Amiya Kumar Ray

• Bachelor of Philosophy
• Professor Emeritus at Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee

In a paper industry, especially in thick stock wet end process, the two most important variables are retention in forming section of a paper machine and basis weight of the thick stock.Present paper attempts to understand the governing mass balance equations which may be required to deduce an appropriate process model.

The paper machine consists of several important sub processes and the coordination between them must be controlled carefully and for proper control, an appropriate model is required. Present paper attempts to perform modeling for headbox and its associated wet end systems with the help of fiber balance, ash balance, fines balance, filler balance an...

The advancement in plastic and plastic based products in last two decades has imposed a serious threat to the environment. This has led to an increase in the demand for sustainable and biobased products. Paper and paper products are good alternatives to their plastic counterparts. A key element of paper industry is the raw material (wood, bamboo an...

Tissue papers are distinguished and graded specifically based on several properties, but softness is the most desirable one for the customer. Several efforts are still being made for the accurate prediction of softness, but till date its evaluation is difficult. Hence, the development of a standard assessment procedure for the softness evaluation o...

This chapter focuses on various sustainable ways of utilizing natural resources, which may be either exhaustible or renewable. The former includes minerals, coals, petroleum, nuclear, and natural gas, whereas the latter includes a variety of sources grown in or obtained from land, ocean, and air. Some examples of such renewable resources are biomas...

To obtain a higher furfural yield from Pisum sativum (pea pod) waste, the effects of the process variables phosphoric acid concentration (wt.%), reaction temperature, and liquid solid ratio (LSR) were investigated. A new reaction scheme was proposed consisting of series and parallel reactions for the formation of furfural. Kinetic models were devel...

It is well known lhat paper industry is highly energy intensive industry. Presently, Indian paper industry is trying hard to reduce this input in every possible way for mere survival and sustainability of paper production to meet the demand. The electron irradiation as a pre treatment of fiber is a potential mean for reducing the specific energy co...

In the recent years, ink removal from the recovered paper has gain several importance mainly due to environmental and economic reasons. Deinking industry has made several contributions to improve the existing technologies viz. flotation and washing deinking to remove ink particles from the recovered paper. There is no any further scope of improveme...

The objective of this research is to identify and evaluate the factors influencing polymeric granuleassisted dispersion of ultraviolet (UV) ink particles. First time, granule-assisted alternative dispersion was observed during adsorption deinking. By optimizing and combining this alternative dispersion process with pulping, we aim to minimize the e...

Finding the best set of PID parameters has become the center of attraction for several researchers and the hunt is still on to find the next key methodology for PID tuning. PID controllers provide a common and competent solution to real world control problems. Its three-term functionality offers the analysis of both transient and steady-state respo...

Color images are not ready to provide a desired value of information because of illumination or some other conditions like settings of the captured instrument. So for improving the quality of color images and making them a good source of information an improvement of quality is desired sometimes. To improve the quality of an existing image or extra...

Refining plays an important role in the treatment of pulps for paper production: it ensures the processability of fibres and helps to develop the desired strength, surface and optical properties in the final paper product. At the same time, refining is a process step that requires very high amounts of energy. In recycled fibre pulps for packaging p...

The pulp suspension is treated with high power ultrasound in order to evaluate the influence of ultrasound to fiber morphology and compared with conventional refining process, Jokro mill refining. Trie changes in fiber morphology are evaluated using a correlation analysis between the results obtained from automatic optical fiber analyses and select...

Condition monitoring of the plants and machines in process industry like paper has acquired a considerable importance as a useful tool for predictive or condition based maintenance. It is the scientific approach that can be employed to detect potential failures that are not evident through any preventive maintenance program. The increasing competit...

Lubricants are chemical substances, derived oils obtained from natural resources or synthetic materials which are used to carry the task of lubrication in an engine or machine for any industry. It is used so as to reduce the risk of severity between two sliding or rolling surfaces by developing the smoothening film between them. The basic reason fo...

The limekiln process is inherently difficult to function efficiently because of complex dynamics and multi-variable process with long time delays, which makes it an ideal subject for the application of Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy. Robustness analysis is performed to test controller sensitivity to model errors. The model is perturbed by...

RESEARCH ARTICLE 58  Abstract— Model predictive control (MPC) strategy is an indispensable tool for designing controllers for a multivariable complex, delayed and constrained industrial process. Control system analysis for control of front end temperature and back end temperature in limekiln process has been attempted in the present work using thi...

Lime kiln process deals with multi-variables that require constraints to be met to assure secure operation of the kiln. The dynamics and imposed constraints make the lime kiln process, an ideal subject for the application of model predictive control strategy as it uses a process model to determine the best changes in the manipulated variables that...

Sugar Cane refinery -production of sugarcane wax from sulphitation press mud A.K.Ray , R.B.Nigam* S.K.Sharma*and P.Sanyal Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur , India *Former Director, National Sugar Institute, Kanpur, Govt. of India ** Former Advisor (By-products),National federation of Cooperation Sugar Fac...

Drinking water is slowly becoming a very precious commodity with rapid urbanization of world. Uncontrolled pollution in every aspect of mother earth (water, soil, environment and air) is posing challenge to flora and fauna. Days are not very far when we will have no ground water available for drinking purposes. Therefore, means to recycle used wate...

All over the world a large number of people suffer from tooth diseases like dental caries, tooth abscess, and plaques. Tooth loss or damage, which occurs frequently in our society are generally repaired by applying several conventional methods, such as root-canal treatment, direct pulp capping and dental implants. These methods are quite painful, c...

Extraction of betulinic acid from leaves of Vitex Negundo Linn was carried out in a series of solvents (methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and water). Methanol was found to be the best solvent. Maximum recoverable amount of betulinic acid was determined by Soxhlet extraction using methanol as solvent. Batch extraction of betulinic acid was carri...

India is the largest cane sugar producing country in the World. Apart from sugar it discharges a large number of byproducts such as bagasse, molasses, press mud, cane tops, leaves and straw. Economy of Indian sugar industry is not as expected due to variety of reasons. Therefore, there are all round attempts all over the cane sugar producing countr...

Image segmentation played a vital role in medical imaging system. With the help of image segmentation pulmonary parenchyma can be detected from multisliced CT images. Pulmonary diseases such as lung cancer, tumor, and mass cells can be detected with 2D Otsu algorithm. 2D Otsu algorithm is a well-known image segmentation method. In CT images segment...

Image segmentation is a challenging task in digital image processing. Thresholding, an important technique for image segmentation, has gained considerable attention from the researchers for selecting reasonable thresholds. Since gray levels characterize the objects in a gray image, many thresholding methods extract objects from their background bas...

REMOVAL AND RECOVERY OF DYE FROM PAPER MACHINE EFFFLUENTS T. UTGATA*, P. K. MOHANTY** AND A.K.RAY IITRoorkee, Saharanpur Campus Department of Paper Technology Saharanpur, india *Century pulp & Paper, Lalkua,, Uttar Pradesh ** Ballarpur industries ltd., orissa ABSTRACT For production of various kinds of coloured paper , dyes are employ...

UTILIZATION OF SUGAR INDUSTRY BY-PRODUCTS , THE BAGASSE PITH FOR MANUFACTURE OF FURFURAL A.K. RAY ,K.M. SRINIVAS, M. KUMAR DEPARTMENT OF OF PAPER TECHNOLOGY INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE SAHARANPUR CAMPUS, SAHARANPUR-247001 ABSTRACT Most of Indian chemical industries have concentrated so far on their production of chemicals mai...

EVALUATION OF DRY STRENGTH ADDITIVES FROM NATURAL RESOURCES OF INDIAN ORIGIN A.K. Ray ,and Ghosh U K Department of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur ABSTRACT There are many additives used during paper making, such as, in the beating or refining process and as strength additives. It is well...

Pigments used for paper coating for the manufacturing of quality paper forms one of the most important constituents of coating color. There are various pigments used in Indian paper industry such as ground CaCO3, precipitated CaCO3, china clay and talc to improve the optical, surface and printing properties of coated paper so that it can be globall...

The modern headbox has many attributes that are highly significant for all paper-makers. Uniformity of flow, absence of streaks and large eddies, headbox stability and ease of operation are required features for all paper grades. Consistency in a headbox is a very important parameter in paper mills in their various stages of operations. Without the...

This paper arises from an investigation into the use of an artificial neural networkfor modeling and control of the retention process in the wet end of paper machine. The neural network model is used for those parts of the system where no physical model is readily available due to complexity of the process. For the purpose of neural control structu...

Head box is the part of the paper machine whose primary function is to deliver a uniform dispersion of fibers in water at the proper speed through the slice opening to the paper machine wire. The modern headbox has many attributes which are highly significant for all papermakers. Uniformity of flow, absence of streaks and large eddies, head box sta...

This work studied the influence of refining on various pulp properties such as freeness, specific surface area, specific volume, water retention value, surface charge, total charge and tensile index of five different pulps. At a freeness level the wheat straw pulp exhibited higher surface charge and total charge compared to other pulps. The specifi...

Quality of paper is improved on pigment coating in terms of surface, optical properties and printability characteristics. One of the major parameter for aqueous pigment coating is the type of pigment used and also its particle size and distribution. Zinc oxide is one of the pigment s employed for special coating application. It is offlet nano size...

There is an increasing trend in Indian paper based biorefinery industries for efficient utilization of its abundantly available nonwood and especially annual renewable resources, mainly for two purposes, for developing a balanced ecosystem and at the same time to meet its paper and paper products using eco-friendly technology. Interests is also bei...

Sugarcane molasses and jaggery provide a unique source for large number of downstream products which include livestock and human food sources, potable alcohol and absolute alcohol, alcohol based chemicals like oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acids, acetic acid, diethyl oxalate, ethyl acetate, acetic anhydride etc., which are raw mat...

The quality of coated paper is dependent on coating color composition, consisting of binders and pigments, coating process followed by quality of base paper and its source and other external process and design conditions such as type of coating equipments etc. One of the most important parameter next to coating color composition is coating process...

Distillery in India principally produces industrial alcohol/ rectified spirit. Alcohol is used not only portable purposes, but also is a renewable source of energy required primarily in IC engines, a supplier of energy through efficient fuel cell construction and power alcohol for substitute of gasoline. This can also be employed for production of...

Traditional control methods have poor performances when applied to industrial processes whose models are strongly non-linear and multivariable-based. Better results can be obtained by applying modern control techniques. In the present paper, emerging techniques like fuzzy logic control and the neural network approach to the control of an industrial...

The effects of coating color raw material variables were tested on absorbing and non-absorbing base materials. The particle size of the coating pigments was the main variable affecting the gloss of the non-absorbing base materials. Adding binders and increasing the drying temperature has a negative effect on the gloss development of both calendered...

Paper is pigment-coated to produce a more uniform and more receptive surface for printing ink, thus assuring better graphic reproduction. A large number of variables, involved in coating processes, interact with each other. To perform coating experiments on indigenous base papers in a most systematic way, with many variables, statistically designed...

A dynamic model for pressurized head box of high speed paper machine is considered. Analysis procedures enable to anticipate the automation in the head box. An optimum, minimum control effort strategy is proposed. Simulated open and closed loop response records are computed. The simulated data has been used for training the neural network. Artifici...

Brown Stock Washing (BSW) is a complex multi-variable continuous process where there is a need to control variables that are not directly or instantaneously controllable. Most of the conventional control systems for BSW process utilize individual PID loops to control several process variables. The set points for each loop are determined by process...

The rotary lime re-burning kiln has been the primary method of lime re-burning in the pulp and paper industry for many years. Its popularity has continued unimpaired not only because of the monetary savings that it promotes, but also because of its simplicity of operation, low maintenance costs and reliability. Lime kiln is used in various process...

The aim of this work was to study the influence of refining on various properties of bleached bagasse pulp such as freeness, specific surface area, spccific volume, surface charge, total charge and paper properties. These parameters are quantitatively determined for pulp freeness levels between 225-430 ml CSF, which are important for approach flow,...

Mathematical models for the different zones of a rotary vacuum washer are presented in terms of their fundamental parameters. Filter performance is expressed in terms of washing liquor usage, solute removal and efficiency parameters. Laboratory experiments are performed on a combination of Indian hardwood (eucalyptus, bamboo and pine) pulp collecte...

In the present investigation, a non-linear mathematical model is developed for the analysis of Septuple effect flat falling film evaporator (SEFFFE) system used for concentrating black liquor in a nearby paper mill. This model is capable of simulating process of evaporation considering variations in boiling point rise (τ), overall heat transfer coe...

A nonlinear model is developed for a SEFFFE system employed for concentrating weak black liquor in an Indian Kraft Paper Mill. The system incorporates different operating strategies such as condensate-, feed- and product-flashing, and steam- and feed-splitting. This model is capable of simulating a MEE system by accounting variations in τ, U, Qloss...

In the present investigation a non-linear mathematical model is developed for the analysis of multiple effect evaporators (MEE) system. This model is capable of simulating process of evaporation and takes into account variations in -boiling point rise (BPR) due to variation in concentration and temperature of liquor, -overall heat transfer coeffici...

An attempt has been made in this present investigation to design a sextuple effect black liquor evaporator system for paper industry. This required to develop a system of 12 nonlinear simultaneous equations based on steady state mass and energy balances, heat transfer rate, equilibrium relationships and same physico-chemical/physico-thermal propert...

Brown stock washing is an important stage in pulp and paper industry and infact plays a key role for reducing environmental problems at one hand and helps to get more concentrated black liquor on the other. Usually, it is carried out by using multiple rotary vacuum washers. For better control of the process a mathematical model pertinent to brown s...

Preimpregnated bamboo chips, sugarcane bagasse and rice straw of Indian origin were cooked at 463 K (1.26 MPa saturated steam pressure) in the Stake Technology batch reactor with different chemical charges and different type of chemicals. For comparison purpose, all three species were pulped under the same conditions; a 40% Na2SO3 impregnation char...

In this article the nonlinear, nonhomogeneous, first-order, second-degree, parabolic, partial differential equation governing the flow through the porous media is solved. Data from a laboratory brown stock washer is collected. This data is used to simulate the present model and to find out the accuracy of the model.