Amir Sadaula

• M.V.Sc (Biotechnology)
• Medical Professional at National Trust for Nature Conservation

Progesterone is the major reproductive hormone in female elephants to maintain pregnancy and is produced by the corpus luteum (CL) and placenta. This study routinely monitored the pregnancy status of captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) of Sauraha, Nepal, based on individual blood progesterone profiles. The five captive Asian elephants were se...

Gut microbiome influences host health and well-being. Co-occurring hosts may exchange disease-causing bacteria belonging to these microbial communities. Therefore, monitoring gut microbiota composition in wildlife and humans is paramount to prevent zoonotic diseases, thus protecting and strengthening public health. We characterized diversity and ab...

To identify the genetic determinants of domestication and productivity of Asian water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), 470 genomes of domesticated river and swamp buffaloes along with their putative ancestors, the wild water buffaloes (Bubalus arnee) are sequenced and integrated. The swamp buffaloes inherit the morphology of the wild buffaloes. In cont...

• Canine distemper virus (CDV) poses a serious threat to leopards in Nepal, with recent raising concern of transmission in wildlife – domestic interface. • CDV strains in leopards belong to the Asia-5 lineage, prevalent among dogs and wild carnivores in Nepal and neighboring India. • Leopard in Kathmandu might have acquired CDV through dog predatio...

Tuberculosis (TB) is an emerging threat to the survival of elephants in Nepal. We investigated the lung tissue samples from nine elephants that died from 2019 to 2022 in Nepal using culture, conventional PCR, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and then performed genotyping of five PCR-positive isolates to understand the possible tran...

Oesophageal obstruction due to hairballs in cats is very rare. Excessive grooming behaviour in cats due to skin infection can lead to impaction in the digestive tract, resulting in deprivation of food and water and ultimately death. This report described a case of a rescued jungle cat showing signs of marked dehydration after death. On postmortem e...

Asian Elephants, classified as an endangered species on the IUCN Red List, play a significant role in bolstering the tourism industry in Sauraha. However, no such studies have been performed to determine the incidence and prevalence of blood parasites in Asian Elephants in Nepal. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of blood parasites and thei...

The efficacy evaluation of levamisole and oxyclozanide treatment on the gastrointestinal nematodes of ungulates at the central zoo, Nepal was carried out from June—August 2021. A total of 40 fecal samples were collected from 10 species of ungulates from the central zoo for determining the efficacy of the anthelmintic given at day 0 of pretreatment...

In order to ascertain the comprehensive prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites among captive Asian elephants in Chitwan National Park, a cross-sectional investigation was conducted. A total of 103 samples was purposefully collected. Demographic details encompassing age and gender, along with epidemiological information concerning deworming status...

EEHV is highly fatal hemorrhagic diseases of young Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), characterized by initial mild symptoms of facial edema and tongue cyanosis. This study describes the clinical signs of EEHV and confirmatory diagnosis. Lethargy, anorexia, cyanotic tongue and facial oedema is the typical clinical signs of 2 years aged elephant cal...

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious zoonotic disease, characterized by the development of tubercles resulting in caseation and calcification in the lungs. In elephants, causative agents Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis result in chronic weight loss, anorexia, and weakness with occasional dyspnea or coughing. TB has been a major thr...

Introduction Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by a group of acid-fast bacilli known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), which has a major impact on humans. Transmission of MTC across the human-animal interface has been demonstrated by several studies. However, the reverse zoonotic transmission from humans to animals (zooanthrop...

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a global multi-host pathogen that is capable of causing considerable mortality in a range of species and is important in the field of conservation medicine. Nepal’s Chitwan National Park is a protected area providing habitat for 32% of the country’s mammal species including endangered carnivores such as the Bengal ti...

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a global multi-host pathogen that is capable of causing considerable mortality in a range of species and is important in the field of conservation medicine. Nepal’s Chitwan National Park is a protected area providing habitat for 32% of the country’s mammal species including endangered carnivores such as the Bengal ti...

Adults of many bird species exhibit morphological distinctions between sexes. However, sex determination of monomorphic bird species on the basis of physical appearance is difficult. Molecular sexing with an appropriate primer pair is widely adopted to determine the sex of monomorphic birds. Sarus crane is one such endangered monomorphic bird whose...

From wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in the Serengeti to tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) in the Russian Far East, canine distemper virus (CDV) has been repeatedly identified as a threat to wild carnivores. Between 2020 and 2022, six Indian leopards (P. pardus fusca) presented to Nepali authorities with fatal neurological disease, consistent with CDV. He...

Adults of many bird species exhibit morphological distinctions between sexes. However, sex determination of monomorphic bird species on the basis of physical appearance is difficult. Molecular sexing with an appropriate primer pair is widely adopted to determine the sex of monomorphic birds. Sarus crane is one such endangered monomorphic bird whose...

Understanding the genetic diversity of a species is vital to improve the effectiveness of conservation management interventions. The greater one-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) is one of the most iconic megaherbivores in South Asia but is classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN. The species is now broadly confined to two isolated populations...

Veterinary hematology serves as an important screening procedure to assess general health conditions, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. This study aims to interpret and establish a set of hematology reference ranges for Asian Elephants managed by private and government facilities in Nepal. Blood samples from 50 elephants around Chitwan National...

Tuberculosis is a major global concern. Tuberculosis in wildlife is a risk for zoonotic transmission and becoming one of the challenges for conservation globally. In elephants, the number of cases is likely rising. The aim of this study was to identify proteins related to tuberculosis infection in elephants, which could then be used for the develop...

Efficacy of levamisole and oxyclozanide treatment on gastrointestinal nematodes of ungulates at the Central Zoo, Nepal

Knowing the status of disease in domestic animals such as dogs ( Canis lupus familiaris ) in fringe areas of the national parks is important to understand the potential disease prevalance in the wildlife population. Dog populations bordering the national parks pose a potential disease risk to native wildlife. We carried out a seroprevalence study a...

Deer are the hoofed ruminants of the order Artiodactyla and suborder Ruminantia in which infectious disease and parasites are of major concern in their conservation. This specific research helps us to determine the transmission of gastrointestinal parasites between deer and livestock in the buffer zone. The study was conducted in the eastern part o...

Deer are the hoofed ruminants of the order Artiodactyla and suborder Ruminantia in which infectious disease and parasites are of major concern in their conservation. This speci c research helps us to determine the transmission of gastrointestinal parasites between deer and livestock in the buffer zone. Fecal examination for the parasitic load was c...

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a vector-borne, transboundary, economic disease of cattle which is clinically manifested with fever, nodules on the skin, emaciation, lymphadenopathy, infertility and death. This study investigates sero-prevalence of LSD and associated factors of cattle in western Chitwan along with molecular confirmation. 107 blood samp...

Veterinary hematology serves as an important screening procedure to assess general health condition, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. The study was aimed to interpret and establish a set of hematology reference range for Asian elephants kept under private and government facilities of Nepal as no major work has been done till now. Blood samples...

Serum samples of 11 Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) from Chitwan National Park in Nepal, collected between 2011–17, were evaluated for the presence of antibodies to eight diseases commonly investigated in large felids. This initial serologic survey was done to establish baseline information to understand the exposure of Nepal's free-ranging...

A study was conducted to estimate the hematological values of captive white-rumped vultures (Gyps bengalensis) in Nepal. Blood samples were collected from 23 adults and 14 juvenile captive white-rumped vultures during their annual health examinations at the Vulture Conservation and Breeding Center, Kasara, Chitwan, Nepal. Of 23 adults, 12 (52%) wer...

The book includes name list of fauna and flora found in and around Chitwan National Park.

Babesiosis is an important emerging tick-borne disease responsible for severe economic losses in dairy cattle enterprise due to incurring cost for parasite control along with compromised milk production and fertility. The study was designed to identify the prevalence of different types of ticks and Babesia spp. infectivity in tick of dairy cattle o...

Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve (KTWR) has the last remaining Nepalese population of the Endangered Asiatic Wild Buffalo (Bubalus arnee Kerr, 1792). Individual animals protected inside KTWR may be of purely wild, domestic or hybrid origin, and the wild population is under potential threat due to habitat loss and genetic introgression from feral backcr...

We present the first molecular-based report on ungulate malaria parasites from water buffalo in Nepal. Fifty-six blood samples were collected from different groups of water buffalo (wild, feral, and domestic) and PCR assays were conducted using Plasmodium spp. cytb specific primers. Two positive cases were detected, one each from feral and domestic...

The greater one‐horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN Red List. Mycobacterium orygis associated disease was identified in a single greater one‐horned rhino in Chitwan National Park in February 2015 prior to a planned translocation of five greater one‐horned rhinoceros from Chitwan National Park to Bardia Natio...

Twelve cat species were recorded in Nepal including the largest, Tiger Panthera tigris, and the smallest, Rusty-spotted Cat Prionailurus rubiginosus. There is more research on the Panthera species than on small wild cats; consequently, the conservation status, distribution, and ecology of small cat species are poorly known. In this article, we repo...

Effective management of the wildlife stockpiles is important to reduce the risk of leakage of contraband to illegal markets. The management of wildlife stockpiles involves a chain of systematized processes that should ensure that such information is not lost, and the destruction of the stockpiles is followed by post-destruction activities. This boo...

The anthelmintic activity of Justicia adhatoda leaves was evaluated against the gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) of goats through fecal egg count reduction test in vivo & egg hatch inhibition test in vitro from July 2013 to October 2013. For in vivo experiment, goats were randomly divided into five treatment groups. Among five treatment groups, po...

Molecular characterization of Mycobacterium orygis isolates from wild animals of Nepal Abstract Mycobacterium orygis, a new member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, was isolated from a captive spotted deer (Axis axis) and a blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) in Nepal. Analyses by spoligotyping, mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units...

Location in Nepal where Mycobacterium orygis–infected rhinoceros was found dead and image of granulomatous tuberculosis lesion.

Four species of vultures are in danger of extinction in South Asia as they have been declined up to 99.9% in South Asia. In order to halt the decline, Bird Conservation Nepal has been adopting integrated approach to conserve vultures in Nepal which involves advocacy, sensitization, monitoring the use of NSAIDs, the collection of veterinarian pledge...

Out of nine species of vultures found in Nepal, four species White-rumped Gyps bengalensis, Long-billed G. indicus Slender-billed G. tenuirostris and Red-headed vultures are listed as critically endangered by IUCN and BirdLife International. The main cause of decline is known to be veterinary drug diclofenac. Diclofenac has been banned in Nepal sin...

INTRODUCTION: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important public health concern worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the status of bTB in animals raised by tuberculosis patients in Western Chitwan, Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August, 2011 to January, 2012. A total of 100 bovines (cattle and...