Amalio Santacruz

Colegio de Postgraduados | CP · Department of Genetics

En el Campo Experimental Zacatepec del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP) durante el ciclo agrícola primavera-verano 2021 se evaluaron 112 accesiones representativas del germoplasma de arroz de México, entre las cuales podemos citar, cinco líneas tolerantes a sequía generadas por el IRRI (Instituto Inte...

El valor fenotípico de una planta está determinado por la medición de las características observables de esta y se expresa como promedio o media fenotípica. A esto hay que añadir efectos aleatorios de medición (error) y en ocasiones efectos no explicables. El modelo fenotípico incluye el patrimonio genético del individuo, proveniente de sus progeni...

El Banco Nacional de Germoplasma de Arroz (BNGA) alberga 2,940 accesiones, proporcionando, desde su creación un total de 2,525 accesiones a los programas de mejoramiento genético del INIFAP, así como a otras instituciones de investigación y/o enseñanza en México. El BNGA colabora a través de acuerdos de intercambio y distribución de germoplasma con...

The current popcorn production in Mexico is insufficient to meet the demand for this grain, since there are no genotypes suitable for production within the country. The native popcorn varieties do not meet market standards; therefore, it is necessary to carry out genetic improvement on yield and popping expansion. The objective of this study was to...

La divergencia genética de los progenitores de un híbrido juega un papel importante en la expresión de la heterosis de su progenie. El objetivo de este estudio fue predecir las combinaciones híbridas mediante marcadores moleculares de tipo microsátelite de mayor comportamiento heterótico con base en la divergencia entre pares de líneas. Se genotipa...

Jackfruit, primarily cultivated in Nayarit, Mexico, has four notable genotypes: “Agüitada”, “Rumina”, “Licenciada”, and “Karlita”, which require thorough characterization. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive characterization of these genotypes through an integration of morphological, physiological, physicochemical, phytochemical, and DNA fi...

El éxito de un programa de mejoramiento genético por hibridación depende de la correcta selección de sus progenitores y el uso eficiente de los métodos genotécnicos. El objetivo fue evaluar la eficiencia de los marcadores moleculares en comparación a dos métodos tradicionales de mejoramiento genético. Se evaluaron 63 híbridos simples de maíz deriva...

El acceso a semillas para siembra es indispensable para agricultores de maíz. Con el objetivo de analizar el uso del insumo semilla de maíz en una región temporalera de valles altos, en los estados de Puebla y Tlaxcala, se describe el acceso e intercambio de semilla de maíz en tres subregiones (centro, oriente y poniente), con base en la diversidad...

Seventy-three maize populations were characterized to estimate the genetic distribution and structure of 8 maize races from the state of Chiapas, in addition to a population of the Balsas race of teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Iltis & Doebley). A total of 31 microsatellite loci were evaluated in 25 individuals from each population, estimating...

Ancho (width) chile peppers have economic, social, culinary and cultural importance in Mexico and worldwide. This chile type considers divergent subtypes that altogether have not been analysed and therefore their morphological diversity has not been systematically described. The objectives were to describe the morphological diversity of ancho peppe...

The objective of this work was to evaluate the photosynthetic response of citrus varieties to the inoculation of isolates T30 and T3 of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) characterized as having potential to provide cross-protection against severe CTV isolates in citrus. Citrus plants of 'Campbell' orange, 'Persian' lime, and 'Key' lime were subjected to...

A pesar de que el sistema de producción del chile ‘Poblano’ en Puebla no ha sido descrito, se ha reportado que sus rendimientos son bajos; sin embargo, sus causas no se han documentado. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir y analizar el sistema de producción de chile ‘Poblano’ y formular una propuesta de estratificación de agricultores de dich...

La estimación de los parámetros genéticos permite determinar las metodologías del mejoramiento genético a utilizar para el mejor aprovechamiento del germoplasma. Se evaluaron agronómicamente 32 poblaciones de maíz de grano amarillo de origen diverso, posteriormente se seleccionaron las ocho con mejor comportamiento y diversidad contrastante, las cu...

The most important commercial feature in popcorn (Zea mays L.) is the expansion of the starch contained in the endosperm; however, little has been studied about the underlying genetic basis of this quantitative trait, for which the development of segregating populations is required. The first step is the selection of the most appropriate contrastin...

p> Background. The husk tomato ( Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Horm.) is an obligated allogam species with gametophyte auto-incompatibility, which impedes the generation of endogamic lines by auto-fecundation to obtain hybrids. Objective. To evaluate the effect of six doses of ⁶⁰Co gamma rays (from 0 to 300 Gy) applied to seeds, over seedli...

The most important commercial feature in popcorn (Zea mays L.) is the expansion of the starch contained in the endosperm; however, little has been studied about the underlying genetic basis of this quantitative trait, for which the development of segregating populations is required. The first step is the selection of the most appropriate contrastin...

The production of super sweet ear in Mexico focuses on the use of commercial hybrids, since there are no native races with this characteristic, for this reason the following research was proposed with the objectives: a) introduce a sweetness gene in native ear corn populations; and b) determine its effect on agronomic characteristics, quality and c...

En el proceso de fertilización genética del maíz (Zea mays L.), el polen ejerce un efecto directo e inmediato sobre las propiedades de la cariópside conocido como Xenia. Esta situación reviste gran importancia en maíz palomero, pues la capacidad de reventado depende de las características del endospermo, por lo que es necesario estudiar la magnitud...

In Mexico, maize (Zea mays L.) is grown under rainfed conditions within immensurable number of variable environments that limit production. To cope with these adversities, genotypes of different genetic constitution have been generated, such as intervarietal crosses; however, knowledge of the yield potential of those crosses in variable environment...

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is a climacteric fruit native to India which, due to its edaphoclimatic adaptability, is also found in Mexico, the main exporter of the fruit in Latin America. Despite this, information on the characterization of jackfruit genotypes in Mexico is limited; therefore, the objective of this study was to carry o...

La mutagénesis inducida es una técnica para crear variabilidad genética de manera rápida, directa y fácil en plantas de propagación vegetativa. A través de un agente mutagénico se provocan cambios en una o varias características morfológicas y fisiológicas que se transmiten a su progenie. En México no existe información sobre mutagénesis inducida e...

Objective: The objective of this study was to morphologically characterize mamey in 10 municipalities of the Sierra Nororiental of Puebla (Totonacapan Poblano), Mexico. Design/methodology/approach: In the study, 206 accessions obtained from simple random sampling using qualitative and quantitative morphological descriptors were evaluated, using...

Los granos de maíz de alta calidad proteica (QPM) contienen el doble de lisina y triptófano en comparación con los granos de maíz normales. Aunque la mutación opaco-2 (o2) es la causa subyacente de este cambio beneficioso, otros genes como la aspartato quinasa-2 (Ask2) afectan en menor grado el contenido de aminoácidos en el endospermo. Hasta el mo...

Los centros de origen y diversidad genética del maíz se encuentran localizados en México, en el estado de Chiapas se ubica una de las áreas con mayor diversidad y gran arraigo social hacia este cultivo. Se han realizado diversos estudios previos de dicha diversidad, los cuales han tenido la limitante de que incluyen un número reducido de poblacione...

p>Zinc supplementation in rabbit diet favours deposition of this mineral in meat and, therefore, contributes to satisfying the daily requirements of Zn in humans that consume it. A trial was conducted to study the effect of two sources (ZnSO₄ and Zn-methionate) and two concentrations of Zn, along with a control (without Zn supplementatio...

La caracterización morfológica es un proceso de gran importancia para incorporar germoplasma de valor en los programas de introducción de maíz (Zea mays L.) con fines de mejoramiento genético. El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar un grupo de 90 accesiones de 12 razas de maíz nativo de México: Bofo, Celaya, Coscomatepec, Elotes Occident...

Objective: To analyze the race diversity and geographic distribution of the native maize landraces currently cropped at southern Nuevo León, México. Design/Methodology/Approach: Data was obtained from 41 accessions which represent the commercial production in the dry land area, where fertilization and pest control are scarcely used. Landraces were...

Las poblaciones de gallinas criollas en explotaciones en pequeña escala poseen una gran diversidad y son parte del reservorio genético avícola en México; además, constituyen una importante fuente de proteína para las familias del medio rural. Con el propósito de conocer la variabilidad genética de poblaciones de gallinas criollas en la región centr...

Drought is the main limiting factor for maize production, and climate change can aggravate this water scarcity. One way to mitigate this problem is to plant drought tolerance maize genotypes. In landrace maize grown under rainfed conditions there are drought-adapted genotypes, which can be used in breeding programs for drought tolerance. The object...

Physalis peruviana L. es originaria de los Andes y su fruto se consume fresco por su contenido de vitaminas y propiedades medicinales. El crecimiento de las plantas de esta especie es heterogéneo, pues tiene mejoramiento genético limitado porque es una especie silvestre. Los mutágenos físicos y químicos aplicados a semillas u órganos para propagaci...

Se ha planteado que la raza de maíz Palomero Toluqueño contribuyó en el origen de otras razas y pese a tener capacidad de reventar no se ha potenciado dicha cualidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el rendimiento y la capacidad de expansión de accesiones de esta raza resguardadas en bancos de germoplasma. Se evaluaron 47 accesiones de...

Popcorn is the most ancient type of cultivated maize. However, little research has examined the genetic basis of popping-related traits based on genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technology. Here, we characterized the phenotypic variation for seven popping-related traits in the kernel among 526 CIMMYT inbred lines (CMLs). In total, 155,083 high-qualit...

El gen Lr67, localizado en el cromosoma 4D, confiere resistencia a la roya de la hoja causada por Puccinia triticina E. Este gen fue común en las variedades de trigo (Triticum spp.) de porte alto liberadas en México hasta antes de 1960, no así en las variedades semienanas liberadas desde esa fecha hasta el presente. Las variedades semienanas de tri...

Gene Lr67, located on chromosome 4D, confers resistance to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina E. This gene was common in tall wheat (Triticum spp.) varieties released in Mexico before 1960, but not in semi-dwarf varieties released from that date to the present. Semi-dwarf wheat varieties released in Mexico carry either the Rht-B1 dwarfing gene...

There is an increasing interest in the development of uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.) cultivars adapted to greenhouse farming. Sexual behavior makes it difficult to obtain uniform commercial uchuva cultivars by conventional breeding methods. Mutations induced by gamma rays is an alternative approach. M1 plants derived from 14 irradiation 60Co doses,...

Characterizing the genetic diversity of maize (Zea mays L.) populations by their morphological and molecular attributes makes it possible to place populations into specific groups; thus, facilitating the design of procedures for their optimum and sustainable use. In this study, data from two lines of evidence were analyzed simultaneously to robustl...

Guajillo (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the five more important chile types used as food in Mexico and the most important to local economy in Zacatecas, whose production is supplied mainly by native populations. In spite of this, not much is known about the morphological diversity of Guajillo landraces of Zacatecas. Here, we describe and quantify t...

The predominant criteria for defining and identifying races of the genetic complex of Zea mays L. are based on morphological and agronomic attributes along with geographic distribution. In some occasions these present inconsistencies with respect to the authentic genetic identity of the populations. The molecular methods can reveal in detail the id...

Morphological variability of native maize (Zea mays L.) of the west highland of Puebla and east highland of Tlaxcala, Mexico

In a breeding program for strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) it is important to have a methodology to evaluate the genetic integrity of the plant in all the stages of increase, from different criteria, such as morphological, physiological and molecular; for this purpose one of the most appropriate tools are the Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR`s) molecul...

The diversity of maize (Zea mays L.) in Mexico is wide and there is still a need to carry out works that allow to discern the variation within and between racial groups and establish collections of racial reference for their understanding. The morphological diversity of representative populations of 10 mexican maize races was assessed. In the sprin...

Resumen En la región de Valles Centrales de Oaxaca, localizada al sur de México, el sistema de producción familiar de aves criollas ad-quiere gran importancia por la generación de ingresos complementarios y la mejora de la alimentación de las familias rurales, además de la conservación de genotipos avícolas adaptados al sistema de producción y ambi...

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In the region of the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, located in southern Mexico, the family production system of indigenous birds acquires great importance as a result of generating complementary income and improving the diet of rural families, in addition to the conservation of bird genotypes adapted to the production system and ecological environment...

México es centro de origen del maíz y por lo tanto, tiene la vital importancia de conservar el germoplasma y mantener la diversidad genética de este cultivo ante cualquier presencia de plagas y enfermedades o de otro tipo de fenómenos naturales que acaban con las variedades dominantes que suelen sembrarse en otros países. En México se siembra una g...

The objective of this work was to evaluate the genetic diversity of nine maize races (Zea mays ssp. mays) from Northwestern Mexico and one population of teosinte of the Balsas race (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis). A total of 649 alleles were identified, with an average of 20.9 alleles per locus using 31 microsatellite loci; 84.3% of them were polymorph...

La diversidad genética existente en los diferentes tipos de chile en México ha sido poco estudiada. El chile Poblano (Capsicum annuum L.) tiene gran importancia culinaria por ser ingrediente de platillos tradicionales de Puebla; además, constituye una fuente de ingresos para las familias rurales de la región de la Sierra Nevada de Puebla; sin embar...

La inducción de mutaciones es una alternativa para generar variabilidad genética en la naturaleza, o para incrementar la variabilidad genética en una población y obtener genotipos que pueden emplearse como progenitores en programas de fitomejoramiento. La uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.) es una Solanacea cuyo fruto es una baya de sabor agridulce; cuy...

Mutation induction is an alternative to induce natural genetic variability, increase the genetic variability in a population, and obtain parental genotypes in breeding programs. Uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.), known as golden berry, is a Solanaceae fruit that produces a bittersweet berry, and its seeds germinate slowly. This study evaluated the eff...

Published protocols for chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA enrichment are based on large samples (more than 5 g) which imply high costs and plenty of sample material. Reduction of tissue sample and reagent quantities is possible and convenient. This work describes an efficient miniprep for chloroplast and mitochondria DNA enrichment and extraction f...

Published protocols for chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA enrichment are based on large samples (more than 5 g) which imply high costs and plenty of sample material. Reduction of tissue sample and reagent quantities is possible and convenient. This work describes an efficient miniprep for chloroplast and mitochondria DNA enrichment and extraction f...

In vitro propagation of guava (Psidium guajava L.) shoots by direct organogenesis is an alternative to quickly obtain productive plants. This work optimized a protocol for in vitro regeneration from apexes and nodal segments of five different guava genotypes with high commercial potential Paluma 12 (PM12), Paluma 6 (PM6), 17-06, Roja Exterior Redon...

The genetic diversity in different types of pepper in Mexico has been little studied. The poblano pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) has great culinary importance as an ingredient in traditional dishes from Puebla; also constitutes a source of income for rural families in the region of the Sierra Nevada de Puebla; however, there is no study to determine t...

‘Ancho’ type chilis (Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum) are an important ingredient in the traditional cuisine of Mexico and so are in high demand. It includes six native sub-types with morphological and fruit color differences. However, the genetic diversity of the set of these subtypes has not been determined. The objective of this study was to char...

While prevailing theories of crop evolution suggest that crop diversity and cultural diversity should be linked, empirical evidence for such a link remains inconclusive. In particular, few studies have investigated such patterns on a local scale. Here, we address this issue by examining the determinants of maize diversity in a local region of high...

RESUMEN La propagación in vitro mediante organogénesis directa de brotes de guayabo (Psidium guajava L.) constituye una alternativa para la rápida obtención de plantas productivas. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo optimizar un protocolo de regeneración in vitro a partir de ápices y segmentos nodales de cinco genotipos de guayabo con alto pote...

While prevailing theories of crop evolution suggest that crop diversity and cultural diversity should be linked, empirical evidence for such a link remains inconclusive. In particular, few studies have investigated such patterns on a local scale. Here, we address this issue by examining the determinants of maize diversity in a local region of high...