Amanda Lombard

Amanda Lombard
Nelson Mandela University | NMMU · Institute of Coastal and Marine Research

Doctor of Philosophy

About

109
Publications
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7,081
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Publications

Publications (109)
Article
Full-text available
Growing demands on ocean resources are placing increasing pressures on ocean ecosystems. To assess the current state of knowledge of future human pressures on the ocean, we conducted a literature review of recent and projected trends of 25 anthropogenic pressures, comprising most of the identified human pressures on the global oceans. To better und...
Article
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Azooxanthellate scleractinian corals, a group of species that lack a symbiotic relationship with dinoflagellates, are influenced by environmental variables at various scales. As the global commitment to sustainably manage ocean ecosystems and resources rises, there is a growing need to describe biodiversity trends in previously unsampled areas. Ben...
Article
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Planning of marine areas has spread widely over the past two decades to support sustainable ocean management and governance. However, to succeed in a changing ocean, marine spatial planning (MSP) must be ‘climate-smart’— integrating climate-related knowledge, being flexible to changing conditions, and supporting climate actions. While the need for...
Article
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Accurate assessments of ecosystem condition are needed to inform management processes such as systematic conservation planning and protected area expansion, marine spatial planning and other effective area‐based conservation measures. Yet measuring the condition of dynamic and often largely inaccessible marine ecosystems is extremely difficult and...
Article
Oceans beyond the continental shelf represent the largest yet least protected environments. The new agreement to increase protection targets to 30% by 2030 and the recent United Nations (UN) High Seas Treaty try to address this gap, and an increase in the declaration of oceanic Marine Protected Areas (oMPAs) in waters beyond 200 m in depth is likel...
Article
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With a focus on oceans, we collaborated across ecological, social and legal disciplines to respond to the United Nations call for transformation in the ‘2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development’. We developed a set of 13 principles that strategically and critically connect transformative ocean research to transformative ocean governance (complementi...
Article
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The likelihood of success of a marine protected area (MPA) is strongly dependent on stakeholders’ support. A concern often raised by local fishers is their lack of involvement in the design or management of a MPA and their loss of income owing to lost fishing grounds. We used Algoa Bay, South Africa, as a case study to analyse fisher’s and fish-pro...
Article
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Baseline data for reference conditions are needed to determine the impacts of human pressures on the structure and functioning of marine ecosystems. However, baseline data are seldom available, and a comprehensive understanding of what good ecological condition is or how to measure it is often lacking. In the absence of true baselines, well establi...
Article
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Despite its remoteness, human activity has impacted the deep sea and changes to the structure and function of deep-sea ecosystems are already noticeable. In terrestrial and shallow water marine environments, demonstrating how ecosystems support human well-being has been instrumental in setting policy and management objectives for sustainable resour...
Article
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Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) has become a priority for many states wanting to develop national blue economy plans and meet international obligations in response to the increasing cumulative impacts of human activities and climate change. In areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ), MSP is proposed as part of a package of solutions for multi-secto...
Article
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Information on resource use and trophic dynamics of marine predators is important for understanding their role in ecosystem functioning and predicting population-level responses to environmental change. Where separate populations experience different local environmental conditions, geographic variability in their foraging ecology is often expected....
Article
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Although stakeholder engagement is one of the founding principles of marine spatial planning (MSP), meaningful representation of people and their connections to marine resources within marine governance is still lacking. A broad understanding of how concepts surrounding social capital and capacity is translated into MSP practice is missing. With th...
Article
The foundation of a healthy marine environment is central to the ecosystem-based management approach and is recommended for achieving sustainable development outcomes in marine spatial planning. Algoa Bay, South Africa, features a metropolitan area, protected natural area and hosts a range of uses that are closely interconnected with the health of...
Article
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A revision of figure 3-4 is required, in response to the correspondence from Paris Alidoost Salima (PhD coral researcher: Islamic Azad University) notifying authors that the caption in monograph does not match published plates. Additionally, authors retract Paraconotrochus capensis (Gardiner, 1904) as a synonym of Monohedotrochus capensis comb. nov...
Preprint
Full-text available
With a focus on the ocean, we collaborated across social, ecological and legal disciplines to respond to the United Nations call for transformation in the ‘2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development’ by developing a set of 13 principles for transformative ocean governance. These principles can be used to help chart a course of action that responds to...
Article
To support sustainable growth of ocean-based economies, many countries are engaging in marine spatial planning (MSP) processes, which require robust decision-support tools. Systematic conservation planning (SCP) is commonly used in decision-making to guide spatially efficient protected area expansion. Here we contend that SCP can also be used to st...
Article
Systematic Conservation Planning (SCP) is a spatially explicit process used globally to prioritize conservation actions, but its effectiveness is difficult to quantify. In South Africa, terrestrial SCP processes are mainly used to identify important biodiversity areas outside of formal protected areas that are required to meet conservation targets....
Article
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Recent changes in the South African marine ecosystem and the introduction of an experimental octopus fishery have resulted in an unsustainably high rate of fatal Bryde's whale entanglements. Using suction-cup attached bio-loggers, we identified a previously undescribed feeding behavior used by Bryde's whales to catch prey, and this behavior may mak...
Article
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Recent changes in the South African marine ecosystem and the introduction of an experimental octopus fishery have resulted in an unsustainably high rate of fatal Bryde's whale entanglements. Using suction-cup attached bio-loggers, we identified a previously undescribed feeding behavior used by Bryde's whales to catch prey, and this behavior may mak...
Article
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Aim Climate change will likely lead to a significant redistribution of biodiversity in marine ecosystems. We examine the potential redistribution of a community of marine predators by comparing current and future habitat distribution projections. We examine relative changes among species, indicative of potential future community-level changes and c...
Article
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Globally, South Africa ranks in the top five countries regarding marine species richness per unit area. Given the high diversity, it is not surprising that many invertebrate taxa in the region are poorly characterised. The South African azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Anthozoa) is one such taxonomic group, and was last reviewed by Boshoff in 1980. Al...
Article
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This review provides a broad conceptual overview of different approaches to measuring marine ecosystem condition and guidance for framework development (particularly relevant for developing countries). The objectives were to review definitions of ecosystem condition and identify the core approaches and key challenges within the research area. Furth...
Article
In an increasingly crowded ocean facing global drivers for economic expansion, many fisheries could benefit from spatial management that enhances traditional fisheries management strategies. In order to reduce risks to ocean health and promote social-ecological resilience, a diversity of spatial management instruments is needed to provide rapid res...
Chapter
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Tsitsikamma National Park on the southern coast of South Africa was proclaimed in 1964, making the marine part of the Park Africa's oldest marine protected area. In 2000 the entire marine area was designated as 'no-take' with extractive harvesting of resources prohibited. This conservation measure, which was aimed primarily at providing a refuge fo...
Article
Coasts are among our most valuable natural assets but are under intense pressure from human use and climate change. Despite this, coasts – as a coherent ecological unit – have been poorly included in conservation plans, largely because they are inadequately delineated. There are usually gaps and overlaps at the edges of the separate terrestrial-, e...
Article
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Marine spatial planning (MSP) processes seek to better manage ocean spaces by balancing ecological, social and economic objectives using public and participatory processes. To meet this challenge, MSP approaches and tools have evolved globally, from local to national scales. At two International Marine Conservation Congresses (2016 and 2018), MSP p...
Article
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In 2017, South Africa became the first African country to draft Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) legislation. The underlying legal framework supports the achievement of ecological, social and economic objectives, but a national policy to fast track the oceans economy provides a challenge for ecosystem-based approaches to MSP. During the 2018 Internati...
Preprint
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Target Group: The target group for this policy brief will include policy makers as well as current lead authorities responsible for developing and implementing MSP in their respective countries. This policy brief will inform decision-and policymakers about the who, when and how of the stakeholder engagement process in marine spatial planning (MSP)...
Article
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Globally there is a move to embrace ‘blue economies’ that promote the services the ocean provides to humankind. Ocean services include not only delivery of industries such as fisheries, mining, transport and tourism but also regulation of air quality and moderation of climate change impacts. However, ocean health is at risk owing to escalating anth...
Article
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This study proposes and discusses a multi-scale spatial planning method implemented simultaneously at local and national level to prioritize ecosystem management actions across landscapes and seascapes. Mismatches in scale between the occurrence of biodiversity patterns and ecological processes, and the size and nature of the human footprint, and t...
Article
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Southern Africa occupies a critical position within the southern hemisphere for the study of broadscale global change and the three oceans around South Africa (the Atlantic, Indian and Southern Oceans) play a vital role in determining local and regional climate and weather patterns. Oceans and coasts also provide various resources and services (e.g...
Article
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Marine bioregional planning requires a meaningful classification and spatial delineation of the ocean environment using biological and physical characteristics. The relative inaccessibility of much of the ocean and the paucity of directly measured data spanning entire planning regions mean that surrogate data, such as satellite imagery, are frequen...
Article
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Systematic conservation planning (SCP) to design marine protected areas (MPAs) has traditionally focused on species distributions or benthic habitat features that drive the determination of conservation priorities. Pelagic ecosystem protection is usually incidental because these ecosystems are often data-poor and are difficult to visualize in a pla...
Article
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Human-wildlife conflicts are commonly addressed by excluding, relocating, or lethally controlling animals with the goal of preserving public health and safety, protecting property, or conserving other valued wildlife. However, declining wildlife populations, a lack of efficacy of control methods in achieving desired outcomes, and changes in how peo...
Article
Systematic conservation planning methods to design marine protected area (MPA) networks can provide more meaningful results by addressing the spatiotemporal variability of biota, and by using these data to inform target assignment. This study used Marxan software to design candidate MPA networks to meet conservation targets for 67 coastal fish spec...
Article
A roving creel survey of the recreational shore fishery along the 16.4-km coastline in the Goukamma Marine Protected Area on the south coast of South Africa was conducted from 2009 to 2011. Some 838 patrols were stratified equally among months, areas and years, but intentionally biased towards weekends. Angler densities at Buffalo Bay and Groenvlei...
Article
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Research is a key resource in a knowledge economy and governance system. In order to enable research to benefit the nation and to contribute to growing the knowledge-based economy (the aims of the Global Change Grand Challenge, and specifically the Society and Sustainability Research Programme), the gap between research, knowledge production and po...
Article
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Marine protected area (MPA) designs are likely to require iterative refinement as new knowledge is gained. In particular, there is an increasing need to consider the effects of climate change, especially the ability of ecosystems to resist and/or recover from climate-related disturbances, within the MPA planning process. However, there has been lim...
Data
Rationale for developing resilience conservation objectives. (DOCX)
Data
Opportunity cost values for different human activities within Ningaloo Marine Park. (DOCX)
Data
Habitat classes of shallow and deep water benthic biodiversity datasets. (DOCX)
Data
A) Datasets derived from single beam bathymetry that were used as environmental variables for modelling biota, substrate and fish abundance/richness, B) Model accuracy statistic AUC statistic for biotic and abiotic substrate predicted from the presence/absence models (blind validation n = 19872 data points). (DOCX)
Article
Full-text available
Aim Predicting extinctions before they are realized has proven difficult, yet is increasingly important for biodiversity conservation as habitat destruction continues unabated around the world. We evaluated whether habitat suitability models can be used in conjunction with species–area relationships ( SAR ) to detect apparent extinction debts as im...
Article
The Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem off southwest Africa is a regionally valued system because of its biological productivity, which supports high biomass throughout the foodweb, and a rich diversity of habitats and species. However, the region is exposed to numerous anthropogenic pressures that are likely to escalate under future economic...
Technical Report
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The CCAMLR MPA Workshop on Marine Protected Areas, held in Brest (France) in August 2011, recommended that the Scientific Committee considers supporting three technical workshops including one specific to Planning Domain 5. Planning Domain 5 includes Marion and Prince Edward Islands, the Del Cano Rise and the Crozet Archipelago in the north. It als...
Technical Report
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This report provides a summary of the updated products of the KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) Coastal and Marine Biodiversity Plan previously referred to as the SeaPLAN project, and aims to 1) provide a systematic framework for assessment of the status of biodiversity protection in the province of KZN, and 2) enable planning for marine biodiversity protection...
Article
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Incremental increases to marine conservation areas in response to changing goals, policy, threats or new information are common practice worldwide. Ningaloo Reef, in north-western Australia, is protected by the Ningaloo Marine Park (state waters), which was expanded incrementally in 2004 so that 34% of the park now comprises ‘no-take’ sanctuary zon...
Article
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Pelagic ecosystems support a significant and vital component of the ocean's productivity and biodiversity. They are also heavily exploited and, as a result, are the focus of numerous spatial planning initiatives. Over the past decade, there has been increasing enthusiasm for protected areas as a tool for pelagic conservation, however, few have been...
Data
The marine and coastal component of the National Biodiversity Assessment 2011 is an assessment of the state of biodiversity and ecosystems in South Africa’s marine and coastal environment. This report represents a milestone for marine biodiversity in South Africa. Major new contributions include the first national marine and coastal habitat classif...
Article
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"Designing broad-scale conservation corridors has become increasingly common as a way of conducting an assessment for achieving targets for the representation and persistence of nature. However, since many of these corridors must traverse agricultural and other production landscapes, planning and implementation are not trivial tasks. Most approache...