
Amit Kumar SinhaUniversity of Arkansas at Pine Bluff | UAPB
Amit Kumar Sinha
PhD
About
103
Publications
59,070
Reads
How we measure 'reads'
A 'read' is counted each time someone views a publication summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the full-text. Learn more
5,231
Citations
Introduction
Skills and Expertise
Publications
Publications (103)
Flavobacterium covae (columnaris) is the most detrimental bacterial disease affecting the largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides Lacépède) aquaculture industry. In the current study, fish received an intraperitoneal injection of either 1× PBS (100 μL), LPS in PBS (100 μL, 10 μg/mL), or F. covae (100 μL, 2.85 × 10 ¹¹ CFU/mL) to simulate immunologic...
A major by-product of black solider fly larvae (BSFL) farming is the leftover mineral-rich ‘frass’, which shows promise as a soil amendment. The composition of BSFL frass, and potentially their efficacy, is influenced by the initial substrate. In this study, expired fish diets (EFD) or fruits/vegetables (FV) were used to produce BSFL frass, which w...
Nutrient supplementations are often added to aquaponic systems to optimize plant production , and black soldier fly larvae frass is a promising organic fertilizer. However, the mineral composition of the frass is substantially influenced by the initial substrate. In an 8-week study, sweet-potato slips were cultured at commercial stocking densities...
In aquaponic systems, adding supplemental nutrients to enhance plant production is common. Frass, which is the manure of insects, can be used to enhance fish and plant production, but no study has yet examined the potential to enhance both using a dietary approach in an aquaponic system. In this 8-week study, channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) j...
The growth and well-being of carnivorous fish, such as largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, can be compromised by excessive dietary starch but this may depend on starch type and degree of gelatinization. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, largemouth bass were fed diets containing 20% raw corn starch (RCS), raw sweetpotato flour (RSP), pregelatinized co...
Farming black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) leads to two products; BSFL as high quality protein/lipid and leftover ‘frass’ as an organic fertiliser. Little information exists on the influence of different substrates on the mineral composition of these products. In this study, orange or banana peels, fruit and in their combination we...
The aim of this study was to assess whether rearing fish at increased water hardness could assist channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) juveniles to efficiently cope with later (sub)lethal ammonia exposure or salinity stress. Fish were subjected to 100, 494 (10% of 96 h-LC50) or 1250 mg/L (25% of 96 h-LC50) CaCO3 water hardness levels for two month...
Toxicity imposed by organophosphate pesticides to the freshwater cultivable fish species mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) was assessed under laboratory conditions. Healthy juveniles were exposed to chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, and their equitoxic mixture in geometric series. Median lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos were found to be 0.906 (0.689–1.179),...
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) production is increasing, which will leaves substantial amounts of leftover excrement, called ‘frass’ that may be a beneficial organic fertilizer. In this study, sweetpotato (SP) (Ipomoea batatas) cuttings (‘slips’), were grown with BSFL frass as a one-time top dressing at either 333.7g/m2 or 667....
In this 10-week study, sweet banana chili plants (Capsicum annuum) and sweetpotato (Ipomea batatas) slips were cultured with or without media and with or without black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) frass tea supplementations in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Each treatment was triplicated with 30 channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) juv...
High dietary levels of fat and starch can lower the growth and cause extensive liver inflammation that is linked to mortalities in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. However, bile acids (BA) may mitigate these adverse effects. In a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial feeding trial, M. salmoides juveniles were fed different combinations of dietary high (HF) an...
This study investigated the possibility to improve the use of plant based feed in common carp (Cyprinus carpio), via feeding plant based diet from the early life stage. Fry, obtained from larvae produced by common carp broodstock fed with either of two diets viz. fish based diet (F diet) or plant based diet (P diet), were stocked into six earthen p...
Increasing pesticide application is a serious threat to human health and biodiversity. In nature, pesticides prevail in mixtures; therefore the joint effects of pesticides should be taken into consideration due to their priority in toxicity research when aiming at realistic evaluations. In this study, individual and mixture toxicity of the commonly...
Toxicity imposed by organophosphate pesticides to the freshwater cultivable fish species mrigal ( Cirrhinus mrigala ) was assessed under laboratory conditions. Healthy juveniles were exposed to chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, and their equitoxic mixture in geometric series. Median lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos were found to be 0.906 (0.689–1.179)...
Toxicity imposed by organophosphate pesticides to the freshwater cultivable fish species mrigal ( Cirrhinus mrigala ) was assessed under laboratory conditions. Healthy juveniles were exposed to chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos, and their equitoxic mixture in geometric series. Median lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos were found to be 0.906 (0.689–1.179)...
An 8-week feeding trial was performed to compare the supplementation of full-fat black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, larvae (BSFL) versus pre-pupae (BSFP) in the diets of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, juveniles. Both BSFL and BSFP were produced in the laboratory from the same batch and ingredients although BSFP tended to have higher ami...
Water hardness above the optimal level can incite toxic effects in fish, which are often species specific. Hence, we aimed at obtaining insights on the potential effects of elevated water hardness as well as coping strategies in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). First, a toxicity assay was performed where the 96 h-LC50 was calculated as 4939 m...
In this 8-week feeding trial, the effects of nucleotide (N) supplementation (at 0.05%) were compared in diets with conventional soybean meal (CSBM or CSBM + N) versus bioprocessed SBM (BSBM or BSMB + N) on largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, juveniles. A total of five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated, with the control diet be...
Although not regularly mentioned as an issue in most aquaculture operations, iron may be a serious issue in hatcheries that depend on well water
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) is a sustainable protein and lipid source in the diets of terrestrial and aquatic animals. This is due to their ability to thrive on various waste products, but the food type greatly influences their productivity and nutritional value. In this study, BSFL (initial mean weight = 0.11 g) were fed sw...
Nutritionally unbalanced organic waste can be converted into potential resources for animal and plant farming by culturing black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) and prepupae (BSFP). BSFL and BSFP are rich sources of protein and lipids, while the leftover excrement called “frass” can be used as an organic fertilizer. Using readily avai...
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) is rapidly becoming a new sustainable ingredient. Currently, there is no information on purging BSFL and consequently their nutritional profile. In the first part of this study, the BSFL urea/ammonia content along with proximate, fatty acid and amino acid were examined when food was withdrawn at 0...
Aquaponics is the integration of farming fish with plants where the excreted nutrients from fish are taken up by plants. Thus, aquaponics may enhance aquaculture sustainability and productivity. In this study, largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides juveniles were cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) or aquaponic system for two months...
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is an important aquaculture species. However, their production and health is sometimes threatened by pesticides. In common carp, extensive studies have been done for exposures of single pesticides, but effects of mixtures such as those of the commonly used chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos, are still unknown for this species...
Golden mahseer (Tor putitora) is an economically important but endangered fish species in many countries. Increasing pesticide application can possess a threat to this species but their sensitivity to pesticides, typically chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos, is unknown. We determined 96 h-LC50 of chlorpyrifos and dichlorvos to be 0.753 mg/L and 12.964 mg/...
Iron overload is a significant water quality issue in many parts of the world. Therefore, we evaluated the potential toxic effects of waterborne elevated iron on largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), a highly valued sport and aquaculture fish species. First, a 96 h-LC 50 toxicity assay was performed to understand the tolerance limit of this spec...
Seafood products are widely accepted for their high nutritional properties. However, their safety should be comprehensively monitored, because chemical contaminants/xenobiotics may accumulate in seafood at levels that can pose a potential human health hazard. Indeed, seafood is one of the most vulnerable and perishable products, so its quality asse...
Iron overload in water is a problem in many areas of the world, which could exert toxic effects on fish. To achieve maximum growth and overall fitness, iron induced toxicity must be alleviated. Therefore, this research was undertaken to investigate the potential mitigation of iron toxicity by dietary vitamin C supplementation in channel catfish (Ic...
Goldfish (Carassius auratus) juveniles were exposed to virgin polyvinyl chloride microplastics (PVC-MPs) in triplicate at 0, 0.1 or 0.5 mg/L for four days. Afterwards, the histopathology of the gills, liver and intestines were examined, along with various antioxidant enzymes and indicators of oxidative damage (malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen per...
Aquaculture is increasingly being intensified, and the resulting higher stocking densities and feed inputs in closed systems can consequently lead to water quality fluctuations and/or deteriorations. Some of the most relevant water quality parameters in closed aquaculture systems include dissolved oxygen/redox potential, pH, salinity, temperature,...
Biofloc technology (BFT) can potentially enhance growth and provide supplemental nutrition to some fish species, but this has not been investigated in bluegill Lepomis macrochirus juveniles. In this study, L. macrochrius juveniles were cultured in a clear-water (CW) system versus BFT when using either corn starch (BFT-Sta) or sucrose-sugar (BFT-Sug...
Water hardness varies regionally and optimal levels for fish are often species specific. It is generally assumed that largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, require elevated water hardness, but this has not yet been investigated. In this two-part study, M. salmoides juveniles were subjected to 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/l CaCO3 (by CaCl2 additions)...
Biofloc technology (BFT) relies on adding organic carbon, often in the form of sugars or starches, to encourage heterotrophic bacteria that convert otherwise toxic ammonia/nitrite into potentially consumable biomass known as ‘bioflocs’. The subsequently higher turbidity may be inappropriate for more carnivorous fish, but research in this area is li...
Various strategies exist to control noxious cyanobacterial population, although the application of a newly developed granular compound (sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate ‘SCP’, trade name ‘PAK® 27’ algaecide) containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the active ingredient, has been recently proven effective and ecofriendly treatment. However, in aquacult...
Lake Magadi, Kenya, is one of the most extreme aquatic environments on Earth (pH~10, anoxic to hyperoxic, high temperatures). Recently, increased water demand and siltation have threatened the viable hot springs near the margins of the lake where Alcolapia grahami, the only fish surviving in the lake, live. These Lake Magadi tilapia largely depend...
Bird predation seriously undermines the productivity and profitability to aquaculture in Arkansas, and throughout the world. In this study, golden shiners were fed pellets coated in methyl anthranilate, which is often added in many grape flavored drinks. Results showed less bird predation on tanks with treated pellets over those fed untreated pelle...
In recent decades dietary phytate has received great attention as an antinutrient factor for both human and animal nutrition. To improve the bioavailability of phosphorus, minerals, and dietary components, as well as improving the nutritional value of plant‐based meals, many nutritional studies in recent years have aimed at establishing ways to rem...
Environmental monitoring and risk assessment approaches which include a more holistic view on the effects of pollutants on biota are increasingly sought by regulators and policy makers. Therefore, caged carp juveniles (Cyprinus carpio) were transplanted for 7 weeks along a known Cd and Zn pollution gradient. Metal (Cu, Cd and Zn) accumulation in gi...
Waterborne ammonia is an environmental pollutant that is toxic to all aquatic animals. However, ammonia induced
toxicity as well as compensatory mechanisms to defend against high environmental ammonia (HEA) are
not well documented at present for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), a high value fish for culture and
sport fisheries in the United...
Cyanobacterial blooms and their associated toxins are growing issues for many aquatic resources, and pose a major threat to human health and ecological welfare. To control cyanobacterial blooms and their toxins, the efficacy of a newly developed granular compound (sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate ‘SCP’, trade name ‘PAK®27’ algaecide) containing hydro...
One of the major constraints that limit the use of plant products for human and animal consumption is the presence of phytate. Phytate is the major form of phosphate in plant seeds and grains that cannot be degraded by monogastric animals as well as humans. Phytate also acts as a strong chelator of mineral ions; therefore it is associated with majo...
Cholesterol is a major sterol in crustaceans that occurs in all cells and in the hemolymph, either in free form or combined with fatty acids. Unlike vertebrates, shrimps and other crustaceans are incapable of de novo synthesis of cholesterol; therefore, dietary cholesterol is essential for their growth and survival. Their requirement, however, is o...
In aquaculture practices, fish are routinely fasted prior to live transport to reduce metabolic rate and excretion. Prolonged periods of fasting often diminish the performance of transported fish and limit the ability to recover in their new environment. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the ideal fasting period prior to the...
The objective of the present study was to elucidate genome-wide transcriptional responses underlying reduced seawater salinity challenge and ammonia toxicity as single and combined factor in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Fish were progressively acclimated to normal seawater (32 ppt) and reduced seawater salinity (10 ppt). Following accli...
Arsenic (As) is found in waters such as seawater, warm springs, groundwater, rivers, and lakes. In aquatic environments, As occurs as a mixture of arsenate and arsenite, with arsenate usually predominating. The unrestricted application of As pesticides, industrial activities, and mining operations has led to the global occurrence of soluble As abov...
A 9-week
study was conducted to evaluate the potential of processed animal protein
(PAP) in comparison with soybean meal (SM) to replace fish meal (FM) in practical diets
for European catfish, Silurus glanis, on growth performance, liver transaminase activities
and expression of growth-related
genes. Seven isonitrogenous (440 g kg-1 crude
protein)...
The main objective of this study was to understand the mode of interaction between waterborne copper (Cu) and high environmental ammonia (HEA) exposure on freshwater fish, and how they influence the toxicity of each other when present together. For this purpose, individual and combined effects of Cu and HEA were examined on selected physiological a...
Underwater sound generated by pile driving during construction of offshore wind farms is a major concern in many countries. This paper reports on the acoustic stress responses in young European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (68 and 115 days old), based on four in situ experiments as close as 45 m from a pile driving activity. As a primary stress re...
Salinity fluctuation is one of the main factors affecting the overall fitness of marine fish. In addition, water borne ammonia may occur simultaneously with salinity stress. Additionally, under such stressful circumstances, fish may encounter food deprivation. The physiological and ion-osmo regulatory adaptive capacities to cope with all these stre...
This study investigated the modulating effect of temperature variation on the metabolic status and growth performance of tropical freshwater fish, Labeo rohita, when reared with starch-based gelatinized (G) or non-gelatinized (NG) diet. Fish were either maintained at ambient water temperature (26 °C) or exposed to 32 °C for 1 week, and then subject...
We investigated oxidative status and antioxidant profile in five tissues (brain, liver, gills, muscle and kidney) of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) when exposed to high environmental ammonia (HEA, 20mg/L ~ 1.18 mM as NH4HCO3) for 12 h, 2 days, 3.5 days, 7.5 days and 10 days. Results show that HEA triggered ammonia accumulation and induced...
Phytate is the primary storage form of both phosphate and inositol in plant seeds. It forms complexes with dietary minerals, especially iron and zinc, and causes mineral-related deficiency in humans. It also negatively impacts protein and lipid utilisation. It is of major concern for individuals who depend mainly on plant derivative foods. Processi...
Oxidative stress and the antioxidant response induced by high environmental ammonia (HEA) were investigated in the liver and gills of three freshwater teleosts differing in their sensitivities to ammonia. The highly ammonia-sensitive salmonid Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), the less ammonia sensitive cyprinid Cyprinus carpio (common carp) and...
Dietary fibre is a group of non-digestible plant polysaccharides which escapes digestion and absorption in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract and is termed non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs). Plant ingredients generally contain a mixture of both water-soluble and insoluble fibre. NSPS are classified into the following categories: edible carbohydr...
Phytate is the primary storage form of both phosphate and inositol in plant seeds. It forms complexes with dietary minerals, especially iron and zinc, and causes mineral-related deficiency in humans. It also negatively impacts protein and lipid utilisation. It is of major concern for individuals who depend mainly on plant derivative foods. Processi...
We investigated relationships among branchial unidirectional Na(+) fluxes, ammonia excretion, urea excretion, plasma ammonia, plasma cortisol, and gill transporter expression and function in three freshwater fish differing in their sensitivity to high environmental ammonia (HEA). The highly ammonia-sensitive salmonid Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow tr...
Many teleosts have evolved mechanisms to cope with ammonia toxicity in the brain when confronted
with high environmental ammonia (HEA). In the present study, the possible role of conversion of accumulated ammonia to glutamine and other free amino acids in the brain of three freshwater teleosts
differing in their sensitivities to ammonia was investi...
Aquatic Toxicology j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / a q u a t o x Differential responses in ammonia excretion, sodium fluxes and gill permeability explain different sensitivities to acute high environmental ammonia in three freshwater teleosts a b s t r a c t We examined the acute physiological respons...
Phytate is the primary storage form of both phosphate and inositol in plant seeds. It forms complexes with dietary minerals, especially iron and zinc, and causes mineral-related deficiency in humans. It also negatively impacts protein and lipid utilisation. It is of major concern for individuals who depend mainly on plant derivative foods. Processi...
The success and sustainability of aquaculture depends on minimising the operational cost of feed that in general comprises 50–60% of the total cost in intensive farming. The major feed ingredient, fish meal, is expensive and there is increasing competition with other livestock industries for the available static supply of fish meal. Hence, the inco...
Nonstarch polysaccharides (NSPs) occur naturally in many foods. The physiochemical and biological properties of these compounds correspond to dietary fiber. Nonstarch polysaccharides show various physiological effects in the small and large intestine and therefore have important health implications for humans. The remarkable properties of dietary N...