Andrea Araldo

• Assoc. Prof.
• Professor (Associate) at Institut Polytechnique de Paris

Conventional Public Transport (PT) cannot support the mobility needs in weak demand areas. Such areas could be better served by integrating, within PT, Demand-Responsive Transport (DRT), in which bus routes dynamically adapt to user demand. While the literature has focused on the level of service of DRT, it has overlooked its contribution to access...

We consider a Network Operator (NO) that owns Edge Computing (EC) resources, virtualizes them and lets third party Service Providers (SPs) run their services, using the allocated slice of resources. We focus on one specific resource, i.e., cache space, and on the problem of how to allocate it among several SPs in order to minimize the backhaul traf...

Edge computing (EC) consists of deploying computation resources close to the users, thus enabling low-latency applications, such as augmented reality and online gaming. However, large-scale deployment of edge nodes can be highly impractical and expensive. Besides EC, there is a rising concept known as Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC). VCC is a compu...

In broad terms, accessibility measures opportunities reachable (such as shops, residents, etc.) within a given time frame. Urban Rail Transit (URT) plays a crucial role in providing accessibility, but it is susceptible to disruptions. In city centers with dense public transport (PT) networks, travelers can often find alternative lines. However, in...

Designing Public Transport (PT) networks able to satisfy mobility needs of people is essential to reduce the number of individual vehicles on the road, and thus pollution and congestion. Urban sustainability is thus tightly coupled to an efficient PT. Current approaches on Transport Network Design (TND) generally aim to optimize generalized cost, i...

Designing a network (e.g., a telecommunication or transport network) is mainly done offline, in a planning phase, prior to the operation of the network. On the other hand, a massive effort has been devoted to characterizing dynamic networks, i.e., those that evolve over time. The novelty of this paper is that we introduce a method for the online de...

Shared Mobility Services (SMS), e.g., demand-responsive transit or ride-sharing, can improve mobility in low-density areas, often poorly served by conventional Public Transport (PT). Such improvement is mostly quantified via basic performance indicators, like wait or travel time. However, accessibility indicators, measuring the ease of reaching sur...

Conventional Public Transport (PT) is based on fixed lines, running with routes and schedules determined a-priori. In low-demand areas, conventional PT is inefficient. Therein, Mobility on Demand (MoD) could serve users more efficiently and with an improved quality of service (QoS). The idea of integrating MoD into PT is therefore abundantly discus...

https://hal.science/hal-04769024

Edge computing (EC) consists of deploying com- putation resources close to the users, thus enabling low-latency applications, such as augmented reality and online gaming. However, large-scale deployment of edge nodes can be highly impractical and expensive. Besides EC, there is a rising concept known as Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC). VCC is a com...

SHORT SUMMARY What-to methods for the design of Public Transport (PT) traditionally maximize overall efficiency. They do not generally embed the inequality of the distribution of accessibility into the optimization objective. However, such inequality is crucial, as it contributes to the car-dependency of areas underserved by PT. In fact, while ineq...

We consider a regulator driving individual choices towards increasing social welfare by providing personal incentives. We formalize and solve this problem by maximizing social welfare under a budget constraint. The personalized incentives depend on the alternatives available to each individual and on her preferences. A polynomial time approximation...

Accessibility measures how well a location is connected to surrounding opportunities. We focus on accessibility provided by Public Transit (PT). There is an evident inequality in the distribution of accessibility between city centers or close to main transportation corridors and suburbs. In the latter, poor PT service leads to a chronic car-depende...

Shared Mobility Services (SMS), e.g., Demand-Responsive Transit (DRT) or ride-sharing, can improve mobility in low-density areas, often poorly served by conventional Public Transport (PT). Such improvement is mostly quantified via basic performance indicators, like wait or travel time. However, accessibility indicators, measuring the ease of reachi...

Shared Mobility Services (SMS), e.g., Demand-Responsive Transit (DRT) or ride-sharing, can improve mobility in low-density areas, often poorly served by conventional Public Transport (PT). Such improvement is mostly quantified via basic performance indicators, like wait or travel time. However, accessibility indicators, measuring the ease of reachi...

Thanks to the virtualization of resources within 5G networks, different Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) can host their services in the same physical network, up to the edge. This allows much more degrees of freedom with respect to previous generation cellular network: MVNO software components can be placed in different locations, can be allo...

In most cities, transit consists solely of fixed-route transportation, whence the inherent limited Quality of Service for travellers in suburban areas and during off-peak periods. On the other hand, completely replacing fixed-route (FR) with demand-responsive (DR) transit would imply a huge operational cost. It is still unclear how to integrate DR...

Edge Computing (EC) allows users to access computing resources at the network frontier, which paves the way for deploying delay-sensitive applications such as Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR). Under the EC paradigm, MAR users connect to the EC server, open sessions and send continuously frames to be processed. The EC server sends back virtual informa...

Edge Computing (EC) allows users to access computing resources at the network frontier, which paves the way for deploying delay-sensitive applications such as Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR). Under the EC paradigm, MAR users connect to the EC server, open sessions and send continuously frames to be processed. The EC server sends back virtual informa...

An increasing number of applications rely on complex inference tasks that are based on machine learning (ML). Currently, there are two options to run such tasks: either they are served directly by the end device (e.g., smartphones, IoT equipment, smart vehicles), or offloaded to a remote cloud. Both options may be unsatisfactory for many applicatio...

This paper proposes an approach to analyze the impact of multimodal Public Transit (PT), combining conventional fixed-route transit and Demand-Responsive Transit (DRT), on equality in transport accessibility distribution. We construct a graph model of multimodal PT in Neo4j, based on General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data, modeling DRT anal...

In carpooling systems, a set of drivers owning a private car can accept a small detour to pick-up and drop-off other riders. However, carpooling is widely used for long-distance trips, where rider-driver matching can be done days ahead. Making carpooling a viable option for daily commute is more challenging, as trips are shorter and, proportionally...

In carpooling systems, a set of drivers owning a private car can accept a small detour to pickup and drop-off other riders. However, carpooling is widely used for long-distance trips, where rider-driver matching can be done days ahead. Making carpooling a viable option for daily commute is more challenging, as trips are shorter and, proportionally,...

This paper proposes an approach to analyze the impact of multimodal Public Transit (PT), combining conventional fixed-route transit and Demand-Responsive Transit (DRT), on equality in transport accessibility distribution. We construct a graph model of multimodal PT in Neo4j, based on General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data, modeling DRT anal...

We consider a regulator willing to drive individual choices towards increasing social welfare by providing incentives to a large population of individuals. For that purpose, we formalize and solve the problem of finding an optimal personalized-incentive policy: optimal in the sense that it maximizes social welfare under an incentive budget constrai...

We propose in this paper a coinvestment plan between several stakeholders of different types, namely a physical network owner, operating network nodes, e.g. a network operator or a tower company, and a set of service providers willing to use these resources to provide services as video streaming, augmented reality, autonomous driving assistance, et...

Current transit suffers from an evident inequity: the level of service of transit in suburbs is much less satisfying than in city centers. As a consequence, private cars are still the dominant transportation mode for suburban people, which results in congestion and pollution. To achieve sustainability goals and reduce car-dependency, transit should...

In this article, we consider the Virtual Network Embedding (VNE) problem for 5G networks slicing. This problem requires to allocate multiple Virtual Networks (VN) on a substrate virtualized physical network while maximizing among others, resource utilization, maximum number of placed VNs and network operator’s benefit. We solve the online version o...

We propose a methodology to assess transportation accessibility inequity in metropolitan areas. The methodology is based on the classic analysis tools of Lorenz curves and Gini indices, but the novelty resides in the fact that it can be easily applied in an automated way to several cities around the World, with no need for customized data treatment...

We propose a methodology to assess transportation accessibility inequity in metropolitan areas. The methodology is based on the classic analysis tools of Lorenz curves and Gini indices, but the novelty resides in the fact that it can be easily applied in an automated way to several cities around the World, with no need for customized data treatment...

While carpooling is widely adopted for long travels, it is by construction inefficient for daily commuting, where it is difficult to match drivers and riders, sharing similar origin, destination and time. To overcome this limitation, we present an Integrated system, which integrates carpooling into transit, in the line of the philosophy of Mobility...

Within network slicing, Virtual Network Embedding has been vastly studied, i.e., deciding in which physical nodes and links to place virtual functions and links. However, the performance of slices does not only depend on where virtual functions and links are placed, but also on how much resources they can use, which has been mostly neglected in the...

We address the problem of a Network Operator (NO) owning limited resources at the network edge. The NO wishes to enable advanced services, by virtualizing and allocating such resources among multiple tenants, i.e., third-party Service Providers, co-existing at the edge, with different Quality of Service (QoS) constraints. The NO applies a resource...

Network slicing in the upcoming Telecom generation is a fundamental feature which is deployed to satisfy the various demands in term of data rate and latency. On the other hand, it is seen as a topic that imposes other questions such as the coexistence of physical and virtual functions. In this context, we consider the resource management problem f...

In this article, we consider the Virtual Network Embedding (VNE) problem for 5G networks slicing. This problem requires to allocate multiple Virtual Networks (VN) on a substrate virtualized physical network while maximizing among others, resource utilization, maximum number of placed VNs and network operator's benefit. We solve the online version o...

We consider in this work Edge Computing (EC) in a multi-tenant environment: the resource owner, i.e., the Network Operator (NO), virtualizes the resources and lets third party Service Providers (SPs-tenants) run their services, which can be diverse and with heterogeneous requirements. Due to confidentiality guarantees, the NO cannot observe the nat...

In most cities, transit consists of fixed-route transportation only, whence the inherent limited Quality of Service for travellers in sub-urban areas and during off-peak periods. On the other hand, completely replacing fixed-route with demand-responsive (DR) transit would imply huge operational cost. It is still unclear how to ingrate DR transporta...

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In this paper, we consider the Virtual Network Embedding (VNE) problem for 5G networks slicing. This consists in optimally allocating multiple Virtual Networks (VN) on a substrate virtualized physical network while maximizing among others, resource utilization, maximum number of placed VNs and network operator's benefit. We solve the online version...

Cloud Computing (CC) is the most prevalent paradigm under which services are provided over the Internet. The most relevant feature for its success is its capability to promptly scale service based on user demand. When scaling, the main objective is to maximize as much as possible service performance. Moreover, resources in the Cloud are usually so...

We present the novel idea of inference delivery networks (IDN), networks of computing nodes that coordinate to satisfy inference requests achieving the best trade-off between latency and accuracy. IDNs bridge the dichotomy between device and cloud execution by integrating inference delivery at the various tiers of the infrastructure continuum (acce...

We consider a regulator willing to drive individual choices towards increasing social welfare by providing incentives to a large population of individuals. For that purpose, we formalize and solve the problem of finding an optimal personalized-incentive policy: optimal in the sense that it maximizes social welfare under an incentive budget constrai...

Tradable mobility credit (TMC) schemes are an approach to travel demand management that have received significant attention in the transportation domain in recent years as a promising means to mitigate the adverse environmental, economic and social effects of urban traffic congestion. In TMC schemes, a regulator provides an initial endowment of mob...

In cities around the world, transit is currently provided with fixed route transportation only, whence the inherent limited Quality of Service (QoS) for travelers in sub-urban areas and during off-peak. On the other hand, it has been shown that completely replacing fixed-route with demand-responsive transit fails to serve the high transportation de...

Cloud Computing (CC) is the most prevalent paradigm under which services are provided over the Internet. The most relevant feature for its success is its capability to promptly scale service based on user demand. When scaling, the main objective is to maximize as much as possible service performance. Moreover, resources in the Cloud are usually so...

Integrating Fixed and Demand-Responsive Transportation for Flexible Transit Network Design

The International Workshop on Distributed Cloud Computing (DCC) is an interdisciplinary forum on distributed systems, algorithms as well as networking and cloud computing. DCC 2020 was co-located with SIGMETRICS 2020, in the week of June 8-12, 2020. The selected topic of DCC 2020 was Machine Learning in distributed environments.

Edge Computing exploits computational capabilities deployed at the very edge of the network to support applications with low latency requirements. Such capabilities can reside in small embedded devices that integrate dedicated hardware -- e.g., a GPU -- in a low cost package. But these devices have limited computing capabilities compared to standar...

Edge Computing (EC) consists in deploying computational resources, e.g., memory, CPUs, at the Edge of the network, e.g., base stations, access points, and run there a part of the computation currently running on the Cloud. This approach promises to reduce latency, inter-domain traffic and enhance user experience. Since resources at the Edge are sca...

Under the paradigm of Edge Computing (EC), a Network Operator (NO) deploys computational resources at the network edge and let third-party services run on top of them. Besides the clear advantages for Service Providers (SPs) and final users thanks to the vicinity of computation nodes, a NO aims to allocate edge resources in order to increase its ow...

The paper presents the system optimization (SO) framework of Tripod, an integrated bi-level transportation management system aimed at maximizing energy savings of the multi-modal transportation system. From the user’s perspective, Tripod is a smartphone app, accessed before performing trips. The app proposes a series of alternatives, consisting of...

Mobility on Demand (MoD) services, like Uber and Lyft, are revolutionizing the way people move in cities around the world and are often considered a convenient alternative to public transit, since they offer higher Quality of Service (QoS - less waiting time, door-to-door service) at a cheap price. In the next decades, these advantages are expected...

Mobility on demand (MoD) systems have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for sustainable personal urban mobility in cities. In the context of multi-agent simulation technology, the state-of-the-art lacks a platform that captures the dynamics between decentralized driver decision-making and the centralized coordinated decision-making. This wor...

In this paper we present the System Optimization (SO) framework of Tripod, an integrated bi-level transportation management system aimed to maximize energy savings of multi-modal transportation. 1 From the user's perspective, Tripod is a smartphone app, accessed before performing trips. The app proposes a series of alternatives, consisting of a com...

Urban transportation of next decade is expected to be disrupted by Autonomous Mobility on Demand (AMoD): AMoD providers will collect ride requests from users and will dispatch a fleet of autonomous vehicles to satisfy requests in the most efficient way. Differently from current ride sharing systems, in which driver behavior has a clear impact on th...

The development of a large scale agent-based simulation model for the Greater Boston Area is presented, closing the gap between state-of-the art integrated demand-supply modeling techniques (SimMobility) with advanced energy estimation models (TripEnergy) and shedding light on its practical application to large urban areas. This paper describes the...

The development of a large scale agent-based simulation model for the Greater Boston Area is presented, closing the gap between state-of-the art integrated demand-supply modeling techniques (SimMobility) with advanced energy estimation models (TripEnergy) and shedding light on its practical application to large urban areas. This paper describes the...

Urban transportation of next decade is expected to be disrupted by Autonomous Mobility on Demand (AMoD): AMoD providers will collect ride requests from users and will dispatch a fleet of autonomous vehicles to satisfy requests in the most efficient way. Differently from current ride sharing systems, in which driver behavior has a clear impact on th...

Among the new transportation services made possible by the introduction of automated vehicles, automated mobility-on-demand (AMoD) has attracted a lot of attention from both industry and researchers. AMoD provides a service similar to taxi or ride-sharing services, while being driverless. It is expected to attract a huge fraction of travelers curre...

In-network caching is an appealing solution to cope with the increasing bandwidth demand of video, audio, and data transfer over the Internet. Nonetheless, in order to protect consumer privacy and their own business, content providers (CPs) increasingly deliver encrypted content, thereby preventing Internet service providers (ISPs) from employing t...

Among the new transportation services made possible by the introduction of Automated Vehicles (AVs), Automated Mobility on Demand (AMoD) has attracted a lot of attention from both industries and researchers. AMoD provides a service similar to taxi or ride-sharing services, while being driver-less. It is expected to attract a huge fraction of travel...

Among the new transportation services made possible by the introduction of Automated Vehicles (AVs), Automated Mobility on Demand (AMoD) has attracted a lot of attention from both industries and researchers. AMoD provides a service similar to taxi or ride-sharing services, while being driver-less. It is expected to attract a huge fraction of travel...

Network caching can help copewith today Internet traffic explosion and sustainthe demand for an increasing user Quality ofExperience. Nonetheless, the techniquesproposed in the literature do not exploit all thepotential benefits. Indeed, they usually aim tooptimize hit ratio or other network-centricmetrics, e.g. path length, latency, etc., whilenet...

To cope with Internet video explosion, recent work proposes to deploy caches to absorb part of the traffic related to popular videos. Nonetheless, caching literature has mainly focused on network-centric metrics, while the quality of users' video streaming experience should be the key performance index to optimize. Additionally, the general assumpt...

In-network caching is an appealing solution to cope with the increasing bandwidth demand of video, audio and data transfer over the Internet. Nonetheless, an increasing share of content delivery services adopt encryption through HTTPS, which is not compatible with traditional ISP-managed approaches like transparent and proxy caching. This raises th...

In this tutorial, we will review in a simple way the use of submodular functions as a tool to solve optimization problems. A greedy algorithm is given and its 1 1−1/e approximation to the optimum is proved. Recognizing if an optimization problem can be described in this framework can be very useful as it permits to directly use the many results tha...

Embedded systems design requires conflicting objectives to be optimized with an appropriate choice of hardware-software parameters. A simulation campaign can guide the design in finding the best trade-offs, but due to the big number of possible configurations, it is often unfeasible to simulate them all. For these reasons, design space exploration...

Albeit an important goal of caching is traffic reduction , a perhaps even more important aspect follows from the above achievement: the reduction of Internet Service Provider (ISP) operational costs that comes as a consequence of the reduced load on transit and provider links. Surprisingly, to date this crucial aspect has not been properly taken in...

Albeit an important goal of Information Centric Networking (ICNs) is traffic reduction, a perhaps even more important aspect follows from the above achievement: the reduction of ISP operational costs that comes as consequence of the reduced load on transit and provider links. Surprisingly, to date this crucial aspect has not been properly taken int...

Albeit an important goal of Information Centric Networking (ICNs) is traffic reduction, a perhaps even more important aspect follows from the above achievement: the reduction of ISP operational costs that comes as consequence of the reduced load on transit and provider links. Surprisingly, to date this crucial aspect has not been properly taken int...

We propose a methodology to gauge the extent of queueing delay (aka bufferbloat) in the Internet, based on purely passive measurement of TCP traffic. We implement our methodology in Tstat and make it available as open source software. We leverage Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) and behav- ioral classification of Tstat to breakdown the queueing delay a...

Caching is frequently used by Internet Service Providers as a viable technique to reduce the latency perceived by end users, while jointly offloading network traffic. While the cache hit-ratio is generally considered in the literature as the dominant performance metric for such type of systems, in this paper we argue that a critical missing piece h...

We propose a passive methodology to estimate the queueing delay incurred by TCP traffic, and additionally leverage DPI classification to breakdown the delay across different applications. Ultimately, we correlate the queueing delay to the performance perceived by the users of that applications, depending on their delay-sensitivity. We implement our...