Amalya Oliver

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• PhD
• Full Professor at Hebrew University of Jerusalem

This paper investigates the impact of ethnicity within founding teams of high-tech ventures and asks whether such diversity confers advantages or disadvantages. Drawing on theories of human and social capital, we aim to illuminate the potential benefits of ethnic diversity in founding teams, with a particular focus on the roles played by ethnic and...

This paper follows the reaction of the radiology profession to artificial intelligence (AI). We examine the effort of radiology as a powerful medical specialty to maintain its professional jurisdiction while allowing AI's disruption. We study the discursive work of radiologists as evident in their academic publications. Our results suggest that rad...

This study applies a social transformation perspective and aims to provide a conceptual framework for different innovation-driven communities and platforms designed to answer complex problems. Based on the SDG goal # 17 (The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals) on the importance of creating partnership, we examine the structures, strategie...

Purpose This study examines the social and human capital of successful Arab and Jewish technological entrepreneurs in Israel, and explores how human and social capital differ between technology-based industries. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative study was conducted using a sample of 1,184 technology-based ventures from two technology-base...

University–industry (UI) consortia are gaining prominence as new organizational platforms that facilitate innovative learning, translation of basic research into applied R&D, and the formation of collaborations. Research has highlighted the benefits of collaborative knowledge-creation within consortia, yet little attention was given for a holistic...

In this comment to Noordegraaf’s ‘Protective or connective professionalism? How connected professionals can (still) act as autonomous and authoritative experts’, we argue that Noordegraaf has contributed significant insights into the development of contemporary professionalism. However, we argue for a less binary and more complex view of forms of p...

Valuable knowledge exchanged in networks is associated not only with benefits but also with tensions and costs. This paper offers a new structural approach to knowledge exchange relations within consortia through integrating Information Search Model (ISM, Borgatti & Cross, 2003) with social network theory. This integration explains explain how orga...

Successful university–industry collaborations require high levels of trust among participants, yet achieving this goal is complex. In this study, we provide a fine-grained qualitative analysis of thirty interviews from four collaborative, government-funded case studies over a 2-year period to analyze how trust can facilitate and/or impede project o...

A review of the organizational literature on field-level institutional processes and the literature on interorganizational networks shows very limited cross-references. Thus, studies on institutional processes do not benefit from the potential contribution of process-related network research. In this chapter, Oliver reviews studies of field-level i...

Time, as a constraining resource, is an important factor in organizational creativity processes. Yet we know little about its role in influencing the creative‐innovative process. This paper uses a case study to integrate three process‐oriented theories concerning the importance of process mid‐points and breakthrough as time resources dissipate. The...

ABOUT In Fraud and Misconduct in Research, Nachman Ben-Yehuda and Amalya Oliver-Lumerman introduce the main characteristics of research misconduct, portray how the characteristics are distributed, and identify the elements of the organizational context and the practice of scientific research which enable or deter misconduct. Of the nearly 750 known...

This paper investigates a conflict that erupted during the years 2003–2005 between faculty and management at an Israeli research university, over the introduction of new intellectual property rights (IPR) regulations. The introduction of new IPR regulations triggered contention and resistance among faculty members and raised debates over questions...

This paper addresses the growing problem of retractions in the scientific literature of publications that contain bad data (i.e., fabricated, falsified, or containing error), also called “false science.” While the problem is particularly acute in the biomedical literature because of the life-threatening implications when treatment recommendations a...

This paper examines how the Weizmann Institute of Science has been telling the story of the successful commercialization of a scientific invention, through its corporate communication channels, from the early 1970s to today. The paper aims to shed light on the transformation processes by which intellectual-property-based commercialization activitie...

ABSRACT In view of the continuing profusion and proliferation of concepts and perspectives in social science research and social practice, there exists a need for methods that can help us to organize and relate the great variety of analytical and practical approaches that populate the various areas of social enquiry. The paper argues that facet the...

This paper addresses the growing problem of retractions in the scientific literature of papers with “bad data” that occur either because of fraudulent research practices or because of error. The problem is particularly acute in the biomedical literature because of the serious, even life-threatening, implications when scientists, policymakers, pract...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the organizational and technological processes and strategic choices that led to the successful digitization project of the Albert Einstein Archives. Design/methodology/approach – This is a case study of the major challenges that were associated with the project. These include: the integration of t...

We examine the link between the growing emphasis on corporate social responsibility at the organizational level and beliefs about social responsibility at work (SRW) expressed by individuals. Drawing from theories of professionalism and diffusion of innovations (including practices and beliefs), we advance hypotheses about beliefs of managers and n...

Theoretical approaches in studies on professionals are implicitly based on an assumption of homogeneity of attitudes among professionals. However, this assumption has never been validated. This paper examines whether professionals worldwide have relatively homogenous attitudes towards work as compared to non-professionals, and compares two competin...

Reports an error in "Teachers’ stressors and strains: A longitudinal study of their relationships" by Arie Shirom, Amalya Oliver and Esther Stein (International Journal of Stress Management, 2009[Nov], Vol 16[4], 312-332). In the article, the two co-authors’ affiliations were incorrectly listed. The co-authors’ correct affiliations are as follows:...

The authors tested the hypothesized unidirectional or bidirectional effects of 5 types of teachers’ work-related stressors on each of the 4 types of psychological strain: somatic complaints, burnout, and intrinsic and extrinsic job dissatisfaction. The authors used structural regression analyses to analyze the responses of a representative sample o...

Scientists in the biotechnology sector have developed a vast array of products and procedures, including drugs, diagnostics, agricultural products and veterinary procedures. This is made possible through various intra-and inter-organizational collaborations between the academic and private sectors, and through the establishment of networks for lear...

We analyze the activities and actors involved in articulating and diffusing guidelines for ethical scientific conduct from 1975 to the present. We use a theoretical framework of institutional change at the organizational-field level to examine the co-evolution of the structure of the organizational field of 'scientific research' and its institution...

We explore the usefulness of network analytical techniques to reveal the structure of shared cognitions among participants at a field-configuring event. Using transcripts from a professional conference at a pivotal moment in the emergence of the Jewish lawyers group in pre-state Israel, we analyse the relationships of actors and topics raised at th...

Understanding boundary-spanning activities such as interorganizational alliances and professional/organizational integration requires clarity about what boundaries are being spanned and how they were constructed. We approach this goal by drawing on social identity theory and institutional theory to develop a process model, whereby inward- and outwa...

Recent research has suggested that the characteristics of paid work affect trade-offs between women's activities in the family and employment spheres. One argument suggests that public sector employment, more so than private sector employment, provides conditions that are amenable to the combination of paid work and family. In this article, the aut...

This paper examines new dimensions of professional-organizational relations through the concept of trust. It develops the argument that trust exists among similar professionals because of many common denominators that lubricate their intra- and in-terorganizational collaborations. Therefore, professionals have the ability to conduct efficient trans...

Attention to the boundaries of an organization or profession is an essential precursor to facilitating boundary-spanning activities. We follow a four-stage process model of constructing boundaries to delimit a profession’s membership and domain prior to its recognition as an institutionalized entity. A set of networking activities forms the basis o...

This paper focuses on organizational innovation within knowledge-intensive firms, exemplified by the biotechnology industry, and pinpoints the interorganizational network as an important mechanism facilitating innovation and the growth of organizational knowledge in such firms. It is argued that a complex structural and process investigation of dif...

Inter-institutional scientific collaborations in biotechnology are now known to be the vehicle that drives the industry forward. Since networks of collaborations become crucial for biotechnology research, academic and industrial scientists act as entrepreneurs by expressing dedication to the potential commercial value of their intellectual capital....

The current intellectual property policy for inventions made within the sphere of public science is to patent and to license them on an exclusive basis. But for certain inventions --notably, those that are highly extensible --such a policy may not be either necessary for commercialization to take place, or desirable from a social welfare point of v...

In this article, we argue that trust is a system-related concept and that it is a continuously evolving state of information gathering, processing, and feedback. Based on this argument, we demonstrate the usefulness of the conceptual framework of cybernetics to an understanding of the dynamics of developing and sustaining trust. We begin with some...

Strategic alliances in the biotechnology industry are used as an inter-organizational learning device, in addition to their ability to provide financial resources, vertical and horizontal integration facilities, and legitimacy to dedicated biotechnology firms (DBFs). However, despite the advantages associated with strategic alliances, the literatur...

Using a case study of a new biotechnology firm, we examine the formation of a new organizational form as a hybrid emerging from two `parent' organizational forms. We focus on key internal labor processes that are selected from existing organizations and replicated in the hybrid form and argue that this inheritance process strengthens the likelihood...

Given the recent accumulation of research on inter-organizational relations and networks and the current fragmentation of the field, it is time to take stock and explore the achievements of, and future challenges for, this field of study. On the basis of a network analysis of the 158 articles on inter-organizational relations and networks that were...

In the current turbulent business environment, there is a premium on trust. It has become a much desired resource in business organizations, but at the same time it has remained a very elusive idea. How to build and preserve trust, how to cope with opportunism and distrust, and how they affect organizational performance are crucial problems. This o...

All measures of centrality in graphs seem to be correlated with degree, the sheer number of connections of a position. There are occasions in which one wants a measure that is not necessarily related to degree but whose relationship to degree is an empirical finding. Existing corrections, which force a lack of correlation, or which have no statisti...

In this paper we examine responses to multiple and ambiguous pressures generated by the environmental threat of AIDS. Using an institutional theory framework and insights from professional dominance theory, we develop a two-dimensional typology, incorporating the belief systems of important constituents and the degree of institutional rules, to exp...

The study tests a path model for the effects on organizational influence of an organization's centrality in four resource exchange networks in order to gain insight into the network relations that may affect coordination and effectiveness of outpatient health and mental health service systems. Primary data are used from face-to-face interviews with...

The paper highlights the potential of network analysis as a diagnostic and analytic tool, and illustrates the application of several methods on an hypothetical organizational structure. • Mathematical analysis of social networks is an emerging tool used by social scientists in various areas. • The applications of network methods to the study of org...

We examine how two highly successful new biotechnology firms (NBFs) source their most critical input -- scientific knowledge. We find that scientists at the two NBFs enter into large numbers of collaborative research efforts with scientists at other organizations, especially universities. Formal market contracts are rarely used to govern these exch...

This paper examines the organizational arrangements used by New Biotechnology Firms (NBFs) to source scientific knowledge. Using data from two highly successful NBFs, the paper shows that both firms relied principally on hierarchies and networks to source scientific knowledge; market arrangements were insignificant. Most interesting, each firm had...

Resource dependence and transaction cost theories focus on organizations as mitigating their dependence on the task environment through various strategies. However, these theories have contradicting predictions as to the conditions under which network alliances are formed. New Biotechnology Firms (NBFs) provide an example of knowledge-organizations...

Governments and national political institutions can have a significant impact on the rate of technological innovation. As argued recently by Spencer, Murtha and Lenway (2005), that governments in developed, capitalist economies can help, hinder, or avoid doing harm to firms engaged in new industry creation. In their argument they link countries' po...