: 1) biodiversity expert consults, 2) processing and organizing the information, 3) validating the information and 4) incorporating biodiv...

A polinização por animais vertebrados ocorre principalmente nas regiões tropicais. Apresentamos aqui uma síntese acerca dos vertebrados visitantes de flores e das plantas polinizadas por eles, focada nos principais grupos taxonômicos. Animais vertebrados antófilos e plantas adaptadas à polinização por vertebra-dos apresentaram grande diversificação...

Hummingbirds are the main vertebrate pollinators in the Neotropics, but little is known about the interactions between hummingbirds and flowers in areas of Cerrado. This paper aims to describe the interactions between flowering plants (ornithophilous and non-ornithophilous species) and hummingbirds in an urban Cerrado remnant. For this purpose, we...

This is the first systematic survey of bees in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil. We recorded bee species and their floral resources within grassland and natural forest edge habitats in the Pantanal. Surveys were conducted during two to four-days per month, for a total of 12 months. Overall, we recorded 56 bee species visiting a total of 63 flowering pl...

In family Rubiaceae distyly is very common, and large variation in heterostyly characteristics has been previously documented. Analysis of these variations, even within a species, is very useful to our understanding of the evolutionary process that caused this polymorphism. For this reason, the goal of this study is to investigate the floral morpho...

In Brazil, the family Gesneriaceae is represented by 23 genera and approximately 200 species. Seemannia sylvatica is an herb that occurs in dense populations in the riverbeds at Serra da Bodoquena. Goals of this study were to report the floral biology (on the first five days of anthesis), as well as to determine the breeding system and the pollinat...

Models predicting contemporary specialization in plant-hummingbird networks including introduced species. (DOC)

Correlations between predictor variables. (DOC)

Plant-hummingbird networks: response and predictor variables. (DOC)

Models predicting contemporary specialization in native plant-hummingbird networks. (DOC)

Large-scale geographical patterns of biotic specialization and the underlying drivers are poorly understood, but it is widely believed that climate plays an important role in determining specialization. As climate-driven range dynamics should diminish local adaptations and favor generalization, one hypothesis is that contemporary biotic specializat...

The temporal and spatial resource use among hummingbirds was studied over 13 months in an urban forest remnant (Prosa State Park: PSP) in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Hummingbird visitation was recorded at three ornithophilous and eleven non-ornithophilous species. Flower density was roughly constant during the study period, with the d...

The study verified the composition and structure of the arboreal vegetation, the dispersal syndrome, and the spatial distribution patterns of species with higher densities in a fragment of "cerradão", Bandeirantes, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. For the floristic and phytosociological surveys 16 plots of 25x25 m (1 ha) were allocated. Individuals with...

The pollen diet of Africanized honeybees Apis mellifera L. was studied during seven months (October 2006 to April 2007) in a natural forest fragment in the southern Pantanal, sub-region of Abobral, Mato Grosso do Sul. The analysis of the pollen diet was based on direct observations of the bees visiting flowers as well as through the use of a pollen...

In Brazil, studies focusing on reproductive biology and aspects of pollination in the genus Ruellia have demonstrated common characteristics such as pollination by hummingbird, the predominance of self-fertility and spontaneous self-pollination. The objectives of this study were to describe the floral biology, nectar production, the reproductive sy...

The aim of this study is to describe interactions between hummingbirds and ornithophilous species at Serra da Bodoquena in midwest Brazil, with focus on flowering phenology and pollination of these plant species. In two habitats, gallery forest and semi-deciduous forest, data on flowering phenology of ornithophilous species were collected monthly o...

Reciprocal herkogamy is known to promote intermorph-pollination in distylous species, which are generally self- and intramorph-incompatible. Legitimate crossing rates are also influenced by pollinator foraging strategy, which determines most of the pollen flow in natural populations. This study reports on the floral morphology, compatibility relati...

Flower species visited by hummingbirds were studied over 13 months in 52 forested patches (“capões”) in the seasonally flooded plains of Southern Pantanal, western Brazil. The size of the surveyed capões ranged from 0.2 to 3.8 ha and the total sampled area measured 51.6 ha. We recorded 21 plant species, mainly herbs and climbers, whose flowers were...