Ammar Kamel

• Professor
• Professor (Full) at University of Anbar

The ability to accurately predict suspended sediment load (SSL) in a river is vital for various stakeholders. Predicting SSL can help inform efforts to reduce the negative impacts of floods and droughts and help inform mitigation efforts for extreme environmental events that have a significant impact on the availability of clean water. In this rega...

Climate change is one of the trending terms in the world nowadays due to its profound impact on human health and activity. Extreme drought events and desertification are some of the results of climate change. This study utilized the power of AI tools by using the long short-term memory (LSTM) model to predict the drought index for Anbar Province, I...

إن أحد اهداف التنمية المستدامة الرئيسة هو القضاء على الجوع وتحقيق األمن الغذائي وتحسين التغذية وتعزيز الزراعة المستدامة. لقد ادت عقود من تدخل الدولة في االقتصاد الى تهميش المبادرات الخاصة القائمة على معطيات السوق في القطاع الز ارعي، وظل هذا القطاع يعاني من ضعف مساهمة النشاط الخاص وافتقر الى المنتجين الكبار والشركات المتخصصة. وقد ظلت الزراعة العر...

This paper presents a comprehensive method to estimate the feasibility of constructing small hydropower dams by incorporating an analysis of the physical characteristics of the study area using the Geographical Information System (GIS) and a frequency analysis based on a large amount of reliable rainfall data for an arid area, specifically in the W...

A spillway dam, constructed concurrently with concrete or masonry, is a vital infrastructure designed to provide the controlled release of surplus water that surpasses the dam's storage capacity. Since the Ogee spillway is among the best and most well-known worldwide, it deserves study. Weir flow, inertia, and gravity are crucial in many open-chann...

لعل من أهم أهداف مركز تنمية حوض أعالي الفرات هو إعداد قواعد بيانات المنطقة الواقعة ضمن هذا الحوض، وتحديث تلك البيانات بشكل دوري من أجل تأمين متطلبات التخطيط السليم والتنمية المستدامة وفق المعايير الدولية للتنمية المستدامة، والتي أوصى بها مؤتمر قمة األمم المتحدة للتنمية، الذي عقد سنة 2015 حيث أوصى هذا المؤتمر الدولي باعتماد خطة متكاملة للتنمية ا...

In present paper, attempts were made to develop a system of weirs along Euphrates River in Iraq to solve the problem of the deficit in power and water resources. Geometric numerical models were created with geographic information system (GIS) with digital elevation model (DEM). The model includes visual basic programming to evaluate the power poten...

The construction of river training structures has a local influence on hydraulic and sediment regimes. River training is simply to modify the dimensions and patterns of channels, bars, and pools. Many scientists have applied and developed methods to identify suitable techniques for river training. In this paper 60 scientific papers were reviewed, a...

Local climate change and water shortage led it essential to assess the amounts and locations of groundwater recharge. To keep the Iraqi Western Desert's groundwater system sustainable. A model was developed to estimate soil moisture using artificial neural networks (ANN), geographic information systems (GIS), and remote sensing (RS). The soil neede...

Hydrological soil group is essential to soil information for several fields of modeling and applications. This information can affect suitable environmental, agricultural, and hydrological development. Laboratory analysis for soil sampling cannot efficiently provide the needed information because these analyses are commonly costly, time-consuming,...

Hydrological soil group is essential to soil information for several fields of modeling and applications. This information can affect suitable environmental, agricultural, and hydrological development. Laboratory analysis for soil sampling cannot efficiently provide the needed information because these analyses are commonly costly, timeconsuming, a...

One of the most important challenges in the field of engineering hydrology and water resources management, especially in arid regions such as the Iraqi Western Desert, is the process of predicting and quantifying the surface runoff. The limited available data about rainfall, runoff, soil properties, evaporation, and the lack of metrological station...

The current study attempted to reduce sediment movement in the Euphrates River in front of the Fallujah Dam by implementing three engineering solutions, including lining the riverbank and using groins and weirs. for the study area, the length of the reach river is (1.7Km). The model of one-dimensional HEC-RAS version 5.0.7 was used to distribute 15...

Hydrologists, water managers, and policymakers are all concerned about the potential implications of climate change on water supplies. This paper describes development of water resources management in northern Iraq. The study looks at three hydrological variables that represent various stages of the hydrological cycle. The hydrological variables ar...

Water resources are of great importance in the world's agriculture, especially regarding the scarcity of these resources. That calls for attention appropriate for analysis, study, and research in all issues and aspects that would contribute to the development and maintenance of those resources and achieve the maximum possible levels of quality and...

The traditional Soil Conservation Service )SCS( process for calculating the runoff depth tends to be a very tedious and time time-consuming hydrological modeling process. Therefore, a geographic information system (GIS) is now being utilized as a tool alongside the common SCS-CN method for runoff calculations. This research aims to estimate the spa...

Water resources are of great importance in the world's agriculture, especially regarding the scarcity of these resources. That calls for attention appropriate for analysis, study, and research in all issues and aspects that would contribute to the development and maintenance of those resources and achieve the maximum possible levels of quality and...

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) provides a numerical approximation to solve the governing equation of fluid movement. Four stages are required to analyse fluid problems through CFD techniques. The first one is to write the mathematical equation that should describe the fluid flow, which is set as a partial differential equation. The second stage...

Evaporation is influenced by several meteorological parameters, evaporation data are usually difficult to obtain compared to rainfall data, especially in arid regions. Developing a monthly evaporation prediction model in arid regions in terms of available meteorological data is a significant step. The data used in this study for modeling are monthl...

The strain on any structure is a critical issue worldwide, resulting from loads on the structure. An exact prediction at all the expected strains ranges on the dam will pave the way for better dam management under different discharges. The main aims of the present paper are to study the behaviour of strains on the dam and create a model based on AN...

In the present research, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used for the prediction of surface runoff amounts of the catchment of Al-Masad, in the Western Desert of Iraq. The prediction period was from September 2020 to January 2030. The calibration and verification of this model were performed according to the daily surface runoff...

This study is used the water quality index (WQI), which is generated by combining several water quality parameters. This index gives a helpful representation of overall water quality for the public and all intended applications, and it demonstrates that pollution is beneficial in water quality management and decision-making. The Euphrates River was...

Spillways are designing to release surplus water over a volume of storage. The excess water flows from the top of the reservoir and is carried back to the river by a spillway. Many radial gates were destroyed under hydrodynamic load. Radial gate connectors are susceptible to fatigue failure due to excessive vibration; therefore, gate vibration duri...

Water is an essential source of sustaining life and used in generating electricity, agriculture, industry, and the daily domestic uses. This study was prepared to determine the water consumption of Anbar Province in the west of Iraq according to agricultural, industrial, and domestic demand. In addition, the study is evaluating the expected future...

Currently, desertification is a major problem in the western desert of Iraq. The harsh nature, remoteness, and size of the desert make it difficult and expensive to monitor and mitigate desertification. Therefore, this study proposed a comprehensive and cost-effective method, via the integration of geographic information systems (GISs) and remote s...

The main objective of the study is to know the extent of the effect of the flow rate on the water quality, especially about the salinity concentrations in the Euphrates River basin and the relationship between them during the period (1986-2005). In this study, the observed data for the flow rate is a correlation with the measured total dissolved so...

Infiltration process tends to be one of the most essential elements of the hydrological cycle. Comprehensive and thorough information on soil infiltration in both temporal and spatial territories can support maintaining environmental and hydrological development. Traditional methods to measure soil infiltration are costly, time-consuming, and their...

Recently, Archimedes screw turbines have been developed to operate as small hydropower stations, because of its reliability to operate with the low head( less than 5 m) and its low cost of design and operation. In the present study, the influence of the flow rate, shaft inclination angle, and the number of blades is studied using physical model and...

Evaporation from sub-surface reservoirs is a phenomenon that has drawn a considerable amount of attention, over recent years. An accurate prediction of the sub-surface evaporation rate is a vital step towards drawing better managing of the reservoir’ water system. In fact, the evaporation rate and more specifically from sub-surface is considered as...

Recently, Archimedes screw turbines have been developed to operate as small hydropower stations, because of its reliability to operate with the low head(less than 5m) and its low cost of design and operation. In the present study, the influence of the flow rate, shaft inclination angle, and the number of blades is studied using physical model and n...

The process of estimating the runoff is important step in a hydrological studies especially in arid and semi-arid areas. The aim of this study was to estimate water excess and the volume of surface runoff that resulted from rainfall on the basins of the semi-arid area located in Haditha dam west of the Euphrates River in Iraq which has an area of 9...

Recently, the investigations studies of simulating flow over spillways have increased using numerical models. Due to its important structure in the dams to pass flood wave to the downstream safely. Researches finding have shown that CFD (Computational fluid dynamics) models as the numerical method are a perfect alternative for laboratory tests. Per...

Archimedes screw turbines have been developed as they work with a low head with high efficiency, where flow energy can be exploited in small rivers, streams, regulators and others. The power can be produced using Archimedes turbines and depends on some parameters including the number of blades, flow, and angle of the shaft inclination and the lengt...

Surface infiltration plays an important role in watershed management and flood forecasting; Furthermore increase the efficiency of irrigation system and reduce water losses during the irrigation process. Experiments carried out on the Wadi AL-Ratga of the western desert, Iraq during 2019; which had been selected as a study area. The infiltration ra...

Wadi Houran is one of the largest valleys in Iraq. Although it is discharging billions of rainfall water over/during many years to Euphrates river, it's almost devoid of agricultural investment. The current study aims to focus on this important valley water resource and study the possibility of constructing a series of small dams to store rainfall...

In this research, a comprehensive survey of water resources management and sustainability was conducted over the Western desert of Iraq. A modeling was performed using both remote sensing and numerical analytical tools. Field measurements of hydrological and hydrogeological variables were used to assess surface and groundwater resources. The waters...

Management of water resources become one of the most important subjects in the human's life. The water sustains life on earth, therefore; more care for water management is necessary. In the last years, studies show water use will be more in the world as result of rapid increase in population, industrializa-tion, and urbanization etc. The evaporatio...

Management of water resources become one of the most important subjects in the human's life. The water sustains life on earth, therefore; more care for water management is necessary. In the last years, studies show water use will be more in the world as result of rapid increase in population, industrialization, and urbanization etc. The evaporation...

Water resource availability in arid regions depends on the characteristics of shortage and periodicity of rainfall which determine run-off during only short periods of the year. Water use is limited by lack of financial resources, suitable technology, and physical conditions. The challenge comes from the limited precipitation and spatially distribu...

A study was completed to compare flow parameters over a standard ogee-crested spillway with changeable locations (within dam alignment, upstream dam alignment, and downstream dam alignment) using a physical model with scale (1:50) to determine the best one. Flow patterns include heads over spillway, pressures as well as water surface profiles and e...

A study was completed to compare flow parameters over a standard ogee-crested spillway with changeable locations (within dam alignment, upstream dam alignment, and downstream dam alignment) using a physical model with scale (1:50) to determine the best one. Flow patterns include heads over spillway, pressures as well as water surface profiles and e...

Evaluation, planning, and management of water resources are raised to be one of important subjects in the human's life, particularly in arid and semiarid region, since precipitation is extremely limited spatially distributed and high evaporation losses with poorly available ground water supply. In present study, the sand storage dam technique (sub...

In this study, two water balance methods have been adopted to estimate the water excess for the Haqlan basin in the western territory of Iraq. The first method made use of the rainfall and actual evapotranspirationdata based on the monthly average within the period (1980-2010) and the second method estimated the parameters in each year in separatio...

The process of estimating the runoff is important step in a hydrological studies especially in arid and semi-arid areas. The aim of this study was to estimate water excess and the volume of surface runoff that resulted from rainfall on the basins of the semi-arid area located in Haditha dam west of the Euphrates River in Iraq which has an area of 9...

Small dams represent an adequate tool to manage fresh water storage and its timely distribution and use. The construction of small reservoirs in larger numbers and well spread throughout a region reaches a wide population and facilitates its water demands. This, in turn, has feedback effects on the environment that need not to be waved away. A 5800...

The present study is to examine the most appropriate method to estimate the Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) in the semi-arid areas in the westerly part of Iraq. Thornthwaite, Blaney-criddle, Kharufa and Ivanov methods have been employed in this study to estimate and identify the temporal and spatial variations of the Potential Evapotranspiration...

The present study is to examine the most appropriate method to estimate the Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) in the semi-arid areas in the westerly part of Iraq. Thornthwaite, Blaney-criddle, Kharufa and Ivanov methods have been employed in this study to estimate and identify the temporal and spatial variations of the Potential Evapotranspiration...

Evaporation losses are the major problem effects on small dam's reservoirs in water harvesting systems. In this paper, evaporation modeling for sub-surface reservoirs was developed. The physical model contains four squares cross section tanks of (91.4) cm length and (46.2) cm depth (Colorado Sunken Pan). Three tanks were filled with different types...

Evaporation losses were the major problem affects small dams reservoirs in water harvesting systems. Modeling of earth-fills small dams reservoir was developed in this paper. The physical model contains four squares cross section tanks of (91.4) cm length and (46.2) cm depth (Colorado Sunken Pan). Three tanks were filled with different types of ea...

Increase in demand of electrical power for different purposes in Iraq leads increase towards to power plant system such as thermal power plant. Any thermal power plant requires water for processing, cooling, oilfields, boiler feed and other miscellaneous uses including domestic requirements. The main parameter to measure the efficiency of thermal p...

Water Demand for industrial purposes in Iraq is generally small when compared to the agriculture requirement. Industries require water for processing, cooling, oilfields, boiler feed and other miscellaneous uses including domestic requirements. The amount of water consumed for any product, therefore, varies widely depending upon the process used, p...

Physical model with distorted small scale (1:865 for horizontal and 1:80 for vertical scale) were used to study the effects of scales on the flow pattern over crest of a standard ogee spillway of small dams. Discharge and head over the crest of spillway data were recorded for 10 different flow conditions. The model was tested with different height...

The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers are the main sources of water in Iraq. Iraq used to receive 33 × 109 m 3 of river water per year at Hit, 200 km downstream from the Syrian border before the 1970s. In 1980s, the discharge decreased to as little as 8 × 10 9 m 3 per year at Hit. The decreasing of discharge and water level in the Euphrates River causes...

In present study, the remote sensing (RS) techniques and geographic information system (GIS) were used to develop the topographic map for calculation the volumes of earth work depending on Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) which data cover about 80% of the earth. The above data was used to develop the topographic data for Al-Gaara dam in the...

Water resources is on of the most important criteria for societies building and their development, because the ancient civilizations were grown at rivers basins in Iraq, Egypt and China. Evaluation, planning, and management of water resources are raised to be one of important subjects in the human's life, particularly in arid and semiarid regions l...

Soil spectral reflectance was studied for eight locations selected to south of Falluja city. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of soil physical and chemical properties (EC ,PH ,porosity ,density, sieve analysis test, organic, gypsum, and Calcite) on soil spectral reflectance and produce digital maps by employing the capabilities o...

بسبب التغيرات المناخية الكبيرة التي يشهدها كوكب الأرض وموجة الجفاف الكبيرة التي تعاني منها المنطقة علاوة على قلة الواردات المائية لنهري دجلة والفرات في السنوات الأخيرة سواء بسبب الجفاف أو السدود التي أقامتها تركيا وسوريا على مجاري هذه الأنهار أصبح موضوع إيجاد مصادر للمياه مع استغلال المتوفر بالطريقة المثلى يعد من الأهمية بمكان. تم اختيار أربعة جاب...

The research presents a straightforward approach for processing output of the MIKE11 GIS hydraulic model, to enable two-and three-dimensional floodplain mapping and analysis in the ArcView geographic information system. The methodology is applied for the Latorica River, located in eastern Slovakia. A planimetric floodplain view is developed using d...

The paper was focused on 1) the development of an accurate and workable digital terrain model of the study area (The study area applied to the model is the Latorica River located in the Eastern part of Slovakia.); 2) the development of a MIKE 11 model based on surveyed, stream cross-section data; 3) draw maps of the resulting floodplain in ArcView...

Water resources is one of the most important criteria for societies building and their development. Evaluation, planning, and management of water resources are rasid to be one of important subjects in the humans life, particularly in arid and semiarid region like Iraqi western desert, since precipitation is extremely limited and spatially distribut...

At first, tries were made to develop the unsteady flow model and integrate it in geographic information system (GIS) environment to draw the flood map for Euphrates River in Iraq. Because of the available data especially spatial data were so limited; the Latorica River in the East of Slovakia was chosen to study the unsteady model for flood waves i...

This paper presents a 1-dimensional unsteady flow hydraulic model used for the simulation of flow in rivers: the MIKE 11 model from the Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI). In this study, the hydraulic model use flow and stage hydrographs in a time series format from field measurements. The approach for this model leads to unsteady flow simulations al...

Present study used the unsteady hydrodynamic model for flood routing and visualization: the MIKE 11 model from the Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI). Hydraulic model uses rainfall-runoff data in time series format from an existing data. The approach for this model leads to the spatial integration of unsteady flow simulations into GIS for flood visua...