Ana Quirce

Instituto de Física de Cantabria- Universidad de Cantabria

We report an experimental study of the effect of the temperature of the VCSEL on the probability of excitation of a linearly polarized mode when gain-switching the device. We consider different modulation frequencies and amplitudes. We show that the probability of excitation of a linearly polarized mode significantly changes with the value of the t...

We report a quantum random number generator based on a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. In our experiment the current applied to this laser is periodically modulated in a such a way that the linearly polarized modes of the device are randomly excited. We collect a sufficient number of random bits in order to evaluate if a standard statistica...

We experimentally study a quantum random number generator based on the random excitation of the linearly polarized modes of a gain-switched vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). Our device is characterized by having polarization switching under continuous wave operation. By measuring the linear polarization mode that is excited in each pu...

Quantum random number generation (QRNG) has become a topic of growing interest in recent years due to important applications in cryptography and simulations. Interferometric detection of phase diffusion in gain-switched single-mode semiconductor lasers is one of the main generation techniques. In this paper, we study experimentally and theoreticall...

In this paper, we report an experimental and theoretical study of the random excitation of the linearly polarized modes of a gain-switched VCSEL characterized by having polarization switching under continuous wave operation. We show that equal probability of excitation of both linearly polarized modes can be achieved by adjusting the modulation con...

We have designed and characterized an indium phosphide photonic integrated frequency shifter especially suitable for heterodyne detection. We report good performance up to 300 MHz and agreement between experimental results, analytical model, and numerical simulations.

In this paper, we report a theoretical and experimental study of the phase diffusion in a gain-switched single-mode semiconductor laser. Our modelling includes nonlinear dependencies of the carrier recombination rate and the semiconductor material gain on the carrier number. Also a comparison with the results obtained with linear models is performe...

We present experiments and numerical simulations of optical frequency combs generated by gain-switching a single mode laser diode when subject to optical injection. Our analysis focuses on the combs with a frequency separation $f_R$ in the GHz range. We present experimental maps in the parameter space spanned by the detuning and the strength of t...

The present theoretical work studies optical frequency combs (OFCs) associated with both linear polarizations of a gain switching vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to optical injection of arbitrary polarization. The overall OFC, formed by the two orthogonally polarized sub-combs, can have an expanded optical span in agreement w...

Photonic microwave generation is studied theoretically in a single-transverse mode VCSEL subject to parallel optical injection. We focus on the dependence of microwave power and frequency on the frequency detuning. We find that, for a fixed injection power, the microwave power at the fundamental frequency is maximum for two different values of the...

We present experimental and theoretical results of noise-induced attractor hopping between dynamical states found in a single transverse mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to parallel optical injection. These transitions involve dynamical states with different polarizations of the light emitted by the VCSEL. We report an ex...

In this paper, we report on the polarization dynamics of a 1550~nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) under gain switching regime. We focus our analysis on the resulting optical frequency combs (OFC) associated with the main and suppressed polarization modes. Measurement of the parameters characterizing the polarization behavior of our...

We report an experimental study of the polarization nonlinear dynamics in a 1550 nm single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to parallel optical injection. Experimentally measured stability maps identifying regions of different nonlinear dynamics for various values of bias current are reported. We show that VCSELs with mor...

We present experimental and theoretical results of bistable polarization switching in a single transverse mode 1550 nm VCSEL subject to parallel optical injection. We focus our analysis on the bistability induced by power variation of the master laser found on the recently observed state of simultaneous injection locking of the parallel polarizatio...

We investigate experimentally and theoretically the polarization switching found in single-transverse-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) when subject to parallel optical injection. Our analysis focuses on a recently observed state in which injection locking of the parallel polarization and excitation of the free-running orthogona...

In this paper we present an experimental study of bandwidths of broadband chaotic signals in a single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to orthogonal optical injection and optical feedback simultaneously. Bandwidths of the two linear polarizations and total power are measured for different values of frequency detuning and...

The time-delay signature and the chaos bandwidth in three-cascaded vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers have been investigated experimentally. A peak value of autocorrelation coefficient at the feedback round trip time and the ratio between this peak value and its background are used to quantitatively identify the time-delay (TD) signature of ch...

Polarization switching in a long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) under parallel optical injection is analyzed in a theoretical and experimental way. For the first time, to our knowledge, we report experimentally a state in which injection locking of the parallel polarization and excitation of the free-running orthogonal po...

We report a theoretical and experimental analysis of the polarization switching found in a single-transverse mode VCSEL when subject to parallel optical injection. We have found a novel situation in which injection locking of the parallel polarization and excitation of the free-running orthogonal polarization of the VCSEL are simultaneously obtaine...

The complexity of chaos generated in two systems has been studied experimentally. The complexity of the chaos is quantified by calculating average normalized permutation entropy (HS(P)). In the first system, a chaotic output from a master laser (ML) is injected into a CW slave laser (SL). The results show that the complexity of chaos generated in t...

We present an experimental study of the nonlinear dynamics and the chaos synchronization using an asymmetric all-fiber setup in mutually coupled but nonidentical 1550-nm VCSELs with a large total coupling delay time of 274.2 ns. The linear polarization of the two VCSELs is adjusted to be parallel to each other, i.e. to achieve parallel coupling. Th...

We report on an experimental investigation of the nonlinear dynamics and the chaos synchronization in mutually coupled but nonidentical 1550-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) subject to optical injection with parallel polarizations of the two lasers. We use an asymmetric all-fiber setup with a large total coupling delay time, 274....

Measurements of the polarization-resolved characteristics of a 1550nm Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) as a function of the temperature are presented. Type I (from the high-frequency to the low-frequency polarization mode) and Type II (from the low-frequency to the high-frequency polarization mode) Polarization Switchings (PS) are fou...

Polarization switching in a long-wavelength VCSEL under parallel optical injection is analyzed in a theoretical and experimental way. We find a novel situation in which injection locking of the parallel polarization and excitation of the free-running orthogonal polarization of the VCSEL are simultaneously obtained.

We experimentally and theoretically investigate microwave signal generation using a 1550nm VCSEL subject to two-frequency parallel optical injection. It is found that microwave signals can be generated outside the double injection locking region.

We experimentally and theoretically investigate microwave signal generation using a 1550nm VCSEL subject to two-frequency orthogonal optical injection. It is found that microwave linewidth is given by the sum of the linewitdhs of the two master lasers.

Chaotic Lidar systems (CLIDAR) are used for high-resolution ranging. They are based on the correlation of a chaotic signal waveform with the signal that is reflected back from the target. We report a novel CLIDAR system based on the autocorrelation of the signal obtained by the superposition of the chaotic signal waveform and the signal that is ref...

We have measured the effect of the temperature on the polarization-resolved characteristics of a 1550-nm singletransverse mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). Two double polarization switchings (PS) are observed. For low temperatures a PS from longer to shorter wavelengths (Type II PS) followed by the opposite PS (Type I) is observe...

We experimentally and theoretically investigate the photonic generation of microwave signals using a long-wavelength single-transverse-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to two-frequency orthogonal optical injection. We study if a significant reduction of the linewidth is achieved in the double injection locking regime. In...

Two types of polarization switching (PS): simple (with two minima) and double PS, are found injecting to the suppressed linear polarization and to the linear polarization of the solitary VCSEL respectively, under orthogonal optical injection.

We report on an experimental study of the injected optical power required for polarization switching (PS) in a VCSEL subject to orthogonal optical injection. This power is found as a function of the frequency detuning between the injected light and the suppressed linear polarization of the solitary VCSEL. Increasing the injected power wWe found two...

We have studied experimentally and theoretically the nonlinear dynamics of a 1550 nm single transverse mode VCSEL subject to two-frequency orthogonal optical injection. In this type of injection both injected fields have a linear polarization that is orthogonal to that of the free-running VCSEL. We have found different behaviors that include irregu...

All-optical inversion in single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) under single- and dual-polarized optical injection is numerically analyzed. For single optical injection, turn-on delay of the parallel polarized power and spikes of the orthogonally polarized power are similar to those found when gain-switching a multimode semico...

We experimentally investigate high-frequency microwave signal generation using a 1550 nm single-mode VCSEL subject to two-frequency optical injection. We first consider a situation in which the injected signals come from two similar VCSELs. The polarization of the injected light is parallel to that of the injected VCSEL. We obtain that the VCSEL ca...

We study photonic microwave signal generation obtained when single- and multi-transverse-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are subject to two-frequency orthogonal optical injection. Our calculations show that broadly tunable microwave signals can be obtained in these systems. The response of the multi-transverse-mode VCSEL is en...

In this paper we report a new method of photonic generation of microwave signals using a multi-transverse mode VCSEL subject to two-frequency optical injection. Numerical simulations show that double injection locking involving two transverse modes can be obtained in these systems. We show that the higher-order transverse mode is excited with a muc...

An all-optical inverter using polarization switching (PS) of a long-wavelength single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is experimentally demonstrated. PS appears when linearly polarized light is injected orthogonally to the linear polarization of the solitary VCSEL. The dynamic behavior of an all-optical inverter under different...

We present a theoretical and experimental study of the polarization-resolved nonlinear dynamics of a 1550nm single-mode linearly polarized VCSEL when subject to orthogonal optical injection. Anticorrelated (correlated) dynamics between the two linear polarizations emitted by the VCSEL is found for negative (positive) frequency detuning. Our theoret...

We report a theoretical study of the polarization and transverse mode properties of single and multi-transverse mode VCSELs when they are subject to two-frequency, or dual-beam, orthogonal optical injection. We analyze the nonlinear dynamics of the system making special emphasis in the double injection locking observed at large injection strengths,...

We have studied the effect of orthogonal optical injection on a multitransverse-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). The injection beam comes from a similar VCSEL. Our results reveal that, when the receiver operates with several strong transverse modes of parallel polarization, optical injection can induce polarization switching in...

We have analyzed experimentally the optical power polarization bistability induced in a long-wavelength multitransverse mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) under orthogonal optical injection. Bistability with very wide hysteresis cycles is measured for both the fundamental and the high-order transverse mode of the device. The shape...

We report an experimental study of the polarization-resolved nonlinear dynamics of a 1550nm single-mode linearly polarized VCSEL when subject to orthogonal optical injection. We measure high-resolution (10 MHz) optical spectra of the linear polarizations and the total power emitted by the VCSEL. Spectra are analyzed together with the simultaneous t...

We have studied experimentally effects of two-frequency optical injection on a multimode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL). The injected signal comes from another VCSEL. Polarization switching (PS) with and without frequency locking occurs for relatively small frequency detuning. Outside the regime of polarization switching, the VCSEL...

We report a first experimental study of the polarization-resolved nonlinear dynamics of a 1550 nm single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to orthogonal optical injection. Stability maps identifying the boundaries between regions of different nonlinear dynamics are reported for two different values of the bias current. A r...

We present an experimental and theoretical study of the polarization and time-resolved nonlinear dynamics of a long-wavelength single-mode linearly polarized vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to orthogonal optical injection. Special attention is paid to the correlation properties of both linear polarizations emitted by the VCSE...

All-optical processing of high-speed signals is expected to be a key technology in future photonic networks. VCSELs are very promising devices for these applications due to their inherent advantages. Nonlinear transfer functions can be obtained by using optical injection because it strongly affects the transverse mode and polarization characteristi...

The intensity noise spectra of several multi-transverse mode 1550-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have been experimentally investigated. For a VCSEL emitting in two parallel polarized transverse modes the noise spectra of the individual modes and total power show two resonance peaks. The frequencies at which both peaks appear ha...

Theintensitynoisespectraofseveralmulti-transverse mode 1550-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) have been experimentally investigated. For a VCSEL emitting in two parallel polarized transverse modes the noise spectra of the individual modes and total power show two resonance peaks. The frequencies at which both peaks appear have bee...

Polarization switching (PS) appearing in long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) subject to orthogonal optical injection is investigated theoretically and experimentally. We have studied the injected optical power required for PS as a function of the frequency detuning between the injected light and the orthogonal linear po...

In this work we perform an experimental study of the polarization-resolved nonlinear dynamics of a 1550 nm single-mode linearly polarized VCSEL when subject to orthogonal optical injection. We have measured the stability maps that identify the boundaries between regions of different nonlinear dynamics by using the RF-spectrum of the total power. Th...

An experimental investigation of the modal selection induced by optical injection in 1550 nm multitransverse-mode VCSELs is performed. The free-running VCSEL emits in two transverse modes that are linearly polarized in a direction referred as parallel. We consider the situation in which parallel polarized laser light is injected in the VCSEL in ord...

We report on a theoretical and experimental investigation of the bistable behavior of the polarization of long-wavelength single-transverse mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) when subject to orthogonal optical injection. We have studied the bistability properties of the polarization switching that appear when changing the master...

Modal selection induced by parallel polarized optical injection is studied experimentally in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) with emission in two transverse modes. We report that the selection of the fundamental transverse mode can be achieved when the two transverse modes have parallel polarizations. The selection of the fundament...

We have performed an experimental investigation of the RIN spectra of multimode 1550 nm VCSELs. Several types of multi-transverse mode VCSELs have been considered. The first one emits in two transverse modes for large values of the bias current. Both modes are linearly polarized and have parallel polarizations. Two resonance peaks appear in the noi...

We report a first experimental study of the nonlinear dynamics appearing in a 1550 nm single-mode VCSEL subject to parallel and to orthogonal optical injection. For the first time to our knowledge we report experimentally measured stability maps identifying the boundaries between regions of different nonlinear dynamics for both cases of polarized i...

In this work we report on an experimental investigation of the bistability found in 1550 nm multitransverse-mode VCSELs subject to orthogonal optical injection. The VCSEL emits in two transverse modes that are linearly polarized in a direction referred as parallel. We study the dependence of the bistable behaviour on the detuning between the freque...

We have performed an experimental investigation of the RIN spectra of multimode 1550 nm VCSELs. Several types of multi-transverse mode VCSELs have been considered. The first one emits in two transverse modes for large values of the bias current. Both modes are linearly polarized and have parallel polarizations. Two resonance peaks appear in the noi...

We report an experimental study of the injection locking properties and nonlinear dynamics of a 1550nm-Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) subject to parallel and to orthogonal polarized optical injection into the two orthogonal polarizations of the fundamental transverse mode of the device. A rich variety of nonlinear dynamics have been...