Amalia Agut

University of Murcia | UM · Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery

The serratus plane block is an ultrasound-guided anaesthetic technique that aims to provide analgesia to the lateral thoracic wall cranial to the 8th rib. This block can be performed in a superficial (between the latissimus dorsi and the serratus ventralis thoracis (SVT) muscles) or deep plane (between the intercostales externi and the SVT muscles)...

Simple Summary The rectus sheath block is an ultrasound-guided locoregional anaesthetic technique which aims to provide analgesia to the midline of the abdomen. Previous studies in dog cadavers have shown that the injection of methylene blue within the rectus sheath stained the rami ventrales from T10 to L1, potentially providing anaesthesia to the...

A 12‐year‐old, entire, male shar‐pei was presented with a 1‐month history of depression, lumbar pain and progressive hindlimb weakness. In addition, the owners had noticed a mass in the right inguinal region. Computed tomography showed a contrast‐enhanced soft tissue mass located at the right paraspinal musculature, affecting the vertebral body of...

An entire, Pomeranian, female dog was presented to the emergency unit with anorexia, fever, abdominal pain, jaundice and an inguinal hernia. The patient had been bitten by a dog 2 weeks earlier and was on antibiotics and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug without improvement. Ultrasonographic exam showed peritoneal effusion and hepatic cystic les...

Simple Summary The quadratus lumborum (QL) block is an ultrasound-guided locoregional anesthetic technique which aims to provide analgesia to the abdomen. Previous studies in dog cadavers have shown that a dorsal injection point, between the psoas minor muscle and the vertebral body of L1, is able to stain the truncus sympathicus and the T13–L3 ram...

A 3‐year‐old, neutered, female, mix‐breed dog was presented with a history of acute haemorrhagic vomiting, diarrhoea, anorexia and lethargy. The patient had a hyperkinetic pulse, pale mucous membranes, bilateral hyphema and the capillary refill time was increased. Coagulation testing showed increased values. Abdominal ultrasound revealed diffuse th...

The QL block is a high-level locoregional anesthesia technique, which aims to provide analgesia to the abdomen. Several approaches of the QL block have been studied to find out which one allows a greater distribution of the injectate. The aim of this study is to compare the traditional interfascial QL block (IQL) with a new latero-ventral approach...

There is sparse published information on computed tomographic (CT) characteristics of canine gastrointestinal tumors. The purposes of this multi‐center, retrospective, descriptive study were to describe the CT features of histologically‐confirmed canine gastrointestinal spindle cell, epithelial, and round cell tumors and, when available, describe t...

Ultrasonographic assessment of the renal size can provide useful clinical information, in combination with other ultrasonographic parameters. The aims of this study were to establish the agreement between the ultrasonographic and radiographic measurements of the kidneys (K) and vertebral bodies (L5 and L6), to establish an ultrasonographic measurem...

The quadratus lumborum (QL) block targets the fascial plane surrounding the QL muscle providing abdominal somatic and visceral analgesia. The extension of its analgesic effects is a subject of research, as it could not cover areas of the cranial abdomen in dogs. This study assesses in eight thawed canine cadavers, the distribution of high-volume in...

A 4‐year‐old, entire female Siberian husky was presented with a history of urinary incontinence from puppy and intermittent haematuria. A diagnosis of bilateral ectopic ureteroceles, calculus in the left ureterocele and bilateral pyelectasia was made by ultrasonography and CT excretory urography. The ureters were visualized communicating with opaci...

A thirteen‐year‐old female intact mixed dog was presented to the emergency service with a history of vomiting and apathy. The bitch was under treatment of prednisone for chronic cough. The patient was depressed and showed abdominal pain. Abdominal radiographs revealed an increased liver size, a rounded structure of gas opacity located within the li...

A six‐years‐old neutered male Labrador Retriever was presented with haematuria and inappetence of one‐week duration. Physical examination revealed mild abdominal pain and the blood cell count showed moderate polycythaemia, with a slight increase of the erythropoietin levels. Urinalysis demonstrated proteinuria, haematuria and isosthenuria and urina...

A 4‐year‐old neutered domestic cat was presented with a history of vomiting, anorexia, lethargy and severe abdominal distension. The cat was hypothermic and hypotensive. It had received a week course of meloxicam. Abdominal radiographies revealed the presence of a very large volume of peritoneal gas associated loss in peritoneal serosal detail and...

A 17-year-old female Siamese cat was referred for a history of progressive dyspnoea, depression and anorexia. The cat was tachypnoeic, dyspnoeic and the thoracic auscultation revealed muffled cardiac and respiratory sounds. Radiographs of the thorax demonstrated pleural effusion and a well-circumscribed soft tissue mass in the caudodorsal aspect of...

The purpose of this study is to establish renal resistive index (RRI) of normal kidneys in puppies aged from newborn to 20 weeks of age and to determine the age at which RRI reaches adult dog values. Six healthy adult intact beagles and six puppies from 1 day after birth to 20 weeks of age were used. In the adult dogs, the ultrasonographic scans we...

Granulosa cell tumour is a common ovarian pathology in bitches. Depending on its hormonal production, this tumour often induces persistent oestrus signs and uterine disorders. Chronic treatment with progesterone contraceptives has been associated with endometrial mineralisation in bitches. The authors describe the case of a three-year-old female en...

Background: Ultrasound (US)-guided techniques for peripheral nerve blockade have revealed that intraneural injections are relatively frequent and not necessarily associated with neurological deficits. Objectives: To evaluate the short-term effects of deliberate injections performed under direct vision in two different sites of the sciatic nerve (Sc...

A 3-month-old, 18 kg, female St Bernard breed dog was presented with recurrent left forelimb lameness and painful swelling of the antebrachium. A large expansile lytic lesion within the left ulna was observed on radiographs. Ultrasound examination revealed a cyst-like structure. Sanguineous fluid was obtained in association with ultrasound guidance...

Background Adrenal size has been used as the principal criterion for differentiating a normal gland from adrenal hyperplasia. The objectives of this study were to establish an ultrasonographic measurement of adrenal gland-to-aorta (adrenal/Ao) ratio to estimate the adrenal size and to assess the effects of bodyweight, age and sex on the adrenal/Ao...

Acude a consulta un cachorro de 7 meses, macho, mestizo que presentaba episodios de vómitos, anorexia y apatía desde hacía 24 horas. El examen físico fue normal y no se observaron alteraciones relevantes en las analíticas sanguí-neas. Se realizaron radiografías lateral derecha (Fig. 1A), izquierda (Fig. 1B) y ventrodorsal (Fig. 1C) de la cavidad ab...

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las hemorragias del timo son una patología atípica que se puede presentar secundariamente a diversas causas como traumatismos, rotura de quistes tímicos, coagulopatía, neoplasia e idiopática (Vangrinsven et al, 2017). En este caso clínico se describe un caso de hemorragia tímica en un cachorro secundaria a una intoxicación con un anti...

Case summary A 14-year-old female neutered Persian-cross cat was presented with a 1 week history of anorexia and lethargy. On physical examination, marked tachypnoea and dyspnoea were evident. Radiographs of the thorax revealed a globoid-shaped cardiac silhouette with heterogeneous opacity consistent with a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia...

Objective: To study the effect of alternating the order of midazolam and alfaxalone administration on the incidence of behavioural changes, alfaxalone induction dose and some cardiorespiratory variables in healthy dogs. Study design: Prospective, randomized, controlled, clinical trial. Animals: A total of 33 client-owned dogs undergoing electi...

The relationship between histological and ultrasonographic thickness of the intestinal wall and its layers in cats is unknown so far. The aims of this study were to establish the relationship between ultrasonographic measurements in the transverse and longitudinal planes of the small intestine and to establish the agreement between ultrasonographic...

A two-year-old, 37 kg intact mixed-breed dog was presented with lameness of the left pelvic limb after being hit by a car three days ago. The physical examination revealed tachypnoea with an abdominal restrictive respiratory pattern. Based on history of the patient and imaging findings a presumptive diagnosis of pneumothorax, rib fractures and trau...

A four-month-old, intact female, Greyhound-cross dog was presented with history of weight loss, lethargy and intermittent vomiting. Abdominal ultrasound revealed microhepatia, reversed position of the kidneys, polysplenia and suspicion of extrahepatic portosystemic (portoazygos) shunt. CT angiography confirmed the visceral anomalies and showed a le...

A 5-year-old male Norwegian Forest cat presented with increased hepatic serum biochemical parameters. Abdominal radiography showed an oval cranioventral mass and ultrasound revealed a mobile mass attached to one hepatic lobe. Computed tomography (CT) confirmed that the mass was attached to the right medial liver lobe. Differential diagnoses were an...

A 3-year-old spayed female dog was presented with 3-month history of severe bilateral uveitis subsequent to previous ovariohysterectomy. Physical examination revealed moderate abdominal pain. Computed tomography showed a nonobstructive heterogeneous mass-like lesion with a speckled gas pattern (spongiform pattern) within the cecum. Exploratory lapa...

A 7-month-old, 2.8 kg, intact female Siamese cat was evaluated for repetitive and intermittent episodes of vomiting and anorexia. Abdominal palpation revealed a round, firm, nonpainful mass in the right cranial abdomen. Ultrasonography findings were consistent with a cystic structure adjacent to the descending duodenum. The structure exhibited a “m...

• Hounsfield units (HU) and bone density (BD) measurements were determined in normal and diseased canine elbow joints. • HU and BD values in regions of the medial coronoid process (MCP) base and apex were related to medial coronoid disease. • Labrador retrievers had higher HU and BD values than Golden retrievers. • An increase in bone density in...

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the comparison between the ultrasonographic features of canine mammary tumours, assessed by B-Mode, colour Doppler, power Doppler, spectral Doppler, and histopathologic features, would help to differentiate if a tumour is benign or malignant. Ultrasonographic examinations of 104 tumours were performed....

Objectives: To evaluate and refine an ultrasound (US)-guided technique to block the brachial plexus (BP) at the level of the axillary space in live cats. Methods: Eight adult experimental cats were enrolled into the study. The animals were sedated and positioned in dorsal recumbency with the limb to be blocked abducted 90º. The US transducer was...

A young intact female dog was presented with urinary incontinence. Abdominal ultrasound revealed the presence of hyperechoic linear structures within the cranial vagina suggestive of foreign material. A computed tomography (CT) retrograde vaginourethrogram demonstrated the presence of a fistulous tract between the urethra and vagina. A presumptive...

This study was conducted to validate the dorsal approach for femoral nerve (FN) blockade in cats and to verify the efficacy of the sole use of peripheral nerve electrolocation (PNE) or ultrasound (US)-guided technique to achieve the block. This study was carried out in two phases. In phase 1, five adult experimental cats were used to validate the a...

A 1.5-year-old, 23 kg intact male Dalmatian dog was evaluated for acute respiratory insufficiency without a previous history of trauma or toxic exposition. Imaging revealed pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, diffuse unstructured interstitial pulmonary pattern, pulmonary interstitial emphysema, and pneumoretroperitoneum. Histopathological evaluation o...

Axillary blockade of the brachial plexus (BP) is advocated in humans and dogs for surgical procedures carried out on the foot, carpus and elbow as it provides complete analgesia distally from above the elbow joint. The aim of this study was to develop an ultrasound (US)-guided approach to block the BP in cats. Two groups of 12 feline cadavers each...

Objective To (1) assess the canine elbow joint using a high frequency transducer (18 MHz); (2) describe the echogenicity and echo texture of the joint; and (3) correlate the ultrasonographic images with transparent plastinated anatomic sections.DesignDescriptive study.Sample PopulationGerman Shepherd cross-breed dogs (cadavers, n = 10; live dogs, n...

Intraneural puncture of local anaesthetics has been associated with permanent or transitory nerve injury. The use of ultrasound (US)-guided techniques for the blockade of peripheral nerves has revealed that intraneural puncture is a relatively common complication, which is not frequently associated with neurological deficits. In this study, 2.5 mL...

Introduction/Purpose: Ultrasonographic (US) computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of the canine elbow joint have been previously reported separately. The purpose of this study was to assess the canine elbow joint by means of US (high frequency transducer of 18 MHz), CT and MRI and correlating the images with plastin...

An 8-year-old intact male Persian cat was presented for investigation of chronic haematuria. The cat had episodes of haematuria on several occasions that were non-responsive to antimicrobial therapy. Abdominal ultrasound examination revealed dilation of the renal pelvis and ureters of both kidneys. The urinary bladder wall was thickened, a mass of...

A 12-year-old, male, fox terrier dog presented with an abnormal gait of the left pelvic limb. Computed tomography revealed a large, homogeneous, hypoattenuating, noncontrast enhancing mass within the left epaxial muscles that invaded the L5-6 vertebral canal and caused spinal cord compression. Imaging findings were consistent with an infiltrative l...

To assess the effects of varying the sequence of midazolam and propofol administration on the quality of induction, cardiorespiratory parameters and propofol requirements in dogs. Randomized, controlled, clinical study. Thirty-three client owned dogs (ASA I-III, 0.5–10 years, 5–30 kg). Dogs were premedicated with acepromazine (0.02 mg kg−1) and mor...

Brachial plexus avulsions commonly occur in cats due to traumatic injuries involving the shoulder. Ultrasound may be an effective method for detecting injured nerves. Additional applications may include characterization of brachial plexus neoplasms and guidance of anesthetic nerve blocks. Aims of this study were to describe ultrasonographic approac...

Forces exerted by fibrous structures on the medial aspect of the canine elbow joint have been reported to be involved in elbow pathology. The purpose of this paper is to assess the relationships of the ligamentous and muscular structures of this region of the canine elbow joint, and how they relate to the medial coronoid process. Six cadavers of ad...

The minute anatomy of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is of great clinical relevance in cats owing to a high number of lesions involving this articulation. However, the precise anatomy is poorly documented in textbooks and scientific articles. The aim of this study was to describe, in detail, the TMJ anatomy and its relationship with other adjace...

This study was conducted to describe and validate a dorsal ultrasound-guided approach to block the femoral nerve (FN) in cats by means of anatomical and computed tomography (CT) studies. The anatomical study was carried out in four fresh feline cadavers to determine the anatomic landmarks to approach this nerve. Then, an ultrasonographic study of t...

Objective To evaluate the dye extent and distribution at the lumbar plexus (LP) of three volumes of local anaesthetic-methylene-blue solution administered close to the femoral nerve (FN) by the use of a ventral ultrasound (US)-guided suprainguinal approach (SIA). Study design Prospective experimental trial. Animals Twenty mongrel canine cadavers we...

This study was conducted to validate an ultrasound-guided technique to block the sciatic nerve in cats. An anatomical study was first carried out in four feline cadavers to evaluate the feasibility of the glutea (cranial and caudal), femoris and poplitea ultrasonographical approaches for the sciatic nerve block. The results showed that the femoris...

Contents This study was performed to characterize the normal blood flow of the canine testis and to measure the peak systolic velocity (PSV), end‐diastolic velocity (EDV), resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of testicular arteries weekly during a period of 6 months in five healthy Beagle dogs and to evaluate whether there were any chang...

Contents Unilateral enlargement of left testicle and scrotum was detected in an 8‐year‐old West Highland White Terrier. The histopathological diagnosis after surgery was a seminoma (SEM) tumour, and a diagnosis of metastatic foci was also detected in vaginal tunic and scrotum. Two months later, new metastatic SEM foci in the skin were diagnosed. Tw...

This prospective study assessed a ventral ultrasound-guided suprainguinal approach to block the femoral nerve (FN) in dogs. The anatomical features of the FN were evaluated in four canine cadavers. In another five cadavers, the FN was located by ultrasound-guidance and the accuracy of this technique was evaluated by injection of black ink and poste...

Objetives of the Study: The accuracy of two different ventral ultrasound (US) guided approaches, the traditional femoral triangle approache (FTa) and a new suprainguinal approach (SIa), to block the femoral nerve (FN) in dogs are evaluated in this study. The ultrasonographic appearance and characteristics of the FN in those approaches is also asses...

Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los signos radiográficos y por tomografía computerizada observados en los codos de animales con sospecha de displasia de codo. Material y Métodos En este estudio se han incluido cinco perros referidos por sospecha de displasia de codo; tres machos y dos hembras de las razas Pastor Alemán, Bulldog I...

The effect of three volumes of staining solution administered by an ultrasound (US) guided suprainguinal approach (SIa) to block the lumbar plexus (LP) is assessed in dogs.

Introduction/Purposes: Salivary gland pathology is rarely reported in the veterinary literature. Contrast radiography has been traditionally used to characterize the salivary gland apparatus and aid diagno-sis. Computed tomography (CT) eliminates organ superimposition maximizing visibility of soft tissue and bone structures. The aim of this study w...

Balanced anaesthesia techniques employ specific drugs in addition to general anaesthetics. The potential effect of some of these drugs on the bispectral index (BIS) remains unclear. BIS seems to be unaffected by the administration of neuromuscular blockers while opioids may block nociceptive-induced BIS increases in anaesthetized humans. In this st...

This study was conducted to describe the ultrasonographic appearance and technique for the evaluation of sciatic nerve (ScN) in cats. An anatomical study was carried out using six feline cadavers to determine anatomic landmarks. An ultrasonographic 'in vitro' study was performed using eight pelvic limbs from four fresh feline cadavers to assess the...

La anestesia epidural es un método efectivo para controlar el dolor en intervenciones del miembro posterior en el perro, aunque no está exenta de contraindicaciones. El bloqueo selectivo de nervios periféricos (BNP), concretamente del ciático (NC) y femoral (NF) representa una alternativa a la epidural en humanos. El BNP se realiza tradicionalmente...

In human medicine, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered the 'gold standard' imaging procedure to assess the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). However, there is no information regarding MRI evaluation of equine TMJ. To describe the normal sectional MRI anatomy of equine TMJ by using frozen and plastinated anatomical sections as reference; and...

A twelve year old, male Fox Terrier, weighing 11 kg, with a year history of vomiting was referred to the hospital. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a thickening (0.93 cm) of the proximal duodenum wall, 3 cm in length, with loss of normal layering of the intestinal wall and homogeneous hypoechogenic echotexture. Enlarged regional mesenteric lymph...

Ten canine cadavers were used to investigate the anatomy and ultrasonographic approaches to the sciatic (ScN) and femoral (FN) nerves and to assess the accuracy of an ultrasound (US) guided technique to locate and block these nerves in the dog. The nerves of four sedated dogs were sought using US, blocked with 1% lidocaine and successful location c...

An 11-year-old neutered female domestic longhair cat was evaluated because of a 1-week history of progressive dyspnea, signs of depression, and loss of appetite. A histiocytic sarcoma had been excised from the mammary gland 6 weeks earlier. Physical examination findings were consistent with pleural effusion, and thoracic and abdominal radiography a...

To study the anaesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of intramuscular (IM) administration of different combinations of romifidine and ketamine in cats. Prospective, randomized, cross-over experiment. Animals Seven healthy adult cats weighing (mean +/- SD) 3.4 +/- 0.7 kg and aged 4.6 +/- 3.2 years. Animals received romifidine 100 microg kg(-1) wit...

A 5-year-old female cross-breed dog was presented for a one-month history of lethargy, poor appetite and weight loss. A hysterectomy had been performed 2 years ago. Abdominal palpation revealed a mid-abdominal mass and haematological analysis showed leucocytosis with left shift. On abdominal radiographs, a 9 cm in diameter soft tissue opacity mass...

Nowadays, most of the anaesthetic drugs commonly employed, show a neuroprorective effect thanks to the central nervous system depression that they induce. Considering the patients' health status, benzodiacepines, alpha(2)-agonists or even phenotiazine derivates (traditionally contraindicated) could be chosen. The use of analgesic drugs, both opioid...

(1) Evaluar la anatomía de los nervios diana y sus referencias anatómicas para localizar mediante ecografía los nervios ciático y femoral en el perro, (2) describiendo posteriormente el aspecto ecográfico normal de estas estructuras, con vistas a su aplicación en técnicas de anestesia regional ecoguiada sobre la extremidad posterior.