Ambasankar Kondusamy

Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture · Nutrition, Genetics and Biotechnology Division (NGBD)

Vitamin E is one of the most important vitamins in aquatic animal breeding, larval growth, and development. It is also considered to be a functional feed addtitive for its antioxidant and immunity-improvement role resulting in better survival and growth during early life stages. However, the role of vitamin E in the diet of milkfish larvae has not...

With an aim to evaluate the culture potential of Indian white shrimp, Penaeus indicus grow-out farming trials were carried out under different salinity regimes and stocking densities across the coastal states of India (West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala). The growth performance and immunity status were assessed under two di...

Closing the complex life cycle of closed thelycum shrimp in captivity is one of the fundamental challenges in breeding programs. In the present study, we investigated the sexual maturity, broodstock development, and spawning performance of two generations of captive-reared Indian white shrimp, Penaeus indicus, over 36 months originated from a singl...

Parasitic infestations and their control programmes are one among the challenges to be considered the most significant in aquaculture. A parasitic infestation was studied elaborately in Asian Seabass, Lates calcarifer juveniles with clinical signs, post-mortem findings, morphological and molecular identifications. In addition, those fish were also...

Background: The success of larval rearing is greatly influenced by first feeding regimes and the nutritional quality of weaning diets, with dietary lipids being recognized as one of the most important nutritional factors that affect larval growth and survival. Reports are scanty on milkfish larval nutrition and growth and survival unlike other mari...

Parasitic infestations and their control programmes are one among the challenges to be considered the most significant in aquaculture. A parasitic infestation was studied elaborately in Asian Seabass, Lates calcarifer juveniles with clinical signs, post-mortem findings, morphological and molecular identifications. In addition, those fish were also...

Three sets of experiments were conducted to determine the short- and long-term effects of salinity (3, 25, and 48 ppt) on the post-larval (PL), nursery, and grow-out phases of Penaeus indicus. In Exp I, the salinity acclimation (3 or 5 ppt day⁻¹) effects on the survival of PL4 and PL12 were studied at 3, 25, and 48 ppt. In Exp II, nursery rearing (...

C‐Phycocyanin (CPC) was extracted from Arthrospira sp. and isolated from an estuarine ecosystem in southern India. A 45‐day feeding trial was conducted to unravel the effect of dietary CPC in Penaeus vannamei. Seven iso‐nitrogenous and iso‐energetic experimental diets were prepared with different levels of CPC at 0 (CPC0), 50 (CPC50), 100 (CPC100),...

Shrimp farming is a technology-driven and risk-intensive food production system. Shrimp farms are remotely located and farmers need customized farm advisories, which the conventional extension systems are not able to provide. To provide technology advisories to the stakeholders, an android mobile application, CIBA ShrimpApp, was developed in 2018,...

A feeding experiment (60 days) was conducted to evaluate the effect of Bacillus spp. fermented plant protein mix in Penaeus monodon. A control diet (CNT) contains 25% fishmeal, of which 50% was substituted (w/w) with Bacillus spp. fermented plant protein mix at two different concentrations of 0.25 and 0.50% (PP-0.25 and PP-0.50, respectively), whil...

Insect meals received great attention in the aquafeed sector during the past decade due to the unsustainable demand for fishmeal. Desirable nutrient content, especially protein with balanced amino acids is of great importance in the use of insect meals as a viable protein source in aquafeeds. Insect meal could complement about 20-75% of dietary fis...

An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary krill meal inclusion in diets with moderate (12%) and low (6%) fishmeal concentrations for Penaeusvannamei.Inasmuch, eight iso‑nitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain 36% crude protein and 5.5% crude lipid. In the moderate-fishmeal diets, krill meal w...

Silver moony, Monodactylus argenteus is a high value euryhaline ornamental fish with good market demand. The information about its nutrient requirement especially the protein requirement is essential to formulate feeds, which can maintain the good health and colouration in addition to its growth assumes paramount importance. A 90 days feeding exper...

An indoor experiment was carried out to assess the effect of various fresh foods and formulated diets on oxygen consumption in relation to nitrogen metabolism in Penaeus monodon. Seven iso-nitrogenous diets were formulated by substituting fishmeal (w/w) at 0 (control), 2.5 and 5% using groundnut oil cake (GNC-1 and GNC-2, respectively), rapeseed me...

A blend of plant proteins (soybean meal, groundnut oil cake, sunflower oil cake, wheat gluten meal and corn gluten meal at 4:2:1:6.5:6.5) was used to substitute fishmeal in the diet of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790). Five iso-nitrogenous (401.13-407.33 g kg-1) diets were prepared by substituting fishmeal at 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 an...

Monodactylus argenteus, is a high-value euryhaline ornamental fish having a good market demand. Information about its nutrient requirement, especially protein, is essential for feed formulation to maintain good health, growth and colouration. A 3-month feeding trial on the fry of this species was carried out to evaluate the effect of varying dietar...

The study was undertaken to unravel the potential of fish waste hydrolysate (FWH) on enhancing phytoplankton production and reducing formulated feed in milkfish (Chanos chanos) culture. Milkfish fry (Average Body Weight (ABW): 0.137 ± 0.004 g) were randomly distributed in 27 Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) tanks with 20 fry per tank. The experiment...

The present study was conducted to study the effect of varying levels of moisture content on extrusion properties of CIBA developed Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) feed. The effect of addition of moisture was studied at 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. The trial was carried out in a pilot scale twin screw extruder (M/S. Jinan saibainuo Technology, Chi...

A sixty-day feeding trial was conducted to elucidate the effect of coated and uncoated crystalline amino acid mix (CAA) in Penaeus monodon. The control diet (CNT) was formulated with 250 g/kg fishmeal, and three more test diets were prepared by replacing 50% (125 g/kg) of fishmeal (w/w) using a blend of plant proteins with no supplementation of CAA...

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The invention relates to hormone administration for inducing maturation and spawning in fish. The invention further relates to the induction of maturation and spawning in Milk fish (Chanos chanos). The invention relates to an intramuscular hormone implantation formulation and method of preparation of the formulation and dose and dosage of administr...

In this study, we examined the effect of different dietary inclusion levels of soy lecithin on growth, feed utilization, digestive enzyme activity, whole body fatty acid profile, body deformity and survival of milkfish (Chanos chanos) larvae, through a six‐week feeding experiment. During the trial, five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic (~580 g kg−1...

Inclusion of sustained-release androgen-gonadotrophin releasing hormone analogue implants into fertility treatment regimes of male and female milkfish has been proposed to benefit artificial maturation outcomes. This study aimed to investigate scope of co-administration of the androgen, 17α –methyl testosterone (17 α -MT) in combination with GnRHa...

Two sets of experimental trials (45 days each) were carried out to optimize protein requirement and stocking densities of Indian white shrimp, Penaeus indicus post-larvae in nursery rearing. In experiment 1, the effect of varying dietary protein levels (30, 40, 50, and 60%) on the growth performance of nursery reared P. indicus (PL12) was evaluated...

The accelerated development of high-density brackishwater shrimp farming necessitates the importance of bioremediation. Seaweeds have the potential to reduce nutrients from aquaculture systems and provide extra income when species of economic importance are used. Identification of suitable seaweed species which is locally available in abundance wit...

Success in captive reproduction and hatchery-based seed production is fundamental for the development of sustainable aquaculture of grey mullet in India. In the present study, the induced breeding and reproductive performance of two geographically different groups of grey mullet, Mugil cephalus sourced from east and west coasts of India were studie...

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on histology, digestive enzyme activity,biochemical and immunological parameters of Asian seabass fingerlings with an average weight of 11.6±0.05 g. Experimental diets containing 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% FOS were prepared and the feeding experiment was carried...

The physico-chemical characteristics of three different types of refined wheat flours (RWF-1, RWF-2 and RWF-3) were assessed to ascertain its suitability in shrimp feed along with three different types of whole (WWF-1, WWF-2 and WWF-3) and commercial (CWF-1, CWF-2 and CWF-3) wheat flours, and the essential amino acid index (EAAI) was determined bas...

Asian seabass Lates calcarifer, popularly known as bhetki or barramundi, is an economically important species for diversification of Indian aquaculture. The carnivorous feeding habit and high protein and high fat requirement for this fish necessitate higher inclusion of fish meal and fish oil. To maintain the sustainability and to reduce the feed c...

The incorporation of plant protein sources in shrimp feed is limited due to unbalanced amino acids and higher anti-nutrients. In the present study, soybean meal (SBM), groundnut oil cake (GNC), rapeseed meal (RSM), sunflower oil cake (SFC) and guar meal (GRM) were subjected to natural, bacterial, fungal and yeast fermentation methods. The essentia...

A 45-days indoor laboratory trial was performed with juveniles of Penaeus vannamei (3.11±0.64 g) to evaluate the effect of salinity on mineral contents in different tissues. Juveniles of P. vannamei were acclimatised to different salinity levels of 3, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60‰, using sea salt or freshwater at the rate of 2‰ per day from the origin...

A 45-days indoor laboratory trial was performed with juveniles of Penaeus vannamei (3.11±0.64 g) to evaluate the effect of salinity on mineral contents in different tissues. Juveniles of P. vannamei were acclimatised to different salinity levels of 3, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60‰, using sea salt or freshwater at the rate of 2‰ per day from the origin...

Proximate composition of different parts of brood and nonbrood fishes of Grey mullet Mugil cephalus L 1758

Biochemical composition of edible and nonedible portions of Indian tiger shrimp P. monodon

Seasonal changes in fatty acid profiles of wild tiger shrimp P. monodon Human dietary significance

Shrimp is one of the world's most popular shellfish and is part of almost every nation's traditional meal. It is rich in protein, ώ-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), minerals and vitamins. It provides high quality proteins and minerals low in calories with the lowest fat percentage among the non-vegetarian food items. In the present study the m...

A Fish Waste Hydrolysate (FWH) was prepared from fish waste and was evaluated its potential for use in Penaeus vannamei culture. FWH applied @ 20 ppm in two split application was found to be optimum for phytoplankton abundance, diversity and higher (< 0.01) specific growth rate (SGR) and total biomass gain of shrimp. Supplementation of FWH signific...

Soybean meal was subjected to autoclaving for different durations (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min) to alter its protein solubility index (PSI). As a result of autoclaving, the PSI of soybean meal was reduced from 85-64% but the protein quantity was not affected. Among amino acids, methionine and cystine were reduced significantly (P < 0.05) beyond autocl...

A Fish Waste Hydrolysate (FWH) was prepared from fish waste and was evaluated its potential for use in Penaeus vannamei culture. FWH applied @ 20 ppm in two split application was found to be optimum for phytoplankton abundance, diversity and higher (<0.01) specific growth rate (SGR) and total biomass gain of shrimp. Supplementation of FWH significa...

Effect of partial replacement of marine protein and oil sources in presence of lyso-lecithin in the diet of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1978

Nutritive value of live food organism...

Proximate and fatty acid profiles in farmed tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon

Acyl-CoaA Bindinf protein expresssion in hyperosmotic stressed tiger shrimp

Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of untreated guar meal (GRM) and fungal fermented guar meal (FGRM) were tested in Penaeus indicus (15.82±1.94 g) and Penaeus monodon (15.27±2.37 g) using a 70:30 replacement method and chromium as an inert marker. A total of thirty shrimp were stocked in three 500 L experimental tanks (1.31 x 0.64 x 0.73 m)...

A 45‐day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the utilization of fermented plant protein mix (FPPM) as a fishmeal substitute in the diet of Penaeus vannamei. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated by substituting fishmeal at 0% (control), 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 90% (FR‐0, FR‐50, FR‐60, FR‐70, FR‐80 and FR‐90, respectively) using...

The present study evaluated the effect of varying levels of moisture and temperature on the extrudate properties of the milkfish (Chanos chanos) feed containing 31.49% protein and 4.71% lipid. Two trials were conducted in a pilot scale twin screw extruder using 3 mm die. In the first trial, the effect of temperature on extrudate properties was stud...

In this study, an attempt was made to standardise the method of culture of the seaweed Gracilaria tenuistipitata in brackishwater ecosystems. The species was selected as it is available in abundance due to its tolerance for a wide range of salinity, as seaweed culture in brackishwater ecosystem requires a suitable species which is adaptable and pro...

Shrimp aquaculture demands technological advancement that boosts production and environmental sustainability. This study evaluated and compared the growth performance and innate immunity of two species of shrimp (Pacific White shrimp Penaeus vannamei and India white shrimp Penaeus indicus) reared under biofloc technology with different dietary prot...

A 120 days grow out culture trial of Indian white shrimp, Penaeus indicus was carried out to ascertain the effect of different dietary level of protein in pond system. Three experimental feeds with crude protein (CP) - 30 (P30), 35 (P35) and 40% (P40) levels and their effects on growth performance of shrimps were studied for a period of 120 days. S...

Feeding diets with graded levels of fermented soybean meal to Pacific whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931)-Effect on digestive enzymes, immune responses and carcass composition ABSTRACT A 45-days indoor trial was performed to assess the effect of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) on digestive enzyme activity, immune responses and carcass comp...

Fishmeal is being trusted as the most reliable protein source due to its nutritional quality in terms of attractability, palatability, digestibility, excellent nutrient profiles to fulfil the dietary requirement of aquatic species. The aquaculture sector consumes >70% of global fishmeal, though aqua feeds constitute only 4% in total industrial feed...

A 45-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary lipid/essential fatty acid (EFA) level on growth performance in Litopenaeus vannamei reared at 2, 25 and 50‰ salinity. Three iso‑nitrogenous (374 g/kg) experimental diets were formulated to contain 30, 60 and 90 g/kg of lipid having 6, 12 and 24 g/kg of EFA (Diet-30/6, Diet-60/1...

The gold-spot mullet, Liza parsia (Hamilton, 1822) is a common mullet species that constitutes year round thriving fishery in the shallow coastal waters, estuaries, mangrove swamps and brackishwater lakes along the coast of India. Nutrient and fatty acid composition were analysed in cultured and wild caught L. parsia of different size groups. Fish...

Rapeseed meal (RSM) was fermented using the fungus, Aspergillus niger and was evaluated as a fishmeal substitute in the diet of Penaeus vannamei. A 45-days' growth trial was carried out using nine iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets. Raw/fermented RSM was included in experimental diets at the rate of 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg by replac...

A 45-days trial was performed to assess the effect of fermented sunflower oil cake (FSFC) on digestive enzymes activity and immune responses in Penaeus vannamei. Five iso-nitrogenous diets were formulated with FSFC (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg) by substituting fishmeal (w/w). A total of 300 juveniles (3.08±0.07 g) were randomly distributed to the ex...

A fattening demonstration was carried out in Sorlagondi (15.86400N, 80.96710E) mangrove ecosystem in Diviseema region, Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh, India, by adapting a holistic approach of “Integrated Mangrove Fishery Farming System.” The local Yanadi tribal communities engaged in mangrove afforestation programmes were provided with 144 indiv...

The present study aimed to assess growth performance and health status of Lates calcarifer larvae fed with crude microalgal extracts. Larvae weighing 5.96 ± 0.39 mg were randomly divided into four experimental groups in triplicates, with each replicate having 35 larvae. Four diets formulated to contain 55% protein and 12% lipid, were prepared with...

Two separate studies were carried out to ascertain the functional properties and chemical composition of shrimp feeds. In the first study five different commercial shrimp feeds (Brand-A, B, C, D and E) were collected from Andhra Pradesh-India. In the second study, five different grades (Grade-1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 and 1.8mm diameter) of shrimp feed fr...

Using the 70:30 replacement method and chromium as an inert marker, the digestibility of four fermented oilseed meals/cakes (soybean meal (FSBM), groundnut oil cake (FGNC), rapeseed meal (FRSM), and sunflower oil cake (FSFC)) were determined in Penaeus monodon and Penaeus indicus. Apparent dry matter digestibility (ADMD) of fermented ingredients wa...

Growth and reproductive variations of broodstock of grey mullet Mugil cephalus collected from two geographic locations; Chennai, India (east coast, TE) (initial average weight, 782.4±58.26 g) and, Cochin, India, TW (west coast, TW) (initial average weight, 726.1±31.09 g) were studied in captivity. Broodfish (n=45) of each geographic group were main...

South Western Punjab in India possesses abundant resources of inland saline groundwater with salinities ranging from 3 to 15 ppt. Total alkalinity of this saline groundwater at several sites exceeds 300 ppm and even reaches as high as 500 ppm. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the suitability of these sites for Penaeus vannamei far...

Commercial de-fatted groundnut oil cake (GNC) and rapeseed meal (RSM) were fermented using the fungus, Aspergillus niger to evaluate for carcass amino acid, fatty acid and minerals in Penaeus vannamei after 45-days. Fermented GNC and RSM was included at 100 and 75 g/kg by replacing fishmeal in test diets. A total of 180 shrimps (3.12±0.09 g) were d...

Commercial de‐fatted groundnut oil cake (GNC) fermented with the fungus Aspergillus niger was evaluated as a fishmeal alternative in the diet of Penaeus vannamei. A 45‐day growth trail was performed using nine iso‐nitrogenous and iso‐lipidic diets. Untreated/fermented GNC was included at the rate of 0 (control), 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg by replacing...

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of supplementation of inulin on histology, immuno‐haematological and biochemical parameters of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) fingerlings with an initial average body weight of 7.14 ± 0.05 g. Inulin was supplemented at four different concentrations (control) 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg in...