Amro Babiker Hassan

• PhD. Professor
• King Saud University/ National Center for Reseach, Sudan

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a valuable oilseed crop that is widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions because of its high oil content and favorable fatty acid profile. This study evaluated 200 genetically diverse genotypes in two distinct environments (Abu‐Naama and Matuq) using an augmented block design. We employed three genome‐wide ass...

This study investigated the potential of Jir, a starch derived from fermented dehulled pearl millet grains, and its future applications. The physicochemical, colorimetric, thermal, pasting, and textural properties of Jir were evaluated across five Sudanese pearl millet genotypes, two extraction layers, and two fermentation durations. Principal comp...

This study aims to investigate the valorization of the wasted aerial parts of root vegetables (onion, white radish, red radish, carrot, and beetroot) as a source of minerals and antioxidant compounds. The findings revealed that the aerial parts of the plants contained valuable amounts of the total phenolic and total flavonoid content with high anti...

Pearl millet is widely recognized for its exceptional nutritional benefits and adaptability to harsh environmental conditions. Due to these valuable traits, it has become a staple food crop in various regions across the globe. This study investigates the impact of traditional processing methods on the phytochemical composition and antiox-idant prop...

This study explores the effect of ultrasonic treatment followed by fermentation on the in vitro protein digestibility, protein solubility, functional properties, antioxidant activity, total carotenoid content, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in millet grains. Ultrasonic treatment was applied at different temperatures (20, 40, and 60 °C)....

Backgrounds Phosphorus is a critical nutrient in agriculture, influencing plant growth and nutritional quality. Objectives This study, uniquely designed to investigate the effects of phosphorus (P) fertilization levels, sorghum cultivars, and growing locations on phytochemical content and antioxidant activity in sorghum grains, employed four sorgh...

Storage stability under non-optimal conditions is an essential characteristic of Sudanese sesame. To understand opportunities to improve storage stability in sesame, seed quality, storability characteristics, content of fatty acids and phyto-chemicals, and antioxidant capacity were evaluated in ten Sudanese genotypes subjected to high temperature (...

Pearl millet is widely recognized for its exceptional nutritional benefits and adaptability to harsh environmental conditions. Due to these valuable traits, it has become a staple food crop in various regions across the globe. This study investigates the impact of traditional processing methods on the phytochemical composition and antioxidant prope...

In this work, ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation was applied at dose levels of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2.0 kJ.m–2 to evaluate changes on the antioxidant capacity of dried fennel seeds, chilli pepper, and coriander seeds powder during storage. The samples’ total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydra-zyl activity, a...

Leptadenia pyrotechnica is considered a wild herb used to enhance the palatability of food, particularly in the Gulf region. The effect of microwave (5, 8, and 10 min at 900 W) and hot-air heating (60, 120, and 180 min at 100 °C) on the phenolic compounds and antioxidants of L. pyrotechnica stems was investigated. The results showed that microwave...

The chemical composition, carotenoids, anthocyanins, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of three date seed cultivars, mainly Barhi, Ruthana, and Qatarah, were investigated. Date seed bioactive compounds were extracted by using different extraction solvents. The chemical analysis revealed that the Barhi cultiva...

This research was undertaken to validate the low dosages of γ-radiation of sorghum to examine the efficiency of gamma irradiation doses in quality attributes and storability of sorghum grain. Infested sorghum grains with the red flour beetle at the adult stage were irradiated at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 2.0 kGy emitted by ⁶⁰CO. Subsequently, the m...

This research aim was to assess the impact of the seed extracts of the date cultivars (Qatara, Barhi, and Ruthana) on rat's liver steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation triggered by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD). The experimental design was based on random partitioning into two groups; one that received the standard diet and another that rec...

The influence of common home processing methods was investigated on the color characteristics, phenolic component, antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] and ferric-reducing antioxidant power [FRAP] activity) and the levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in cowpea pods. The processing methods significantly increased the total phe...

This study examines food safety awareness and practices among handlers in the food service sector at Riyadh City hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Three hundred and fifteen (315) food service workers completed the entire questionnaire from five hospitals in Riyadh City between December 2020 and February 2021. The contributor’s respondents’ th...

Hulu‐mur is a Sudanese traditional nonalcoholic beverage that is made from sorghum flour. This work determined the secondary metabolites and antioxidant activities of traditional Sudanese nonalcoholic beverage Hulu‐mur from two local sorghum landraces Abjaro and Hegarii. The changes on the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC)...

The aim of this study was to validate the optimum doses of γ‐radiation and its effect on the antioxidant capacity and microbial load of fennel seeds and cinnamon sticks. Gamma irradiation was applied in different doses 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10, and 15 kGy. The findings stated that increasing gamma dose significantly (p < .05) increased the total phen...

Background UV-C has been suggested as an alternative technology in controlling food spoilage by primary and secondary pests. Its effects on the storability characteristics of sesame seeds during storage were evaluated. Methods The UV-C (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 kJ m⁻²) was applied to explore its Effect on the fungal growth, aflatoxin content, water acti...

The present study aimed to investigate the total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity in terms of the DPPH scavenging, reducing power, and H2O2 scavenging of the aerial parts of onion, white radish, red radish, carrot, and beet as affected by different extraction solvents. Generally, the aerial part of these vegetables has high ant...

This study aimed to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) seed oil obtained from local Sudanese pumpkins. Three different genotypes of the pumpkin fruits as round, elongated and bell shapes were collected from Elgadarif State, Sudan. The oil’s seeds’ physical and chemical characteristics were determi...

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of boiling, roasting and boiling followed by roasting treatments on the nutritional quality of two Sudanese peanut cultivars, Sodari and Madani. Both cultivars are rich in fat content, protein content and bioavailability of macroelements and microelements. The thermal treatments were critical, redu...

This study evaluated phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activities of four sorghum cultivars (Hakika, P954063, Tabat, and Tetron) inoculated with (AMF+) and without (AMF-) Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). The total phenolic, flavonoid, total carotenoids, and tannin concentration were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in AMF+ sorghum grain for...

This study aimed to estimate the γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) content and glutamate decarboxylase activity (GAD) in germinated sorghum grain as affected by different concentrations of NaCl, pyridoxal 5‐phosphate (PLP), and CaCl2. In general, the obtained results revealed that the addition of low doses of NaCl (40 mmol/L), PLP (90 mmol/L), and CaCl2 (...

This study investigated the chemical changes of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity during the preparation of traditional Sudanese asida prepared from gamma-radiated (1.0 and 2.0 kGy) flour of two sorghum cultivars (Tabat and Wad Ahmed). For both cultivars, the irradiation process significantly (p < 0.05) increased the total phenolic content an...

The present study reports a cost-effective, environmentally friendly method to increase the bioavailability and bio-efficacy of B. rufescens stem bark extract in the biological system via functional modification as B. rufescens stem bark nanoparticles (BR-TO2-NPs). The biosynthesis of BR- -NPs was confirmed by UV-visible (UV-vis) and Fourier-transf...

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of boiling and roasting treatments on the phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of pod shells of two Sudanese peanut cultivars, Sodari and Ghabiash. The samples were subjected to a boiling process (1:5 w/v; 20 g/100 mL) at 100 °C for 45 min and a roasting treatment at 180 °C for...

Effects of fermentation on the chemical composition, mineral, total phenolic, total flavonoid, tannin, vitamin C, total carotenoid content, and antioxidant activity of “Nabag” Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) seeds were investigated. The fermentation process was carried out for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. The fermentation significantly (p < 0.05) improved the...

This study investigated the effect of solar drying on storability and physiochemical and antioxidant capacities of dried tomatoes. Sliced fruit was dried at 45 ± 2 °C for 24 h under a solar tunnel dryer and stored at ambient temperature for 90 and 180 days. Solar drying treatments significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the bacterial and mold load, and el...

Effect of traditional fermentation on pH, titratable acidity, proteins, amino acids, and sugars contents of three local sorghum cultivars namely Hamra, Biadah and Shahla used in making khamir local bread were investigated. During 24 fermentations, the pH of fermented dough dropped sharply and this was coincided with increase in total acidity. Ferme...

Microwave energy have been explored in the food industry for controlling pests in the stored commoditie. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of microwave (300 W) heating at different temperatures (50, 55 and 60 °C) on the germination rate, colour, composition and pasting properties of corn grains with different initial moisture cont...

Sorghum grains were subjected to microwave heating at different power levels 350 and 500 W for application times of 15, 30, and 45 seconds. The effect of microwave heating on fungal growth, protein content, in vitro digestibility, protein solubility, and functional and antioxidant properties of sorghum grain was investigated. The microwave heating...

Protein profile and functional properties of the defatted flour, protein concentrate and isolate prepared from Al-Samh seeds were investigated. SDS-PAGE revealed the molecular weight distribution of samples protein was found in the range of ~15 and ~80 kDa. Both water and oil holding capacities were found to be significantly different among all sam...

The fortification of yogurt with natural bioactive compounds could improve its nutritional and health potentials. In this study, physicochemical, antioxidant, and sensory qualities of set-type yogurt were fortified with different concentrations (0.0, 0.1, and 0.2 g/100 mL) of argel leaf extract (ALE) during cold storage was assessed. Both ALE and s...

This work is aimed to describe the phytonutrients and antioxidant activity, protein content, in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD), protein fraction and bioavailability of Fe and Zn of five sorghum landraces grains grown in Sudan. The results displayed significant differences in all quality tests among the landraces. Tetron landrace shows the highe...

Ultraviolet (UV-C) radiation treatment effects on microbial load, total phenolic content, total flavonoids and antioxidant activities of three spices, hot pepper, fennel and coriander, were investigated. Spice samples were placed 15 cm from the UV-C source for 20, 40 and 60 min to provide doses of 3.5, 7.0 and 10.4 kJ m⁻² inside the package. UV-C t...

The flour of roasted Samh seeds, from a rarely studied and unconventional wild cereal plant, is used by Bedouins in Saudi Arabia as a substitute or supplement for wheat flour during the preparation of several traditional dishes. This study investigated the effect of roasting on the antioxidant activity, bioactive compounds, fatty acids, and mineral...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the protein content, in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD), tannin content, phytic acid content, total polyphenol content and total and bioavailability of minerals of sixteen genotypes of sweet sorghum grains grown in Sudan. The protein content of the samples ranged from a high of 15.1% for S6 genotype to...

Gamma irradiation has been established as a safe and effective method for shelf-life extension and improvement of overall nutritional attributes of food.  The aim of this study was to determine the fungal growth, aflatoxin production, nutritive value of two groundnut cultivars as affected by gamma irradiation at dose levels of 0, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0...

The objective of this study was to characterize the nutritional value in term of protein content, in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD), tannin content, phytic acid content, total polyphenol content and total and bioavailability of minerals of sixteen genotypes of sweet sorghum grains grown in Sudan. The protein content of the samples ranged from a...

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of gamma irradiation (5 and 10 kGy) and microwave treatments (500 W for 45 and 90 s) on the microbial load (bacterial and fungal counts), total phenolics (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC) and antioxidant activity of cinnamon, fennel and hot pepper. Both treatments reduced the total counts of bacteria...

In the last decades, deficiency of macro‐ and micronutrients was considered as a serious problem associated with the increase in the human population. To meet the increased demand for food consumption, the wild relative plant might serve as an important source of new genetic material for increasing macro‐ and micronutrients. To investigate this, th...

This study investigated the free fatty acids, fatty acid profile, total phenolics, and antioxidant activity of sesame seed oil extracted from γ-irradiated seeds and the decontamination effects of the treatment on fungal incidence in the seeds. Gamma irradiation reduced (P ≤ 0.05) fungal growth and colony forming units of sesame seeds in a dose-depe...

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation at dose levels of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 kGy on fungal growth, free fatty acids, in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD), protein solubility, and functional properties of sorghum grains. Results indicated that radiation process enhanced the storability properties. It eliminate...

The study was aimed at investigating the effect of radio frequency (RF) heating at different temperatures on the protein profile and functional properties of maize grains. Maize grains with 14% moisture content exposed to the radio frequency energy at 300 W for different temperatures 50, 55 and 60 °C, respectively. The results indicated that radio...

This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant power associated with spent coffee and blacktea processing waste. Ethanolic extracts from the samples were prepared in order to determine thequantities/concentrations of the phenolic and flavonoid compounds, polyphenols, and associatedlevels of antioxidant activity. The results showed that both the spent...

This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant power associated with spent coffee and black tea processing waste. Ethanolic extracts from the samples were prepared in order to determine the quantities/concentrations of the phenolic and flavonoid compounds, polyphenols, and associated levels of antioxidant activity. The results showed that both the sp...

This study was aimed at investigating the effect of gamma irradiation at various doses (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kGy) on protein characteristics and functional properties of sesame seeds. Gamma radiation at high doses (>1.0 kGy) significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased globulin and albumin fractions of sesame protein. Concomitant (P ≤ 0.05) increase of in-v...

Phenolic compounds, vitamin C, and the antioxidant activity of wasted parts of citrus (orange, lemon, and grapefruit) fruits were investigated. Ethanolic extracts from whole fruit, peel, and pulp containing seeds of each type of citruses were prepared. Within each type of citrus, results revealed that peels contained a higher amount of phenolic com...

Abstact In this study, radio frequency heat treatment at varying temperatures (50, 55, and 60°C) was applied to investigate its impact on the nutritional quality and protein solubility of corn. The nutritive value was measured in terms of crude protein content, in vitro protein digestibility, bioavailability of Fe and Ca, and antinutritional factor...

In this study, radio frequency heat treatment at varying temperatures (50, 55, and 60°C) was applied to investigate its impact on the nutritional quality and protein solubility of corn. The nutritive value was measured in terms of crude protein content, in vitro protein digestibility, bioavailability of Fe and Ca, and antinutritional factors, tanni...

In the Sudan, Contaminated drinking water poses a major health hazard for both human b and animal. Previous studies revealed that drinking water in Sudan, particularly from the Nile, contaminated with the E. coli due to the human activities along the river Nile. Furthermore, raw drinking water from blue Nile was found to be contaminated with severa...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gamma radiation processing of millet grains on fungal incidence, germination, free fatty acids content, protein solubility, digestible protein, and antinutritional factors (tannin and phytic acid). The grains were exposed to gamma radiation at doses 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 2.0 kGy. Obtained resu...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cow rumen fluid concentrations, as starter, on biogas production from goat manure. Biogas production experiment was carried out by subjecting goat manure to anaerobic digestion under different concentrations of cow rumen fluid (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3 g per 2.5 L digester) for 45 working da...

The effect of gamma irradiation (0.5 and 1.0 kGy) and/or cooking on the proximate composition, mineral content, tannin content, phytic acid content and the in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) of two Sudanese faba bean cultivars (BB7-S1 and SH-S2) was investigated in the present study. The results obtained revealed that gamma irradiation and/or co...

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation processing alone or in combination with cooking on the nutritional quality of white bean seeds. The seeds were treated with gamma irradiation at dose levels of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kGy. The nutritive value of treated seeds was measured in terms of crude protein content, miner...

The effect of gamma irradiation of two peanut cultivars (Sodari and Madani) on protein content, in vitro protein digestibility and availability of calcium, phosphorus and iron was determined. Seeds were treated with gamma irradiation at dose levels of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kGy. Total protein in seeds was not changed significantly by irradiation. However...

Infestation with the insect pest is a major problem associate with producing, storing and marketing of grains. Microwave and radio frequency are emerging as safe alternatives to chemical methods, eliminating chemical residue and minimize the grain damage. The present study was performed to investigate the efficiency of microwave and radio frequency...

OPTIMUS Printed in Germany $ 47,70 CHF 45,50 EUR [A] 37,90 EUR [D] 34,90 Infestation with the insect pest is a major problem associate with producing , storing and marketing of grains. Microwave and radio frequency are emerging as safe alternatives to chemical methods, eliminating chemical residue and minimize the grain damage. The present study wa...

This study was aimed to investigate the efficiency of gamma irradiation in extending the shelf life of stored products. The fungal growth, aflatoxin production and seed quality of two cultivars of ground nut (Arachis hypogaea) namely Sodari and Madani was determined after irradiation at dose levels 0, 1, 1.5 and 2 kGy followed by storage at room te...

Infestation with insect pests is a serious problem associated with raw and processed stored products. Among the stored product pests, maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Co-leoptera: Curculionidae), is one of the most economic primary pests of stored cereal grains, particularly maize. Generally, chemical fumigants are used to disinfest product, howev...

The maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) is one of the most serious pests of stored cereal grains especially maize in tropical and subtropical regions. The major effect of infestation by maize weevil is the grain damage due to feeding activities of the adults and the development of immature stages within the grain. This has a negative impa...

Two faba bean cultivars (BB7 and Hudieba-93) and two white bean cultivars (Giza3 and RO21) were used in this study. The seeds of the cultivars were cooked. For both cooked and uncooked, the proximate composition, antinutritional factors, and the digestibility of both total and fractionated proteins were determined. The results obtained showed that...

To investigate the effect of gamma irradiation on the nutritional quality of maize and sorghum grains, packs were exposed to doses of 0 and 2 kGy in a 60 Co package irradiator. Irradiated and non-irradiated samples were stored at refrigeration temperatures. Proximate composition, minerals content, minerals bio-availability, tannins content, phytic...

The effect of cooking on total protein digestibility and fractions content and structure of lentil cultivars was investigated. Cooking significantly (P = 0.05) reduced the protein digestibility using pepsin and/or pancreatin. Pepsin digestibility of raw seeds ranged from 44.6 to 52.1% and that of both pepsin and pancreatin ranged from 81.8 to 99.9%...

Millet grains of cultivars Gazira and Gadarif were processed. The processed grains were fermented for 12 and 24 h. Total and extractable Ca, P, Fe and Zn of processed grains before and after fermentation were investigated. Compared to fine ground grains (control), the data showed that, the effect of processing treatments on minerals content was flu...

The proximate composition and the levels of antinutritional factors, protein digestibility, minerals extractability and physiochemical properties of boiled and fried locust flour consumed in Sudan were determined. Results showed that during processing the proximate composition fluctuated for both samples with a maximum protein content of 67.75% and...

The effect of roasting on proximate composition and the levels of antinutritional factors, protein digestibility, minerals extractability and physiochemical properties of pumpkin seeds consumed in Sudan were determined. Results showed that processing significantly (p < 0.05) reduced protein content. Roasting of pumpkin seeds significantly (p < 0.05...

White bean seeds were subjected to soaking in distilled water for 1, 2 and 3 days. In order to perform complete processing, the seeds were cooked until soft. Effects of soaking and/or cooking of white bean seeds on antinutritional factors, mineral contents and HCl-extractability were studied. Phytic acid and polyphenol contents of all cultivars wer...

Millet protein was solubilized by chymotrypsin; the soluble protein was conjugated to galactomannan under controlled conditions (60 °C, 76% RH) or polymerised by transglutaminase (TGase). SDS–PAGE patterns showed that the conjugated and polymerised proteins had higher molecular mass bands above the stacking gel. SDS–PAGE patterns also indicated tha...

Two pearl millet cultivars (Gazira and Gadarif) were processed (grinding, soaking, autoclaving, germinating and debranning). The processed grains were fermented for 12 and 24hrs. Phytic acid, polyphenols and tannin contents were determined. Results obtained showed that phytic acid content was 987.19 and 952.51 mg/100g for Gazira and Gadarif cultiva...

Four pearl millet cultivars of two different species--Kordofani and Ugandi (Pennisetum typhoideum) and Madelkawaya and Shambat (Pennisetum glaucum)--were germinated for 6 days. The germinated grains were dried and milled. Phytic acid and polyphenol contents and hydrochloric acid (HCl) extractability of minerals from the malt flours were determined...

For assessing daily environmental contamination, five types of fresh vegetables were collected from three different sites in Khartoum State, Sudan (roadside farm, roadside market and open market) and analysed for heavy metal content and pesticides residues before and after washing. Results showed that for all sites lead concentration was very high...

The protein solubility and functional properties of boiled and fried locust were determined at different pH in order to ascertain their suitability as food or food ingredients. The results indicated that the emulsifying activity, emulsion capacity and foaming capacity were affected by pH. For both boiled and fried locust, high values for the parame...

The effect of autoclaving on the functional properties of defatted chickpea flour as a function of pH was investigated. Autoclaving improved both water retention capacity and bulk density from 130 to 141 % and from 0.55 to 0.57 g/ml, respectively, but decreased fat absorption capacity from 141 to 135%. Both treated and untreated flour showed higher...

The proximate composition, antinutritional factors and protein fractions of guar seeds were studied before and after autoclaving, soaking followed by dehulling and germination treatments. Chemical composition was varied between the treatments. Soaking of seeds followed by dehulling significantly increase protein content to 67.8%. Germination of see...

Two pearl millet cultivars namely Gadarif and Gazeera were used in this study. The effect of soaking, debranning, dry heating and germination of the grains before and after fermentation on protein content and digestibility was investigated. The effect of processing treatments on the protein content was fluctuated and varied between the cultivars. F...

Sorghum grains of cultivars Wad Ahmed and Tabat were germinated for 1, 2 and 4 days to obtain 1-, 2- and 4- day-old malts. About 1% of sorghum malt was added to sorghum flour. The mixtures were incubated at 30^oC with shaking for 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. Phytic acid and tannin contents and minerals extractability (as an index for minerals...

The effect of autoclaving on the functional properties of defatted chickpea flour as a function of NaCl concentration (M) was investigated. The protein solubility of both treated and untreated flour showed minimum solubility at 0.2 M and maximum solubility at 0.4 M. Higher emulsion capacity was observed at 0.6 M and then decreased. Maximum foaming...

The effect of autoclaving on the functional properties of defatted chickpea flour as a function of NaCl concentration (M) was investigated. The protein solubility of both treated and untreated flour showed minimum solubility at 0.2 M and maximum solubility at 0.4 M. Higher emulsion capacity was observed at 0.6 M and then decreased. Maximum foaming...