Amir Letafatkar

• (Ph. D)- Associate Professor in Corrective Exercises and Sport Injuries
• Professor (Associate) at Kharazmi University

This paper presents a protocol for a randomised control trial to compare the effect and durability of the effect of corrective exercise, and manual therapy focused on the back versus hip versus back and hip on disability, function, pressure pain threshold, pressure pain mapping, health and psychological status of the elderly with chronic back and h...

The ongoing conflict between Israel and Hamas has significantly strained Gaza’s healthcare system (Levi et al. Citation2024; Rimawi and Madani Citation2023). To address public health challenges effectively, including those faced by people with disabilities, a multidisciplinary approach is essential, leveraging expertise from psychology, nursing, me...

Objective Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a prevalent health condition worldwide. Several therapeutic interventions aim to improve CLBP. Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) helps patients better understand their pain from biological and physiological perspectives, which clinicians use to reduce pain and disability in patients with chronic musculoskel...

Hybrid e-learning offered flexibility for students who could not attend in-person classes during the COVID-19 pandemic, but its effectiveness in teaching chest physiotherapy remains to be determined. This retrospective case-control study assessed physiotherapy students’ academic performance and satisfaction with a hybrid classroom approach adopted...

Background Injury prevention training using a global systems approach was designed to develop integrated trunk-lower extremity neuromuscular control using whole-body, rotational forces about the vertical Z-axis during simulated sports movements. Hypothesis Compared with traditional hip-focused exercises, injury prevention training using a global s...

Aim and background: Back pain is known as the main cause of disability worldwide. The purpose of this review article was to review the Effects of pain neuroscience education combined with core stability exercises in patients with chronic low back pain. Material and Methods: In this narrative study, we reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) th...

Introduction ACL injury is one of the most common sports injuries that reduces participation in sports and limits daily activities. The best current evidence supports the effectiveness of neuromuscular training in reducing the risk of injury; however, the rate of ACL injuries is still high. Motor learning approaches have been successful in improvin...

Context : The best current evidence supports the effectiveness of neuromuscular training in reducing the risk of injury; however, the rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries is still high. Neurocognitive training (NT) has successfully improved biomechanical risk factors, but they have been considered in only a few studies. Objective : To...

The present study aims to identify the intralimb strength ratio, interlimb strength and range of motion asymmetry index in elderly individuals and then investigate the association between these asymmetry indices and functional limitations among older adults. 200 eligible elderly individuals will participate in this study. Muscle strength and range...

Background Low back pain (LBP) is one of the prevalent chronic pains in flight attendants. Exercise is recommended; however, the effects of resistance exercises with motor skills training and pain reprocessing in flight attendants with LBP are not currently known. This study compares the effect of resistance exercises with motor skills training and...

Background and Aims Today, there is an argument about the effect of various stretching movements on the performance of athletes. Therefore, this study investigated the acute effect of static and dynamic stretching on muscle activity and co-contraction of scapular stabilizer muscles during pull-ups in gymnasts. Methods According to the inclusion and...

Background and Aims Several treatments have been recommended to enhance the running mechanics of individuals with flat feet. Less emphasis has been paid to the impact of these treatments on the ground reaction forces (GRF) and the center of pressure (COP), while these kinetic effects are essential in identifying possible injuries and the body’s com...

Introduction and aim: Fatigue of injury-prone athletes and their placement in situations such as performing shear maneuvers increases the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Therefore, this research aims to answer the question, does functional fatigue change the effect of neuromuscular training on kinetic variables during cutting in injury-p...

Background and aims: Adductor Related Groin Pain (AGP) is a common condition among athletes that affects their muscle strength and isokinetic profile. However, the effects of different types of muscle contractions in AGP conditions have not been investigated; Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate which muscle contraction characteristic is most im...

Background: Trunk control defect is one of the neuromuscular defects that can cause sports-related injuries in athletes. Aim: This research investigated whether neuromuscular training affects several kinetic parameters in male athletes who had trouble controlling their trunks during a change-of-direction movement. Materials and Methods: The present...

Purpose Measuring trunk extensor muscle endurance is important for identifying non-specific low back pain (LBP) risk factors and prognostic indicators, planning treatment goals, and measuring patient progress. This randomized cross-over study evaluated the reliability and validity of a newly instrumented device for measuring lumbar spine extensor m...

Aim: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, with a huge economic burden on public health. Neuromuscular (NMS) exercises may reduce LBP recurrence, but the most effective program has not been established. This narrative review aimed to collect evidence on the effect of NMS exercises in patients with LBP. Methods: A...

چکیده: مقدمه: درد مزمن کشاله یکی از رایج‌ترین آسیب‌های اندام تحتانی در ورزش فوتبال می‌باشد. هدف از این پژوهش مقایسه پارامترهای کینماتیکی منتخب اندام تحتانی حین مانور پرش برشی تک‌پا در فوتبالیست‌های مبتلا به درد مزمن کشاله ران و سالم با رویکرد بررسی مکانیسم‌های جبرانی بود. روش‌شناسی: 32 فوتبالیست حرفه‌ای در دو گروه کنترل و مبتلا به درد در این پژوهش...

Functional Training and Rehabilitation The Neuroscience of Movement, Pain, and Performance

Background and Aims Abnormal posture and alterations in movement and muscle activity patterns have been reported in people with upper cross syndrome (UCS). These changes can lead to imbalance in muscle activation, altered movement patterns, and biomechanical changes. The present study aims to investigate the effect of corrective exercises on postur...

Background Low back pain (LBP) is a multifactorial disorder associated with a high range of physical and psychological burden on the society. Patient-led goal-setting approach has shown potential effects for improving chronic LBP. However, there are few studies investigating its benefits when combined with a supplementary intervention. This paper,...

Background and Aims Non-specific chronic low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common types of LBPs. Due to the complexity of the injury mechanism in this condition, combined interventions and treatments have been suggested. People’s attitudes towards pain and the interaction between biological characteristics of people and social/psychological fa...

It has been indicated that dual tasks may multiply the possibility of injuries due to divided attention. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dual-task on kinematics and kinetics of jump landing in female athletes with and without dynamic knee valgus. In this study, 32 recreational athletes between 18 and 30 years old were recruited and di...

Background This study aimed to compare the effects of cognitive functional therapy (CFT) and movement system impairment (MSI)-based treatment on pain intensity, disability, Kinesiophobia, and gait kinetics in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP). Methods In a single-blind randomized clinical trial, we randomly assigned 91 pati...

We aimed to understand whether ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) and dynamic knee valgus (DKV) kinematic inter-limb asymmetries would be associated with the Lateral Step-Down Test (LSD) in basketball players with chronic ankle instability (CAI), patellofemoral pain (PFP) and healthy controls (HC). An observational cross-sectional study with...

Long-standing groin pain (LSGP) is a common injury in ball games. This study aimed to compare the electrical activity of selected lumbopelvic-hip muscles during a single leg jump-cut maneuver in football players with LSGP and healthy players. Methods: In this case-control study, 32 football players were divided into two groups: LSGP (n=16) and heal...

Context: Hip muscle imbalance, especially between gluteal muscles and tensor fasciae latae (TFL), is one of the risk factors for developing low back pain which should be considered in rehabilitation programs. This study compared the effect of exercises with gluteal-to-TFL muscle activation index above and below 50 on pain intensity, disability, and...

Background Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial form of rheumatic condition contributing to physical and psychological factors. Treatments have been provided solely and often compared with each other. An alternative view is that combined treatments addressing physical and psychological factors may result in more benefits. This study aimed t...

Introduction This study aims to investigate whether a pain neuroscience education (PNE) combined with a blended exercises programme including aerobic, resistance, neuromuscular, breathing, stretching and balance exercises and diet education provides greater pain relief and improvement in functional and psychological factors than PNE and blend...

Variation during practice is widely accepted to be advantageous for motor learning and is, therefore, a valuable strategy to effectively reduce high-risk landing mechanics and prevent primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Few attempts have examined the specific effects of variable training in athletes who have undergone ACL reconstruction...

Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is considered one of the most common health conditions, significantly increasing the disease burden worldwide. Several interventions have been used to relieve CLBP. Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) approach is used to help patients better understand their pain from a biological and physiological perspective...

Variable during practice is widely accepted to be advantageous for motor learning and therefor a valuable strategy to effectively reduce high-risk landing mechanics and prevent primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Few attempts have examined the specific effects of variable train-ing in athletes who have undergone ACL reconstruction. The...

This study aimed to measure the acute effects of Kinesio taping at different stretches on tuck jump performance in active individuals. Seventy-five males (23.01 ± 2.24 years, 178.35 ± 8.12 cm, 72.47 ± 6.58 kg) were randomly distributed into three groups: (1) Kinesio taping without stretch, (2) Kinesio taping with approximately 50% stretch, and (3)...

مقدمه و اهداف: مکانیسم غیرطبیعی لگن و زانو اغلب در دوندگان با آسیب های ناشی از دویدن مشاهده می‌شود. مطالعه حاضر به بررسی تأثیر بازخورد بیرونی کلامی بر درد و بیومکانیک حرکتی دوندگان تفریحی که آسیب‌های ناشی از دویدن دارند، پرداخته است. مواد و روش ها: ۲۰ دونده‌ی تفریحی آسیب دیده زن و مرد در این تحقیق حضور داشتند. یک جلسه شامل پیش آزمون بود و در جلسه د...

Background and Aims Athletic groin pain (AGP) is one of the most common injuries among athletes. It causes the use of compensatory mechanisms to adjust pain and affects lumbar-pelvic and hip movements, which leads to prolonging the pain healing process. This study aims to compare the timing of electromyographic activity in selected lumbar-pelvic mu...

Aim and background: Low back pain is one of the most common problems among pregnant women and requires further investigation and design of effective interventions. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of adding breathing exercises to comprehensive exercises in water and dry land on lumbo-pelvic pain. pain, functional disability, SFM...

Purpose: This study aims to assess the effects of an 8-week core stability training on the kinematics and kinetics of trunk flexion and extension motions in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP). Methods: A total of 30 CNSLBP patients with the age range of 25 to 45 years were randomly divided into 2 equally sized groups. The su...

Background Various psychological issues and serious health concerns during the imposed lockdown by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have induced many changes in the treatment of patients. More effective self-management strategies through tele-rehabilitation are suggested to be applied for patients with chronic neck pain to reduce referrals to he...

Aims and background: Non-specific chronic low back pain (LBP) is the most common problem of spinal column disorder and musculoskeletal problems. Many evidences have demonstrated that exercise and corrective exercise is a positive intervention on reducing the pain; but according to the relationship between increased lumbar lordosis angle and low bac...

According to the research, a lack of neuromuscular control is a major cause of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury during locomotion. This study aimed to determine the influence of various prescriptive and Constrained Led Approach (CLA) training approaches on lower extremity kinematics and stride length in children aged 3-5 years ol...

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of the challenge point framework (CPF) to improve stepping reactions and enhance balance in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP). The CPF relates practice variables to the skill level of the individual and task difficulty. METHODS: Nine children with HCP (age: 7.7 ± 2.4 years) completed six weeks...

Abstract: The current study aimed to compare the possible effects of differential learning strategy, self-controlled feedback, and external focus of attention on kinetic and kinematic risk factors of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in athletes. Forty-eight male athletes from three sports of handball, volleyball and basketball were selected...

مقدمه و اهداف: هدف از انجام تحقیق حاضر، بررسی تأثیر مداخله شنوایی بر بیومکانیک پای تکیه گاه و مهارت فرد در شوت ورزشکاران نخبه فوتسال می باشد. مواد و روش ها: ۲۱ فوتسالیست نخبه در سطح تیم ملی با میانگین سن ۶/۲ ± ۸/۲۱ سال بر اساس معیارهای ورود انتخاب شدند. کینماتیک منتخب اندام تحتانی و مهارت افراد در شوت زدن تحت شرایط با و بدون مداخله شنوایی مورد ارز...

This study aimed to investigate how facilitatory and inhibitory KT of the Vastus Medialis affected the activation and the fatigue indices of VM, Vastus Lateralis (VL) and Rectus Femoris (RF) throughout a dynamic fatigue protocol. Seventeen collegiate athletes (Ten males, seven females, age: 24.76 ± 3.99 years, height: 1.73 ± 0.10 m, mass: 68.11 ± 8...

Aims and background: This study aimed to investigate the comparison of isokinetic parameters of hip and knee joint muscles in professional soccer players with athletic groin pain (AGP) and healthy ones. Material and Methods: 32 soccer players (control group (n=16) and AGP group (n=16)) who take part in the first and second division league participa...

Aims and background: Gluteal to tensor index indicates the electrical activition ratio of gluteal to tensor fasciae latae muscles, that the normalized electrical activity is used. The role of hip muscles in improving function and preventing injury is also considerable in the rehabilitation process of injury in patients with nonspecific chronic low...

Aims and background: Low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in athletics. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Movement-Pattern Training on range of motion of the knee joint in the frontal level in athletes with nonspecific chronic low back pain during sing-leg landing. Materials and Methods: This clinical...

Aims and background: Chronic neck pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders. Many studies have reported the effect of exercise on pain, but given the increase in neck arch, hyperkyphosis, and scapular function that are associated with pain-related postural changes, it seems that the study of pain changes with forward head posture, hy...

Background and Objective: The scientific evidence related to the effectiveness of rehabilitation on electromyographical activity of trunk muscles is limited. This study was performed to determine the effect of movement-pattern training on frequency of selected trunk muscles during single-leg landing in individuals with non-specific chronic low back...

Background Pes Planus or Flat feet is one of the most common lower limb abnormalities. When runners with this abnormality participate in recreational running, interventional therapies could help in pain alleviation and enhance performance. To determine the most effective treatment, however, a biomechanical examination of the effects of each treatm...

Introduction: Self-management education is the basis of any intervention for persons with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Given the bio psychosocial nature of chronic musculoskeletal pain, an educational approach based on the bio psychosocial model would seem to be an appropriate educational model for the treatment of these people during coronavirus...

Introduction Self-management education is the basis of any intervention for persons with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Given the biopsychosocial nature of chronic musculoskeletal pain, an educational approach based on the biopsychosocial model would seem to be an appropriate educational model for the treatment of these people during coronavirus di...

After an initial ankle sprain, a relevant number of participants develop chronic ankle instability (CAI). Compensatory strategies in patients with CAI may change the inter‑limb symmetry needed for absorbing movement‑related forces. Accordingly, an increased risk of injury can occur. The present study aimed to compare the inter‑limb asymmetry of...

Abstract Background and aims: Muscle strength is one of the key factors in sports performance, and muscle strength imbalance is considered one of the risk factors in sports injuries. Athletic groin pain (AGP) is a frequent injury among the soccer player and could change the adductor/abductor muscles balance ratio due to the pain. This study aimed t...

Neck pain and forward head posture (FHP) are typical in prolonged smartphone users and need to be targeted for treatment. We aimed to compare the effect of a routine therapeutic program with and without respiratory exercises on smartphone users with FHP and non-specific chronic neck pain (NSCNP). Sixty patients (aged 24.7 ± 2.1 years) with FHP and...

Background and aim: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is one of the health system challenges in the world. Studies show that 60 to 80 percent of adults in different communities have CLBP. Although rehabilitation program have been effective after surgery the question is whether exercise prehabilitation as new approach can more improve recovery process af...

The purpose of this study was to show that: being "in context" and "similarity" in fatiguing protocols to the main aspects of sport doesn't alter wrestlers balance. Twenty professional male wrestling athletes (age 26.2±1 yr, VO2max 62.3±3.1 ml kg min) participated in this study (10 in experimental and 10 subjects in control group) and completed a f...

Background Lack of the neuromuscular control during locomotion in the knee joint leads to an increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in children. Hence, we aimed to explore the effects of a repetitive, model-oriented, and self-organized approach on lower limb kinematics during gait in children. Methods In randomized controlled tr...

Background and Aims: Hypermobility is defined as a condition in which many synovial joints move beyond their natural range of movement. Since hypermobile individuals participate in athletic activities, identifying their functional differences with healthy people and the likelihood of injury can help planning suitable exercises for them. The purpose...

Introduction:This study aimed to compare selected kinetic factors during a cross-cutting maneuver in soccer players with athletics groin pain (AGP) and healthy-ones. Materials and Method: twenty-eight soccer players (healthy group (n=14) and AGP group (n=14)) who take-part in the first division league participated in this study. A force-plate via 1...

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries commonly occur when attention is simultaneously on the environment (other players, objects) and maintaining neuromuscular control. Therefore, our purpose was to investigate lower-extremity coordination following ACLR during a run-to-cut with ecological validity to sport competition. Sixteen male basketball...

Low back pain is the major clinical refare and socio-economic problem in most countries. This study designed to compare the effect of motor control exercises and PNF exercises on postural control, strength, endurance, and proprioception in women with non-specific chronic low back pain. Methods: 45 women with non-specific chronic low back pain were...

Aims and background: Glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) is one of the most important risk factors for overhead-throwing athletes and adversely affects the biomechanics of the Glenohumeral joint during overhead-throwing motions. The aim of this study was to review all the articles performed in the field for the effect of corrective exerci...

Our objective was to examine the effects of cognitive load on support limb mechanics during a futsal kicking task. Twenty-one male futsal players completed kicks of a stationary ball without a secondary task (baseline), as well as kicks where cognitive load was increased by including a secondary cognitive task (dual-task) and requiring tracking of...

Introduction: Impulse is one of the best indexes in ground reaction force characteristics of human movement. Impact also provides further information including the amplitude and duration of applying force . This study aimed to compare vertical impulse during a cutting maneuver between soccer players with athletics groin pain and healthy ones. Metho...

Introduction: Athletic groin pain (AGP) is one of the most common injuries among soccer players . This study aimed to determine whether AGP changes the rate of force development (RFD) during a cutting maneuver in soccer players. Methods: Twenty-eight soccer players (14 healthy, 14 with AGP) who took part in the second division league participated i...

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to compare the coordination variability of lower extremity segments in men with genu varum and healthy men during treadmill running at different speeds . Materials and Methods: Among sports and physical education students, 15 healthy men and 15 men with genu varum voluntarily participated in this resea...

Symmetry index is one of the criteria for assessing the biomechanical performance status during sports activities. Asymmetry is known as a pathological factor and complete asymmetry or reduction of asymmetry in injured people is used as an indicator to determine the back to sport time. This study aimed to investigate whether groin pain changes the...

Background: Female athletes are more predisposed to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in comparison with their male counterparts. Research on ACL injury prevention strategies has demonstrated beneficial effects of plyometric exercises and feedback (FB) during the exercises. FB has resulted in reductions in vertical ground-reaction force an...

Background and Aims: Athletic groin pain (AGP) is one of the most common injuries among athletes; Pain uses compensatory mechanisms to modulate it and affects lumbar-pelvic and thigh movements, which leads to a prolonged pain healing process. This study aimed to the comparison of timing electromyography activity of selected lumbar-pelvic muscles du...

Abstract Introduction and Aim: Neck pain is one of the main musculoskeletal disorders in adults and is the fourth leading cause of disability in the world. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of sensorimotor training on proprioception, posture and pain in female patients with chronic non-specific neck pain. Methods: This is a quasi-ex...

Objective We investigated whether adding lumbar motor control training with a pressure biofeedback unit improves outcomes of a conservative deep cervical flexor motor control program on neck pain, neck disability, deep cervical flexor endurance, and health status in middle-aged patients with chronic neck pain and forward head posture after eight we...

Background and Aims The present study aimed to investigate the effects of 4 weeks of aquatic exercise prehabilitation pre-surgery along with eight weeks of exercise rehabilitation after laminectomy surgery on pain and core muscles electromyography in women with a chronic low back. Methods A total of 30 females with CLBP candidates for laminectomy s...

Background and Objective: One of the most common complications of mild cognitive impairment is increased body sway and falls. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Pilates training on control posture in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 30 women with mild cognitive impairment w...

Background This study sought to determine the effects of a 6-week neuromuscular training (NMT) and NMT plus external focus (NMT plus EF) programs on trunk and lower extremity inter-segmental movement coordination in active individuals at risk of injury. Methods Forty-six active male athletes (controls = 15, NMT = 16, NMT plus EF = 15) participated...

زمینه و هدف: یکی از شایع‌ترین تظاهرات افراد مبتلا به اختلال شناخت خفیف، افزایش در نوسان پاسچر و افتادن است. این مطالعه به منظور کنترل پاسچر در سالمندان مبتلا به اختلال شناخت خفیف بعد از تمرینات پیلاتس انجام شد. روش بررسی: این کارآزمایی بالینی روی 30 زن مبتلا به اختلال شناخت خفیف مراجعه کننده به مرکز تحقیقات سالمندان استان کرمانشاه در سال 1398 انجا...

Objective: To investigate if adding Kinesio tape to therapeutic exercise is an effective treatment to improve clinical outcomes compared to therapeutic exercise alone and no intervention, in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome. Design: Three-arm randomized controlled trial. Setting: Outpatient setting. Subjects: One hundred and twenty pa...

Background: Different individualized interventions have been used to improve chronic low back pain (CLBP). However, their superiority over group-based interventions has yet to be elucidated. We compared an individualized treatment involving pain neuroscience education (PNE) plus motor control exercise (MCE) with group-based exercise (GE) in patient...

Introduction: The purpose of present research was to compare the effect of mental, physical and mental- physical exercises on the balance ability of blind students. Materials and Methods: Subjects of this semi-experimental research were 30 daughters with the maximum Visual acuity of 0.05 Diopter in the dominant eyes, who were selected through a si...

Introduction:Research results have shown that Back School instruction is an effective method to change the level of knowledge of the workers. The aim of this study was to survey the Effect of Back School program education and decrease of low back pain and alteration in spine curves. Materials and Methods: Participants in this study were workers of...

Background and aim: Netball smart and FIFA +11, are widely used as warm-up programs to prevent athlete injuries. But so far the effectiveness of these two warm-up methods has not been compared on the two-dimensional kinematics of active men. The aim of the current study was to compare the effect of FIFA +11 and Netball Smart warm up programs on the...

Introduction:Post- anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction(ACLR) return to sport is reckoned one of the most important issues and the main factor preventing a safe return to sports is deemed biomechanical asymmetry between the limbs, which plays a significant role in the risk of re-injury. Materials and Methods: Articles relevant to biomechanical...

Background and Objective: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most serious knee injuries and it happens frequently during sports activities. Appropriate muscle activity is essential to provide joint stability and prevention of ACL injury. This study was performed to determine the effect of external focus instructions and functi...

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of conventional physiotherapy plus Dry Needling (DN) technique in patients with chronic nonspecific neck pain with Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and Upper Trapezius (UT) muscles involvement. Methods: This study was designed as a single-blind randomized clinical trial. A total of 39 patients (19 men and 2...

Karate training, despite the many positive health benefits, carries a risk of injury for participants. The current cross-sectional study aimed to investigate knee injury profiles among Iranian elite karatekas. Participants who attended the national team qualifiers, which included 390 male Kumite karatekas (age 24 ± 3 years old and weight 63 ± 12 kg...

Background: There is some evidence that high-load lumbar stabilization exercises, such as back bridge, can recruit both local and global muscles. Hypothesis: Therapeutic exercises would optimize gluteus maximus (GMax), gluteus medius (GMed), multifidus (MF), and transversus abdominis (TrA) activation, while minimizing the activation of the tensor...

Objective: Commenting on the return to sport after some injury is in doubt. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between test scores of movement control and a history of knee and ankle injury in active females. Methods: Statistical population of this study was 57 active females (22 healthy subjects, 19 subjects with a history o...

Background Athletes who have undergone anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction often exhibit persistent altered biomechanics and impaired function. Neuromuscular training programs appear to be effective for reducing high-risk landing mechanics and preventing primary ACL injuries; however, there have been few attempts to examine their effect...

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of conventional physiotherapy plus dry needling (DN) technique in patients with chronic nonspecific neck pain with sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and upper trapezius (UT) muscles involvement. Methods: This study was designed as a single-blind randomized clinical trial. A total of 39 patients (19 men a...

Background: People suffering from flat foot show more movements in hindfoot and midfoot joints as compared to the others. The anti-pronation tapings are supposed to provide temporary external support for the medial longitudinal arch. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of two types of anti-pronation taping on the lower limb kinetics in...

Aims and background: One of the most common progressive destructive diseases in the central nervous system is multiple sclerosis. Its inflammatory process causes a wide range of limitations, including reduced control of posture and the ability to walk. Therefore, the aim of this review was to evaluate the effect of resistance training on body postu...