André Filipe Furtado

Instituto Superior Técnico · Departamento de Engenharia Civil

This special session is focused on several key topics including but not limited to: • Seismic performance assessment methodologies of RC structures • Experimental testing and numerical simulation of RC individual elements and/or RC frames • Experimental and numerical studies on the seismic behaviour of masonry infill walls and/or infilled RC frames...

This manuscript presents a comprehensive investigation into the tensile strength and flexural behavior of steel fiber‐reinforced concrete (SFRC), utilizing a robust dataset comprising 457 meticulously selected data points, including 54 instances of self‐tested experimental data. The study establishes an empirical relationship governing the tensile...

Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings often rely on masonry walls to increase their rigidity and strength, distinguishing them from bare frames. Consequently, the lateral capacity of the RC frames is significantly impacted by the presence or absence of these walls. Numerical models are fundamental to understanding this behavior interaction, but the de...

Precast reinforced concrete building structures are widely used in the Portuguese industrial stock and throughout Europe. Beam-to-column connections are a key component in this type of structure. However, they are also the source of significant damage, as reported in recent earthquakes. Different configurations are common, such as using a dowel, ne...

Due to the infill masonry high vulnerability observed in recent earthquakes, the knowledge concerning the infills’ out-of-plane seismic behaviour has been the focus of several research works in the last years. The in- plane/out-of-plane interaction, boundary conditions, openings, slenderness, and aspect ratio have been re- ported as the main parame...

The masonry infill walls are often used in the envelopes of reinforced concrete buildings for different purposes, but a large part of them was built before the enforcement of modern seismic and/or energy codes. Due to that, the envelope of the reinforced concrete buildings is responsible for the energy consumption needed for indoor heating and cool...

Masonry brick walls Out-of-plane behaviour Retrofitting Seismic plus energy retrofitting Experimental testing A B S T R A C T The article presents the results of a testing campaign that was carried out to validate the effect of ETICS and seismic plus energy retrofitting techniques on the flexural strength of full-scale masonry brick walls. The stud...

The definition of damage states for structural and non-structural elements is necessary to support the seismic vulnerability analyses and identify the most vulnerable elements that need to be retrofitted. The studies on masonry infill walls focused on multiple experimental studies to characterize their in-plane and/or out-of-plane (OOP) behaviour....

The deadline for proposals submission is on the 15th of November, 2022. To submit your proposal, please fill the form available in conference website, where you must provide the title of the minisymposium, a brief description, and information about the organizer (and co-organizers, if applicable). 19 – 21 June 2023 / yic2023.fe.up.pt / yic2023@fe....

The submission of extended abstracts is now open and authors will be able to submit their contributions until the 15th of January 2023.

Seismic events worldwide clearly showed that a crucial issue for life safety and loss reduction due to earthquakes for existing RC buildings is related to the OOP collapse of infill masonry walls.

The work developed in this thesis mainly consisted in studying the seismic behaviour of infill panels, focusing in their IP and OOP behaviour and in their interaction with the RC building structure, and studying of strengthening strategies to improve the infills seismic performance.

Over the literature, there is a small number of testing campaigns related to the study and characterization of the OOP behaviour of infill panels of steel

Infill panels are widely used for partition purposes and to provide thermal and acoustic insulation to RC structures. Many types of masonry units were developed throughout the last decades to optimize those characteristics or to use innovative and green materials.

The infills OOP behaviour is a complex topic, since it depends on a high number of variables and uncertainties, which can result in high variability responses.

The present chapter aims to present retrofit and strengthening strategies to improve the infill masonry walls’ seismic performance, with particular attention to preventing the OOP collapse.

For the assessment of infilled RC frame structures, the non-linear behaviour induced by earthquakes should be considered.

A large part of the European building stock was built before implementing the recent energy and structural codes, resulting in buildings characterized by deficiencies in terms of comfort, energy savings and structural safety. The retrofitting and rehabilitation of the existing building stock need to be adequately performed, aiming to improve the se...

Collapse of, or severe damage to, existing buildings during strong earthquakes has resulted in significant economic losses, severe injuries, and casualties. Progress made over the last few decades has had a considerable impact on the seismic safety of modern buildings designed according to new standards. However, the majority of existing buildings...

The seismic behavior of the infill masonry infill walls has a significant impact on the global response of reinforced concrete frame structures. One factor influencing its behavior is the existence of openings in the walls, such as doors and windows, which are crucial for the infill seismic performance. Although the numerical simulation of the seis...

Infills in existing reinforced concrete buildings are often vulnerable to seismic actions perpendicular to their plane (OOP actions), especially if also in-plane (IP) damage is present. This study aims at experimentally testing under OOP loading masonry infills that suffer or not previous IP damage, in their as-built conditions and in the presence...

Recent earthquakes evidenced that many building structures may have a poor performance in future seismic events, as consequence of many factors, among of them the approach followed in their design, the irregular characteristics of the structural system, the poor detailing, and an eventual strong influence of the nonstructural elements in the struct...

When buildings are exposed to earthquake sequence, damage aggravation is expected to occur. Although several studies report seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings under the mainshock-aftershock sequence, indicating damage aggravation due to aftershock, none, to the best of our knowledge, quantifies seismic vulnerability of buil...

Resumo. O estudo do comportamento para fora-do-plano de paredes de enchimento tem sido, durante os últimos anos, alvo de uma atenção especial por parte da comunidade científica internacional, motivado pelas observações realizadas em missões de reconhecimento de danos pós-sismo onde são reportados inúmeros danos e colapsos deste tipo de paredes para...

The existing infilled reinforced concrete (RC) buildings' poor energy performance is responsible for a significant part of the energy consumption in the European Union (EU). In addition, recent earthquakes showed the seismic vulnerability of the existing RC buildings that were not designed according to modern codes, where several casualties, collap...

The definition of damage states for structural and non-structural elements is necessary to support the seismic vulnerability analyses and identify the most vulnerable elements that need to be retrofitted. The studies related to masonry infill walls focused on multiple experimental studies to characterize their in-plane and/or out-of-plane (OOP) beh...

Currently, the upgrade of existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings focuses only on energy retrofitting measures due to the current policies promoted in the scope of the European Green Deal. However, the structural deficiencies are not eliminated, leaving the building seriously unsafe despite the investment, particularly in seismic-prone regions....

Beam-to-column connections are a crucial element in industrial precast reinforced concrete (PRC) buildings. They are also the source of several damages reported after recent earthquakes. This typology of buildings is very common both in the Portuguese industrial park and throughout Europe. In order to have a better knowledge of the connection behav...

A large part of the existing building stock was not designed according to the current codes in seismic prone regions. The poor performance of some reinforced concrete structures was related to the presence of the masonry infill walls. Although the infill walls can increase the lateral resistance of frames in many cases, it is widely recognized that...

In existing Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings, the out-of-plane (OOP) collapse of masonry infills can be a significant issue for resulting damage and life safety in case of earthquake. Quite recently, research works from the literature have studied possible strengthening strategies to reduce the vulnerability of the infill panels due to OOP loadin...

O estudo do comportamento para fora-do-plano de paredes de enchimento tem sido, durante os últimos anos, alvo de uma atenção especial por parte da comunidade científica internacional, motivado pelas observações realizadas em missões de reconhecimento de danos pós-sismo onde são reportados inúmeros danos e colapsos deste tipo de paredes para fora do...

This research work aims to present an experimental study concerning the effect of the openings in the out-of-plane (OOP) behaviour of masonry infills in RC buildings. The experimental campaign comprises the OOP testing of three full-scale infill walls made up of horizontal hollow clay bricks, two of them with a central window and the remaining one...

Um aspeto fundamental na avaliação da segurança e no dimensionamento de estruturas PréFabricadas de Betão Armado (PFBA) são as ligações entre elementos, em particular a ligação viga-pilar. Na Europa, a solução mais comum é a utilização de ferrolhos para realizar a ligação entre o pilar e a viga PFBA. Estas ligações têm apresentado dois problemas qu...

One of the significant challenges concerning earthquake risk mitigation is the seismic vulnerability assessment of existing buildings that were not designed according to modern codes. Several authors recognized that the infill walls might significantly affect the seismic response of reinforced concrete structures (RC). Still, they are treated as "n...

This work's primary objective is to present an experimental campaign comprised of three full-scale in-plane tests. It was assessed the effect of the openings (central window) and of using textile-reinforced mortar strengthening. The slenderness is also studied by comparing the results herein obtained with other tests existing in the literature. The...

O estudo do comportamento para fora-do-plano de paredes de enchimento tem sido, durante os últimos anos, alvo de uma atenção especial por parte da comunidade científica internacional, motivado pelas observações realizadas em missões de reconhecimento de danos pós-sismo onde são reportados inúmeros danos e colapsos deste tipo de paredes para fora do...

Masonry infill walls are widely spread over the reinforced concrete buildings due to different demands. The buildings' thermal energy efficiency is a top priority nowadays since many of the existing building stock comprises buildings with low energy performance. The buildings' external envelope is undergoing a transformation with the vertical hollo...

This work's main objective is to present an experimental study concerning the effect of the openings in the out-of-plane (OOP) behaviour of masonry infills in RC buildings. The experimental campaign comprises the OOP testing of three full-scale infill walls made up of horizontal hollow clay bricks, two of them with a central window and the remainin...

The masonry infill walls are widely spread over the reinforced concrete buildings due to dif-ferent demands. The buildings' thermal energy efficiency is a top priority nowadays since many of the existing building stock comprises buildings with low energy performance. The buildings' external envelope is suffering a transformation with the appearance...

The primary objective is to present the most representative types of damage observed in reinforced concrete (RC) structures due to earthquakes. Those damages are divided according to the ten most representative types. Examples and the main reasons that could trigger each failure mechanism are presented. The definition of these damage types is suppo...

The poor out-of-plane behaviour of masonry infill walls (MIW) in recent seismic events, resulted in several casualties and economic losses. Several variables affect and reduce their seismic response capacity. However, the experimental studies available in the literature did not entirely cover all of them, and the amount of experimental data is stil...

Different retrofitting techniques have been developed and proposed to prevent the masonry infill walls out-of-plane collapse. Many other authors confirmed that these type of elements are vulnerable when subjected to earthquake loadings, leading to several casualties and economic losses. Based on this, the present manuscript comprises an experimenta...

It is widely accepted that further and more in-depth research is required on the out-of-plane seismic response of masonry infill walls to increase knowledge regarding this particular behaviour and to develop effective strengthening strategies for preventing their collapse. However, such experimental tests are difficult to perform and the scientific...

The primary objective of this work is to present a experimental analysis of textile-reinforced mortar based strengthening solutions to prevent the out-of-plane (OOP) collapse of masonry infills in RC buildings. The experimental campaign comprises the OOP testing of five full-scale infill walls made up of horizontal hollow clay bricks, two of them u...

The masonry infill walls’ seismic behaviour is being characterized by extensive damages and out-of-plane (OOP) collapses due to combined in-plane and OOP loading demands. Several efforts are being made to develop efficient strengthening strategies to reduce their seismic vulnerability and in particular to prevent the panels’ collapse. The present m...

The present work aimed to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of using textile-reinforced mortar based-solutions for strengthening masonry infill walls in the RC buildings’ envelopes to reduce their OOP collapse probability. Therefore, this study starts by analyzing the effectiveness of textile-reinforced mortar based-solutions in two experimenta...

The main objective of this work is to present an experimental study on the use of textile reinforced mortar to improve the masonry infill walls out-of-plane behaviour. The experimental campaign comprises flexural strength tests parallel to the horizontal bed joints of 10 specimens made up of horizontal hollow clay bricks, five of them unstrengthene...

The extension of the damages observed after the last major earthquakes shows that the seismic risk mitigation of infilled reinforced concrete structures is a paramount topic in seismic prone regions. In the assessment of existing structures and the design of new ones, the infill walls are considered as nonstructural elements by most of the seismic...

One of the major challenges concerning the earthquake risk mitigation is the seismic vulnerability assessment of existing buildings that were not designed according to modern codes and the development of effective retrofit techniques. Over the last few years, it is visible the increase of interest regarding the study of the masonry infill walls sei...

Seismic events worldwide clearly showed that a crucial issue for life-safety and reduction of losses due to earthquakes for reinforced concrete (RC) buildings is related to the out-of-plane (OOP) collapse of infill masonry walls. In the literature, few studies addressed this paramount topic. This paper presents an experimental work about the assess...

O estudo do comportamento para fora-do-plano de paredes de enchimento tem sido, durante os últimos anos, alvo de uma atenção especial por parte da comunidade científica internacional, motivado pelas observações realizadas em missões de reconhecimento de danos pós-sismo onde são reportados inúmeros danos e colapsos deste tipo de paredes para fora do...

As paredes de alvenaria de enchimento podem influenciar, favoravelmente ou não, a resposta de um edifício de betão armado quando sujeito a uma dada ação sísmica. Torna-se então imprescindível uma avaliação e quantificação do efeito da sua presença na resposta sísmica de edifícios de betão armado. O objetivo do presente trabalho é estudar o efeito d...

Out-of-plane (OOP) collapse of masonry infill panels in existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings due to seismic events is a key issue for life safety and seismic economic loss estimation. Few studies in the literature deal with this topic and, above all, with possible strengthening strategies against the OOP collapse. This work presents the main...

The out-of-plane (OOP) performance of infill masonry walls subjected to earthquakes is a topic of growing importance due to the significant number of collapses observed through the recent earthquakes. Nowadays is recognized by the scientific community the influence of these elements in the structural response of reinforced concrete structures subje...

Throughout the last years, the study of the masonry infill walls out-of-plane behaviour is being observed by the scientific community with special attention, mainly due to damages observed during post-earthquake scenarios, where several number of damages and out-of-plane collapses of infill panels were found. Different causes are pointed to justify...

Past and more recent seismic events worldwide clearly showed that a crucial issue for life-safety and loss reduction due to earthquakes for existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings is related to the out-of-plane (OOP) collapse of infill masonry walls. In literature, few stud-ies addressed this paramount topic, above all about the proposal of str...

As paredes de alvenaria de enchimento podem influenciar, favoravelmente ou não, a resposta de um edifício de betão armado quando sujeito a uma dada ação sísmica. Torna-se então imprescindível uma avaliação e quantificação do efeito da sua presença na resposta sísmica de edifícios de betão armado. O objetivo do presente trabalho é estudar o efeito d...

O estudo do comportamento para fora-do-plano de paredes de enchimento tem sido, durante os últimos anos, alvo de uma atenção especial por parte da comunidade científica internacional, motivado pelas observações realizadas em missões de reconhecimento de danos pós-sismo onde são reportados inúmeros danos e colapsos deste tipo de paredes para fora do...

Out-of-plane (OOP) collapse of infill masonry walls in existing reinforced concrete (RC) buildings due to earthquakes represents a paramount issue for life safety and seismic economic loss estimation. Few studies from literature deal with this topic, particularly regarding possible strengthening strategies to prevent the infills’ OOP collapse. This...

Os edifícios de betão armado têm experienciado danos significativos em sismos recentes. Relatórios de observação de danos pós-sismo são unânimes ao reconhecer que as paredes de enchimento têm desempenhado um papel importante na resposta sísmica destes edifícios. Através da observação dos danos pós-sismo sofridos por este tipo de estruturas é possív...

It is remarkable, the recent advances concerning the development of numerical modelling frameworks to simulate the infill panels’ seismic behaviour. However, there is a lack of experimental data of their mechanical properties, which are of full importance to calibrate the numerical models. The primary objective of this paper is to present an extens...

A ocorrência de vários episódios sísmicos nos últimos anos vêm evidenciando a vulnerabilidade das paredes de enchimento quando sujeitas a ações para fora do seu plano, em particular quando combinadas com ações no plano, existindo um reduzido número de ensaios sobre este tipo de elementos. Têm sido realizadas campanhas experimentais com o objetivo d...

Following the strong earthquake on April 25, 2015 in Nepal, a team from the University of Porto, in collaboration with other international institutions, made a field study on some of the most affected areas in the capital region of Kathmandu. One of the tasks was the study of a high-rise settle of buildings that were damaged following the earthquak...

Following the strong earthquake on April 25th 2015 in Nepal, a team from the Universit of Porto in collaboration with other international institutions made a field study on some of the most affected areas in the capital region, Kathmandu. One of the tasks was the study of a high-rise settle of buildings that were damaged following the earthquake se...

A intervenção em património cultural reveste-se de particular responsabilidade pois está-se perante uma herança cultural que se pretende passar às gerações vindouras mantendo os critérios de integridade e autenticidade. Em ações de requalificação ou de reabilitação é possível a manutenção das estruturas portantes existentes como paredes, pavimentos...

The primary objective of this manuscript is to present a numerical study regarding the mainshock-aftershock damage assessment of infilled reinforced concrete (RC) structures. For this, an 8 storey building was built in the OpenSees software considering different modelling strategies: i) RC structure without infill masonry walls; ii) RC structure wi...

Na sequência do forte sismo de Gorkha (Nepal) no dia 25 de Abril de 2015, foi realizada uma vasta campanha de avaliação e reconhecimento de danos em edifícios de betão armado com paredes de alvenaria de enchimento. O presente estudo incide, em particular, na avaliação da influência destes elementos no comportamento sísmico de um edifício de 15 piso...

It is widely consensual that further and deeper research is required on the out-of-plane seismic response of infill masonry walls to reduce the vulnerability of such elements and to develop effective retrofit strategies for preventing panel collapse, increasing human life protection and reducing economic losses. This type of study is also important...

The masonry infill walls play an important role on the seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete buildings. Due to this, it has been widely studied in terms of their strength and stiffness contribution in the in-plane direction and on their response in the out-of-plane direction. Significant improvements were achieved regarding the development of ac...

The infill masonry walls and their interaction with the reinforced concrete (RC) framed structure is a complex topic which needs a robust introduction to the theme. Besides considered non-structural elements, the infill masonry walls have an important contribution to the structural response of RC structures, as proved in recent earthquakes. Many st...

Experimental tests demonstrated the importance of the axial load variation in the seismic response of RC columns, namely, through the reduction in the strength capacity, reduced deformation capacity, and reduced energy dissipation capacity. Thus, this manuscript aims to study the axial load variability of RC columns, according to the plan and heigh...

Cities located in regions of high seismic hazard throughout the World contain many RC resisting moment frames with infill-masonry (IM) walls that share common characteristics and seismic vulnerabilities. Recent seismic events and several researches demonstrated that the infill panels can influence the structural response and introduce brittle failu...

The influence of masonry infills on the seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete buildings has been widely studied in terms of their strength and stiffness contribution in the in-plane direction while less studies have been carried out on their response in their out-of-plane (OOP) direction. OOP collapses were observed on recent earthquakes motivat...

Over the last years, the seismic behaviour of infilled reinforced concrete (RC) structures has been the focus of innumerable experimental and numerical studies. A big effort is being made by the scientific community to increase the knowledge regarding the seismic performance of these types of structures and to improve the numerical modelling capabi...

Purpose The infill masonry walls in recent worldwide earthquakes, shows that it’s necessary to conduct further studies to characterize the behaviour of existing buildings under seismic action and in particular to the infill masonry walls seismic behaviour. The lack of characterization studies of infill walls made by concrete blocks justifies the i...

Recent earthquakes highlighted the vulnerability of some infilled reinforced concrete structures due to the presence and distribution of the infill masonry walls. Buildings such as school buildings and residential buildings are typically not designed considering the contribution of the infill panels to the structure strength and stiffness, when the...

The aim of this research is to contribute to increase the understanding regarding the infill panels' OOP behavior and evaluate the influence of different variables in the panel' performance, such as: gravity load and panel support condition. For these experimental tests were carried composed by two full-scale infill panels subjected to uniform OOP...

The primary objective of this manuscript is to present a systematic review of experimental studies regarding infill masonry walls out-of-plane (OOP) behaviour. An extended database was built containing information from each experimental campaign and specimen tested. Parameters such as geometric dimensions, material and mechanical properties, test s...