Anabel Fraga

University Carlos III de Madrid | UC3M · Department of Computer Science and Engineering

The writing of accurate requirements is a critical factor in assuring the success of a project. Text patterns are knowledge artifacts that are used as templates to guide engineers in the requirements authoring process. However, generating a text pattern set for a particular domain is a time-consuming and costly activity that must be carried out by...

Tourist traceability is the analysis of the set of actions, procedures, and technical measures that allows us to identify and record the space–time causality of the tourist’s touring, from the beginning to the end of the chain of the tourist product. Besides, the traceability of tourists has implications for infrastructure, transport, products, mar...

It is not easy to define leadership and the characteristics a leader must have. Some authors prefer one or another skill, but definitions are diverse. Some sources try to indicate what it means and its implications. A holistic ethical leadership model cannot be defined circularly, but it must be understood, such as a praxis. Leadership means more t...

It is already common to compute quantitative metrics of requirements to assess their quality. However, the risk is to build assessment methods and tools that are both arbitrary and rigid in the parameterization and combination of metrics. Specifically, we show that a linear combination of metrics is insufficient to adequately compute a global measu...

Our purpose in this research is to develop a method to automatically and efficiently classify web images as Unified Modeling Language (UML) static diagrams, and to produce a computer tool that implements this function. The tool receives a bitmap file (in different formats) as an input and communicates whether the image corresponds to a diagram. For...

Although reuse is generally considered a good practice within software engineering, several problems dissuade its industrial application and a new viewpoint is needed. This paper presents a new perspective of reuse based on improved retrieval techniques for semantic content (knowledge). This approach, called Universal Knowledge Reuse Methodology (U...

The job of reviewing patents applications might be complicated because every day the quantity of it is greater and greater. Also, the amount of work dedicated to preparing a proper application might be complicated. The process needs several revisions from investors and examiners. This revision job might have costs for the inventor because they don’...

The use of different techniques and tools is a common practice to cover all stages in the systems development lifecycle, generating a very good number of system artefacts. Moreover, these artefacts are commonly encoded in different formats and can only be accessed, in most cases, through proprietary and non-standard protocols. This scenario can be...

This case study analyses the applicability of a Quality Improvement Process that will enhance the quality of the requirements using an existing requirement specification to seed the Knowledge Base with the organization know–how. This Knowledge Base drives the quality assessment and directs the requirement authors to the areas that can be improved....

Understanding and following safety standards with their text can be difficult. Ambiguity and inconsistency, among other issues, can easily arise. As a solution, several authors argue for the explicit representation of the standards with models, which can be created with semantic technologies such as ontologies. However, this possibility has receive...

The Requirements Engineering (RE) discipline has been promoted, implemented and deployed for more than 20 years through standardization agencies (ISO/IEC, IEEE) and national/international organizations (such as INCOSE). Ever since, despite an increasing maturity, RE remains a discipline unequally understood and implemented, even within the same org...

[EN] The glossariumBITri, planned as a central activity for the interdisciplinary study of information, developed by BITrum group in cooperation with the University of Santa Elena (Ecuador), essentially aims at serving as a tool for the clarification of concepts, theories and problems concerning information. Intending to embrace the most relevant p...

The present paper introduces an implementation of some INCOSE guidelines for writing high-quality requirements in industry, it presents the benefits of applying techniques, methods and tools in order to improve the Systems Engineering Process. It is also proposed an evaluation of the impact in the quality of requirements.

Our purpose in this research is to develop a methodology to automatically and efficiently classify web images as UML static diagrams, and to produce a computer tool that implements this function. The tool receives as input a bitmap file (in different formats) and tells whether the image corresponds to a diagram. The tool does not require that the i...

At the moment, a huge amount of scientific articles is available, referring to a wide variety of topics like medicine, technology, economics, finance, and so on. Scientific papers show results of scientific interest and also present the evaluation and interpretation of relevant arguments. Due to the fact that these papers are created with a high fr...

There has been a growing awareness of deep relations between software and knowledge. Software, from an efficiency oriented way to program computing machines, gradually converged to human oriented Runnable Knowledge. Apparently this has happened unintentionally, but knowledge is not incidental to software. The basic thesis: runnable knowledge is the...

Knowledge is centric to systems engineering, the knowledge management process must take into account that a Systems Knowledge Repository (SKR) exists as a key element for either quality improvement, traceability support and, in summary, reuse purposes. Requirements engineering in the Systems Engineering process is enhanced by using knowledge system...

In order to obtain a most effective return on a software project investment, then at least one requirements inspection shall be completed. A formal requirement inspection identifies low quality knowledge representation content in the requirements document. In software development projects where natural language requirements are produced, a requirem...

This article deals with a modern disease of academic science that consists of an enormous increase in the number of scientific publications without a corresponding advance of knowledge. Findings are sliced as thin as salami and submitted to different journals to produce more papers. If we consider academic papers as a kind of scientific 'currency'...

Problems found in the current Systems Engineering with focus in the Requirements Engineering Process shown that it could be improved using ontologies for aiding in the process. Requirements engineering in the Systems Engineering process is enhanced and quality of requirements enriched as well, improving Systems Engineering capabilities clearly can...

The idiosyncrasy of the Web has, in the last few years, been altered by Web 2.0 technologies and applications and the advent of the so-called Social Web. While users were merely information consumers in the traditional Web, they play a much more active role in the Social Web since they are now also data providers. The mass involved in the process o...

Context Generalization is a fundamental relationship in object orientation and in the UML (Unified Modeling Language). The generalization relationship is represented in the UML metamodel as a “directed relationship”. Objective Being a directed relationship corresponds to the nature of generalization in the semantic domain of object orientation: a...

In order to obtain a most effective return on a software project investment, then at least one requirements inspection shall be completed. This means that a software project requirements inspection shall never be omitted. This is because the requirements, especially those written in natural language, is the most important form of software knowledge...

Knowledge is one of the main assets that humans have, the knowledge achieved in one area may be applied in another different area; all that you need is to remember it and adapt it to the new area or problem. If we apply this concept in computer science, knowledge could be a powerful asset to store (as remember) and reuse (as adapt). Knowledge could...

Semantic Web technologies have contributed mainly to organize the knowledge and to search about this organized knowledge. One of the most important and complex kinds of search is to know if two entities are related within an ontology. These are called Semantic Associations, which have been classified using ρ operators: ρ-path, ρ-join and ρ-iso. The...

Within the discipline of natural language processing there are different approaches to analyze large amounts of text corpus. The identification patterns with semantic elements in a text let us classify and examine the corpus to facilitate interpretation and management of information through computers. This paper proposes the development of a softwa...

ContextSoftware Reuse has always been an important area amongst software companies in order to increase their productivity and the quality of their products, but code reuse is not the only answer for this. Nowadays, reuse techniques proposals include software designs or even software specifications. Therefore, this research focuses on software desi...

The web presents an autonomous evolution that could be optimised having moved towards a more formalised semantic. Web 2.0 and the Semantic Web are approaches that target the improvement of the web through mechanisms for sharing information and resources. This document argues that Web 2.0 is not an immature stage of the Semantic Web but an orthogona...

Semantic Web technologies have contributed mainly to organize the knowledge and to search about this organized knowledge. One of the most complex search is to know if two entities are related within a ontology. These are called Semantic Associations, which have been classified using ρ operators: ρ-path, ρ-join and ρ-iso. Then, a ρ-query will solve...

Requirements Engineering is a discipline that has been promoted, implemented and deployed for more than 20 years through the impulsion of standardization agencies (IEEE, ISO, ECSS,...) and national / international organizations such as AFIS, GfSE, INCOSE. Ever since, despite an increasing maturity, the Requirements Engineering discipline remains un...

Indexing languages have traditionally been an essential tool for organizing and retrieving documental information. The inclusion of indexing languages into the digital environment leads to new frontiers, but also new opportunities. This study shows the historical evolution of the indexing languages and its application in document management field....

Indexing languages have traditionally been an essential tool for organizing and retrieving documental information. The inclusion of indexing languages into the digital environment leads to new frontiers, but also new opportunities. This study shows the historical evolution of the indexing languages and its application in document management field....

At the moment, organizations are used to transforming in a continuous way and one of the main changes is technology; it is needed to develop new systems that help old systems to evolve. The change brings with it an intrinsic study and reuse of databases, its design must be assumed by software developers, they need to study old database designs beca...

La pregunta por la información cuestiona en esencia la naturaleza, la medida y las condiciones de aplicación de su contenido y de su flujo. Se trata de dotarnos de herramientas conceptuales, formales, incluso morales, capaces de refinar las nociones precientíficas vagas o metafóricas de información en todos los campos de conocimiento. El proyecto B...

Web 2.0 and the Semantic Web are approaches that target the improvement of the Web through the optimization of mechanisms for sharing information and resources. This document argues that Web 2.0 is not an immature stage of the Semantic Web but an orthogonal dimension of another Web aspect, the semantic. Unfortunately, both dimensions are not indepe...

Web 2.0 and the Semantic Web are approaches that target the im-provement of the Web through the optimization of mechanisms for sharing in-formation and resources. This document argues that Web 2.0 is not an imma-ture stage of the Semantic Web but an orthogonal dimension of another Web aspect, the semantic. Unfortunately, both dimensions are not ind...

La evolucion de internet hacia un escenario con mayor potencial y con usuarios cada vez mas involucrados en su gestion y desarrollo, requiere de la incorporacion de documentos con menor grado de ambigüedad semantica. La propuesta de la web semantica, a pesar de haber sido realizada hace casi una decada, tiene actualmente una implantacion modesta. P...

Among the various contemporary schools of moral thinking, consequence-based ethics, as opposed to rule-based, seems to have a good acceptance among professionals such as software engineers. But naïve consequentialism is intellectually too weak to serve as a practical guide in the profession. Besides, the complexity of software systems makes it very...

This paper describes the importance of new skilled architects in the discipline of Software and Enterprise Architecture. Architects are often idealized as super heroes with a lot of qualities that are very infrequent in contemporary people. The Enterprise/Software Architect role could be assumed by a group of people able to manage the qualities nee...

In this paper, we describe the importance of new software/enterprise architects in the discipline of software architecture and enterprise architecture. Both are often idealized as super heroes with a lot of qualities that are very infrequent in contemporary people. The enterprise/software architect role could be assumed by a group of people able to...

The routing algorithms like Storage Area Networks (SAN) algorithms are actually deterministic algorithms, but they may become heuristics or probabilistic just because of applying biological inspired algorithms like Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) of Dorigo. A variant suggested by Navarro and Sinclair in the University of Essex in UK, it is called MAC...

At the moment, there is a need for new knowledge representation using Thesaurus or Ontologies because of the need to reuse knowledge. In this paper, a Software Architecture knowledge representation is created, for that purpose a manual and automatic methodology for creating it is used. A new manual methodology is provided in the paper. CAKE (Comput...

Among the various contemporary schools of moral thinking, consequence-based ethics, as opposed to rule-based, seems to have a good acceptance among professionals such as software engineers. But naïve consequentialism is intellectually too weak to serve as a practical guide in the profession. Besides, the complexity of software systems makes it very...

In this paper, we describe the importance of Non Functional Requirements (NFR) and how to reuse and integrate them into the Software Development Process (SDP). Traditional flow of requirements is used to make no difference between functional and non functional requirements; it is our intention to set apart both in the SDP, and help to trace and int...

La Web 2.0 y la Web Semántica son planteamientos que pretenden la mejora de la Web mediante la optimización de los mecanismos para compartir información y recursos. En este documento se argumenta que la Web 2.0 no es un estadio inmaduro de la Web Semántica sino una dimensión ortogonal de otra dimensión de la Web, la semántica. De esta manera se mue...

If we are planning to do a global architecture description of a system, diverse criteria and concept applications could be used. The problems increase applying a Aspect Oriented (AO) development. A research has started in order to aid the Aspect Oriented Software Development (AOSD), as well as support possible investigation in the area of quality S...