A.M. Samad

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | IEEE · IEEE Control Systems Society

This study focuses on the dielectric permittivity of Cherang Hangus soil, a laterite type known for its water retention and landfill liner applications. By leveraging GPR data alongside empirical models, researchers aim to understand how moisture content influences dielectric permittivity, which is critical for managing wastewater migration in vari...

Slope stability analysis is crucial in civil engineering for the design and maintenance of embankments, especially those constructed on soft soils. Traditional methods like the limit equilibrium method (LEM) and finite element method (FEM) are time-consuming and require significant expertise. This study explores the application of three machine lea...

In many applications of science and engineering, the real physical related objects are usually modelled in terms of mesh objects, where, the mesh will be used during computation or simulation. For most cases, a good mesh is required in order to increase the accuracy of the results. As the mesh represents the original object, the mesh should have si...

The key factor in smart city development is implementing clean and renewable energy to keep the environment safe from pollutants. The energy mentioned is precisely on electricity and also transportation services. According to the statistics retrieved from The World Bank Data, the carbon emission released by both electricity generation and transport...

Digital documentation of rock art traditionally relies on a point cloud captured by a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) or derived from an oriented image obtained using photogrammetry. In modern photogrammetry, the dense point cloud is generated using multi-view stereo (MVS) and subsequently used to generate a photorealistic 3D model. A recent method...

Mangroves are very well known for their contribution to wildlife, human and ecosystem. Mangroves provide habitat, food, medicine and building material make them so valuable and important. However, despite all the benefits they offer, mangroves are being threatened all over the world. Mangrove loss and deforestation have become a worldwide issue. Th...

Predicting the maximum ground surface settlement (MGS) beneath road embankments is crucial for safe operation, particularly on soft foundation soils. Despite having been explored to some extent, this problem still has not been solved due to its inherent complexity and many effective factors. This study applied support vector machines (SVM) and arti...

The artificial or neural network is one of the branches of the artificial intelligence method. Over the last few decades, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been widely used to predict embankment stability. This paper will provide a detailed review of the ANN application, which is multilayer feedforward neural networks (MLFNN) in road embankmen...

This paper aimed to estimate the slope stability on soft ground by utilising Artificial Intelligence (AI) method that is widely used in the past decade for prediction purposes. The slope stability is predicted using Factor of Safety (FoS) that is generated with Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM) such as Ordinary, Bishop, Janbu and Morgenstern–Price an...

This paper presents the prediction of slope stability for road embankment constructed on the soft ground treated with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs). The slope stability was evaluated based on the factor of safety (FOS) through numerical analysis and modeled with an artificial neural network (ANN). The permeability ratio of the smear effect w...

This paper presents the performance of road embankment slope stability on the soft ground treated with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) using numerical methods. A comparative analysis between the prediction through the finite element method (FEM) and measured was performed to verify the permeability ratio of smear effect. The influence of mesh...

This article provides an assessment study of the embankment stability on soft soil improved with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs). An empirical approach based on Barron theory is used to predict settlement grounds with PVDs and compared to measured. This comparative study is essential to validate the soil parameters in analyzing the stability o...

Nowadays flood water level predictions have become one of the most popular subject matter among researcher because this natural disaster damages people's life and property. In addition, flood is also one of the natural disasters that occur frequently around the world. However, since the dynamic of the flood itself is highly nonlinear, it is a very...

Flood prediction modelling is one of the most popular research areas among researcher around the world. This is due to negative impacts to the economy and society that were caused by flood. The dynamic behaviours of river water level that causing flood were commonly modelled by researcher either by equations using physic theories or by black-box mo...

Processing of a vast number of aerial images from high-resolution digital camera always leads to the use of lengthy hours. This contradicts to the advantage of the use of UAV that could acquire and deliver the data rapidly to highlight the actual condition of the terrain. In previous studies, 1033 images were used covering the size of about seven k...

Strata Title Survey is a method of measurement in Cadastral Surveying. This measurement involve with buildings which has more than four floors such as industrial building, hotel and residential. The importance of Strata Title Survey is to make sure each parcel have its own lot and any maintenance and development are under control with the support o...

Due to heavy traffic and congested roads, it is crucial that public transport services are continuously monitored and improved to fulfill rider's needs and report updated information to transit agencies. This paper attempts to evaluate the level of service of public transportation provided by Rapid Kuala Lumpur using Geographical Information System...

In recent years, there are ample research and development on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for various applications. The significance of small and low operating cost, UAV extensively being used in agriculture mapping. The UAV is suitable for the small survey area compared to the traditional remote sensing application for both spatial and temporal r...

Using mangroves as a potential coastal bioshield has been intensively studied and tested in the past 10 years. Without a doubt, these studies suggest mangroves are able to attenuate waves thus make it perfect bioshield against tsunami, storm surges, erosion and other coastal disaster. This paper synthesis state of mangroves forests in Peninsular Ma...

Sabah Electricity Sdn. Bhd (SESB) is an agency that provides generation, transmission and distribution services in state of Sabah and the Federal Territory Labuan. In a recent year, optimization is important in planning the best route for transmission line. Geographic Information System (GIS) offering many solutions on daily usage which included po...

Most of the countries have paid great attention to flood water level prediction since flood may damages people's life and property. Currently, hydrological models were used to get the prediction of flood water levels. However, this involved with various parameters such as hydrometric measurements, weather forecasts and hydrogeological maps, in addi...

Flood water level prediction has become subject matter around the world because it can cause damaging threat to human life and property. Therefore an accurate flood water level prediction is vital in order to alert residents nearby flood location of incoming flood events. However, since flood water level fluctuates highly nonlinear, it is a very di...

Spatial planning analysis towards conservation of Malay traditional house landscape characteristics is one of the important element in our country. It is because, this element is one of the uniqueness symbol that show the Malay culture in Malaysia and have a big potential for future development. So, to promote this symbol as a Malaysian identity, t...

There were a total of 58 events of natural disaster in Malaysia for the period between years 1980 to 2010 that claiming a total of 1,239 lives of the 640,000 people affected. These data were based on statistics provided by United Nation Officer for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR). From all different categories of natural disasters considered, floo...

Recently, the applications of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in various hydrologic problems have becoming popular. This is due to ability of ANN models to estimate nonlinear functions and hence become important tools to solve diverse water resources problems. Particularly, ANN models have been used in hydrological fields such as river flow forecas...

Rapid development of tourism has created major challenges in planning and managing the environment. This is due to the need to provide attractive tourism sites and supporting products such as accommodations and transportation networks as well as protecting the environment. This study used GIS to map and measure land use transformation from 1970s to...

Advancement of Unmanned Aerial Imagery Capturing System (UAiCs) get to be more prominent nowadays. Technology developments have leading to the present day science of modern Photogrammetry. Accordingly, UAiCs is created from the low altitude photogrammetric mapping to perform the precision of the airborne photography and the determination of the pho...

Flood is one of natural disaster that has becomes major threat around the world. Flood disaster may damages people's life and property. Therefore, an accurate flood water level prediction is very important in flood modelling because it can give ample time to residents nearby flood location for evacuation purposes. However, due to the dynamics of fl...

This paper investigate the potential of Unmanned aerial imagery capturing system(UAiCs) to mapping a quarry area and carried out area measurement and spataial analysis. This study used fixed wing UAiCs as a platform and a sensor compact camera Canon PowerShot SX230 HS. A workflow from flight planning, data acqusistion and data processing was demons...

Recently, ANN models have been successfully applied in flood water level prediction system. However, most of publication on flood prediction only focusing on flood modelling and no element of prediction time was mentioned. Therefore, flood water level prediction is a new avenue to embark on in order to give early warning for evacuation purposes. Th...

Most of the countries around the world have paid great attention to flood water level prediction system because flood events may damage on people's life and property. However, since flood water level fluctuates highly nonlinear, it is a very difficult task to predict flood water level accurately. Since Artificial Neural Network is an effective tech...

The emergence of spatial data updating can be acquired from Unmanned Aerial Imagery Capturing System (UAiCs) photogrammetry that is low cost but could represent data at large scale. This can be achieved with a proper UAiCs flight planning which include pre-preparation or site investigation particularly in knowing the characteristic of the topograph...

Traditional Malay house design is not the crucial element to be considered under the development planning of Malaysia. It is because the modernization and urbanization in Malaysia is most important thing to get entitle of successful country in a few years. So, this approach was resulting in the disappearance of its own identity in Malaysia. This st...

The research is mainly focus on modeling of non-topographic objects based on Photogrammetry field of studies. By using 3D printing technology that is widely used nowadays, a real object could be reproduced again exactly as it is through post processing of object model formed by RGB-D camera and printing out of the post-processed file using 3D print...

Flood is common natural disaster that occurs during heavy rainfall. It has cause devastating impact towards lives, infrastructures, properties and environment landscape. In recent flooding event in Malaysia on December 2014, it is reported that about 200 000 people are affected, which double up the number of people affected during flooding event on...

Background: In Malaysia, rural is still consider not the core element in the cultural landscape conservation. Over the centuries, rural landscapes have undergone many changes due to profound shifts in cultural, institutional and economic relationships with nature. Thus, the values and meanings of landscapes are evolving and being constantly reinter...

This paper has discuss the image processing of aerial photograph acquired from unmanned aerial imagery capturing system (UAiCs) in generating a digital orthophoto and digital elevation model of a small catchment. The purpose of the study is to produce a recent digital elevation model of the study area which comprise of terrain and water bodies part...

Flood is one of natural disaster that has becomes major threat around the world. Flood disaster may damages people's life and property. Therefore, an accurate flood water level prediction is very important in flood modelling because it can give ample time to residents nearby flood location for evacuation purposes. However, due to the dynamics of fl...

Flood is one of the most dangerous natural disasters that occurs frequently and can affect large community areas. It has becomes the main threat to people's life and properties. Therefore, flood prediction has long been a popular subject matter to researchers around the world. This is because an accurate and reliable flood prediction is very much n...

Low Altitude Remote Sensing (LARS) images from the unmanned radio-controlled quadcopter platform has been utilized in assessing relationship between paddy production and paddy spectral by using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) classification method. Sampling result from six well distributed area were the main feeder in establishing the...

The digital close range photogrammetry (DCRP) approach has been used for tree's age estimation from its photographs with image analysis. Age of a tree can be determined using diameter or from the circumference, then convert it into diameter of a tree. The aim of this study is to determine the age of a tree by measuring tree diameter using close ran...

Flooding is an unavoidable disaster. However, the impact and the risk to be affected by flooding can be reduced. Recently, floodplain modeling known as new method applied in river engineering modeling and has been used by many researchers in determining flood prone area, The objective of this research is to explore the integration of Geographic Inf...

Landscape conservation in rural area is not the crucial element to be considered under the development planning of Malaysia. It is because the public believe that the characteristics of landscape in rural area are the way forward to become a developed country. This approach will result in the disappearance of its own identity in Malaysia. So that,...

Decision making and planning is an integral part in Unmanned Aerial Imagery Capturing System (UAiCs) operation, it is important to plan dynamically negotiable collision free path. In order to ensure the UAiCs operates safely, effective path planning and also any rules of regulation governing flight within the Department of Civil Aviation need to co...

The surveying technique of close-range Photogrammetry is based on an approach of representation of the image forming mechanism of photography and extract spatial information through computation on photos. This research used the fundamentals of close-range Photogrammetry and is applied to model leaves, measure the geometric model of leaf length and...

The alternative technique of acquiring shoreline data using satellite images or from aerial photos has renowned as a fast and less time consuming process as compared to the conventional method of land surveying technique at the sea shore, especially when covering large and rugged area. This paper discussing the process of extracting shoreline data...

The main purpose to plan the flight planning for Unmmaned Aerial Imagery Capturing System (UAiCs) is to find out the best flight path and camera exposure station. Besides that, flight planning can help in reducing operational cost and obtain the optimum result. Flight planning is the most important step in Photogrammetry and need to be planned prop...

The art of photogrammetry has expanded where non metric cameras are used to replace metric camera as technology grows. Non metric cameras are widely used today in close range photogrammetry application as the numbers of pixels increase. The non metric camera is created for photography used. The interior orientation is unknown and requires camera ca...

Flood disaster has becomes major threat around the world because it causes loss of lives and damages to property. Thus, reliable flood prediction is very much needed in order to reduce the effects of flood disaster. Hence, an accurate flood water level prediction is an important task to achieve. Since flood water level fluctuation is highly nonline...

Flood water level prediction using system identification technique is still new area for most of the researchers. This is due to the dynamics of the flood water level itself that is often characterized as highly nonlinear. Thus, it is quite a challenging task to represent the flood water level behavioural in mathematical expressions. This paper pre...

Image based modeling and documentation are become important elements in historical or heritage representation. As an alternative method, The Digital Close-Range Photogrammetry approach offers a manual and semi automatic measurement process to provide the digital base drawing for creating the three dimensional (3D) model. In addition, differential r...

The study of urban poverty using high resolution satellite imagery and environmental data set has been widely used in many countries since early year 2000 to estimate, detect and identify the poor areas. By using remote sensing approach the identification of poor area can be pre-predicted without intensively to go to the ground. Due to high life ex...

Integration of the Geographical Information System (GIS) technology and various applications are able to contribute towards reconstructing the dynamic of representation in GIS visualization. WEB-based GIS visualization users like architects, planners, landuse planners and urban designers are capable to visualize the effect of urban, proposed and zo...

Flooding has become prominent focus of hydrological studies because of increasing public awareness on this problem. The complex nature of floods and its responses make it the most challenging and important task of the researcher. Conventional methods for establishing the relationships between input and output data need to understand the behavior of...

Flood is a most dangerous natural disaster that can cause enormous threat to human life and property. Thus, an accurate flood water level prediction is very prominent prior to develop a reliable flood water level prediction. Despite the widespread use of nonlinear model for flood water level prediction, linear model is still a new model among resea...

Most of the local university building models are lack of accurate photorealistic visualization and documentation which are significant for efficient conveying spatial information. Digital Close Range Photogrammetry (DCRP) is frequently method to obtain an accurate and practical measurement in the 3D building. This study is to integrate the recent d...