Almut Richter

• Robert Koch Institut

Purpose To improve sustainability, adjustments to current diets are necessary. Therefore, limited planetary resources are considered within the healthy reference diet proposed by the EAT-Lancet Commission. The agreement with nationwide food intake was evaluated with two indices which reflect this reference and German food intake recommendations. M...

Background Active transport– for example walking and bicycling to travel from place to place– may improve physical fitness and health and mitigate climate change if it replaces motorised transport. The aim of this study is to analyse the active transport behaviour of adults living in Germany, to investigate differences among population groups and t...

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die aktuellen Klimaveränderungen sind eine der größten Herausforderungen für Public Health. Im Hinblick auf die Ernährung trägt die Produktion tierischer Lebensmittel erheblich zu den Treibhausgasemissionen bei. Bereits im Kindesalter wird in Deutschland oftmals mehr Fleisch und Wurst gegessen, als im Rahmen einer gesund...

Introduction High consumption of red and processed meat increases the risk of several chronic diseases. Many people, especially in high-income countries, eat more meat than recommended by nutritional and health agencies. Meat production also has negative impacts on the environment and contributes to climate change. Therefore, climate protection, be...

Background: Measures for containing the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 resulted in drastic changes in physical activity and dietary habits that also impacted body weight. Methods: The representative study German Health Update (GEDA 2021) includes self-reported information about body weight and body height for adults aged 18 years and older (...

Background: Smoking is a significant health risk and the leading cause of premature death. Passive smoke causes the same negative effects on health as smoking, albeit to a lesser extent. The reduction of tobacco consumption and the protection against passive smoke are thus important health objectives. Methods: The study German Health Update (GED...

The spread of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in 2020 and the containment measures associated therewith have changed many aspects of daily life. An impact on health even beyond infections itself is assumed as well. The health situation of the population in the first phase of the pandemic was thus analysed using data from the German Health Update (GEDA 2...

Health-promoting behaviours are important at any age to prevent diseases and to promote well-being. Using data from GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS, a Germany-wide, representative survey, this article describes how often the adult population in Germany reports certain types of health-promoting behaviour in their everyday lives. The behaviours considered are no...

Health-promoting behaviours are important at any age to prevent diseases and to promote well-being. Using data from GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS, a Germany-wide, representative survey, this article describes how often the adult population in Germany reports certain types of health-promoting behaviour in their everyday lives. The behaviours considered are no...

[This corrects the article on p. 3-20 in vol. 5.].

SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus, has posed major challenges in Germany in 2020. It is unclear whether the pandemic and containment measures will have an impact on the health of the population beyond the point of infection. The German Health Update (GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS) is a nationwide survey of the population aged 15 years and older (n=23,001) th...

Das neuartige Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 stellt Deutschland im Jahr 2020 vor große Herausforderungen. Unklar ist, ob die Pandemie und die ergriffenen Eindämmungsmaßnahmen auf die Gesundheit der Bevölkerung jenseits des Infektionsgeschehens Einfluss haben. Die Studie Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell (GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS) ist eine bundesweite Befragung...

SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus, has posed major challenges in Germany in 2020. It is unclear whether the pandemic and containment measures will have an impact on the health of the population beyond the point of infection. The German Health Update (GEDA 2019/2020-EHIS) is a nationwide survey of the population aged 15 years and older (n=23,001) th...

Zusammenfassung. Kindertageseinrichtungen (Kitas) sind das zentrale Setting für Gesundheitsförderung und Prävention bei Kindern im Vorschulalter. Der Erziehungs- und Bildungsauftrag der Kita umfasst auch gesundheitliche Aspekte. Der Beitrag zeigt ausgewählte Ergebnisse zum Gesundheitszustand und dem Gesundheitsverhalten von Kindern im Alter bis zu...

Introduction An appropriate diet is particularly important for development, growth and health of children and adolescents. The living and social environments, as well as the food market and dietary habits have changed in recent decades. The second “Eating Study as a KiGGS Module” EsKiMo II (2015–2017) provides a current overview of the food and nut...

Empirically derived dietary patterns are useful to describe food consumption habits within population groups. The aim of the study was to analyse dietary patterns as well as changes of these patterns within the last decade among German adolescents. Dietary patterns were analyzed for 12 to 17 years old participants of two waves of the German Health...

Updates of food composition data complicate comparisons of energy and nutrient intake between consecutive dietary surveys. The effect of an update of the German Nutrient Database (BLS) from version BLS2.3 to BLS3.02 on calculated energy and nutrient intake was evaluated among 1272 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years from the first German children and a...

Zusammenfassung Das gesellschaftlich vorherrschende Schönheitsideal löst häufig einen starken Schlankheitsdruck aus. Dies kann vor allem bei Jugendlichen zu Unzufriedenheit mit dem eigenen Körper führen und den Wunsch nach Gewichtsreduzierung hervorrufen. Aktuelle und repräsentative Daten zu den Diäterfahrungen, der in Deutschland lebenden 12- bis...

Dietary supplements may contribute to nutrient intake; however, actual data on dietary supplement use among adolescents living in Germany are rare. The aim of this analysis was to describe the current use of dietary supplements, its determinants, and reasons of use. Changes in supplement use over time were evaluated by comparing the results with th...

Zusammenfassung Das gesellschaftlich vorherrschende Schönheitsideal löst häufig einen starken Schlankheitsdruck aus. Dies kann vor allem bei Jugendlichen zu Unzufriedenheit mit dem eigenen Körper führen und den Wunsch nach Gewichtsreduzierung hervorrufen. Aktuelle und repräsentative Daten zu den Diäterfahrungen, der in Deutschland lebenden 12- bis...

This article focuses on selected indicators related to sports and dietary behaviour – two important factors that influence the development of obesity. The analyses are based on data collected for the second wave of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2), which was conducted between 2014 and 20...

Consuming large amounts of sugary beverages has been related to developing obesity, diabetes mellitus type II and other chronic diseases. KiGGS Wave 2 (2014-2017) provides data on the consumption of sugary soft drinks in the 3-17 year age group in Germany. Overall, 13.7% of girls and 17.6% of boys consume one to three times a day sugary soft drinks...

Background Empirically derived food purchase patterns provide information about which combinations of foods were purchased from households. The objective of this study was to identify what kinds of patterns exist, which level of diet quality they represent and which factors are associated with the patterns. Methods The study made use of representa...

The fieldwork of the second follow-up to the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) was completed in August 2017. KiGGS is part of the Robert Koch Institute’s Federal Health Monitoring. The study consists of the KiGGS cross-sectional component (a nationally representative, periodic cross-sectional survey...

Im August 2017 wurde die Feldphase der zweiten Folgeerhebung der Studie zur Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland (KiGGS) beendet. KiGGS wird im Rahmen des bundesweiten Gesundheitsmonitorings am Robert Koch-Institut durchgeführt. Die Studie beinhaltet wiederholt durchgeführte, für Deutschland repräsentative Querschnitterhebungen be...

Background: As part of the second wave of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2), food and nutrient intake of children and adolescents aged 6-17 years living in Germany is assessed in EsKiMo II - the Eating Study as a KiGGS Module. Methods: EsKiMo II is a cross-sectional study, conducted fr...

Background The aim of this study is to analyse prevailing dietary patterns among German adolescents and their associations with biomarkers of nutrient status and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods Analyses were based on data from the nationwide, representative Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents in Germany, conduc...

Objectives: Within the framework of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS), the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) conducted a nationwide mortality follow-up study. As there is no national mortality register in Germany, mortality and causes of death were investigated individually and under observance of state-specific data p...

Until now, the recommendations of the German Nutrition Society on fruit and vegetable intake have not been reached by the majority of the population. In the first wave of the"German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults" (DEGS1), which was conducted from 2008 to 2011, food consumption was determined with a validated food frequency ques...

English version of "Obst- und Gemüsekonsum in Deutschland. Ergebnisse der Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland (DEGS1)"

Bisher wurden die Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährung zum Obst- und Gemüseverzehr von einem Großteil der Bevölkerung nicht erreicht. In der von 2008 bis 2011 durchgeführten ersten Welle der ,,Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland“ (DEGS1) wurde in einer repräsentativen Stichprobe der 18- bis 79-jährigen Wohnbevölkerung...

Background Adolescence is an important life stage for the development of dietary preferences and health behaviour. Longitudinal studies indicated that cardiovascular status in adolescence predicts cardiovascular risk marker values in adulthood. Several diet quality indices for adolescents have been developed in the past, but literature concerning a...

Background The German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS) is part of the recently established national health monitoring conducted by the Robert Koch Institute. DEGS combines a nationally representative periodic health survey and a longitudinal study based on follow-up of survey participants. Funding is provided by the German...

The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns among a representative sample of German adolescents and their associations with energy and nutrient intake, socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics, and overweight status. In the analysis, data from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents were used. T...

Recoding of frequency and portion size data. The file contains information about the recoding of the frequencies and the portion sizes of each food item to calculate the average food-group intake per day.

Correlation coefficients between both methods by body weight, socio-economic status and sex. The file contains the results of correlation analyses of food group intake between both instruments for subgroups according to body weight, socio-economic status and sex.

The aim of this study was to determine the relative validity of the self-administered Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) "What do you eat?", which was used in the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS 2003-2006). The validation was conducted in the EsKiMo Nutrition Module, a subsample of KiGGS....

Studies that investigated complex actual eating behaviours of the general population and their relation to cardiometabolic risk markers are sparse. We aimed to identify dietary patterns within a nationally representative sample of 4025 German adults by factor analysis based on validated dietary history interviews. Furthermore, we evaluated associat...

The study EsKiMo (Eating study as a KiGGS Module) was conducted from January to December 2006 as a follow-up study of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS). With data from this study, the alcohol consumption of adolescents in Germany is explored. Interviews were conducted with 1272 adolescents, aged...

The study EsKiMo (Eating study as a KiGGS Module) was conducted from January to December 2006 as a follow-up study of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS). With data from this study, the alcohol consumption of adolescents in Germany is explored. Interviews were conducted with 1272 adolescents, aged...

To compare the food consumption and nutrient intakes of German children and adolescents in the 1980s with present dietary habits. Two cross-sectional representative surveys, the German National Food Consumption Study (Nationale Verzehrsstudie, NVS) from 1985-8 and the nutrition module 'EsKiMo' of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey f...

In 2006, 20 % of adolescents aged 12-17 years used dietary supplements. Persons with high physical activity levels as well as those with high education levels consumed dietary supplements more often than others. Many supplement users used only one single-nutrient supplement. A similarly large proportion of users consumed one supplement with multipl...

Im Jahr 2006 nahmen 20 % der Jugendlichen im Alter von 12–17 Jahren Supplemente ein. Supplemente wurden häufiger von körperlich-sportlich Aktiven sowie von Gymnasiasten eingenommen. Ein Großteil der Supplementnehmer verwendete ein einziges Präparat mit nur einem Nährstoff. Es war aber auch häufig die Einnahme eines Präparates mit mehreren Nährstoff...

EsKiMo (nutritional study as KiGGS module) is a nation-wide representative study of the nutrition of children and adolescents between 6 and 17 years of age. The present contribution presents results relating to the fast food consumption of 1 272 adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age. Nearly all of them reported that they had eaten fast food at...

EsKiMo (nutritional study as KiGGs module) provides a representative survey of the present diets of children and adolescents between 6 and 17 years of age in Germany. The present contribution is devoted to food consumption of this age group and compared to the recommendations by the research institute for child nutrition Dortmund. EsKiMo has shown...

A regular and adequate intake of liquids is an essential part of a healthy diet and is particularly important during the growth stage. Depending on the type and the frequency of consumption, different beverages impact on health in different ways. Representative data collected in EsKiMo (Eating Study as a KiGGS Module) provide an up-to-date overview...

The dietary behaviour of a total of 2.506 6-17-year-old children and adolescents in Germany was determined from January to December 2006 in the EsKiMo study, the nutrition module of KiGGS, the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents. On the average, intake of energy, fat and carbohydrates is largely in line with...

In a module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS), the dietary behaviour of 6- to 17-year-olds was assessed from January to December 2006. The study, named EsKiMo (Eating Study as a KiGGS Module), was performed by the Robert Koch Institute together with the division of nutrition and consumer educ...

Since dietary behaviour has an essential impact on health, information on food consumption was collected in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS). A food frequency questionnaire was used to ascertain the average frequency of eating and average portion sizes of various food groups “in recent weeks”....

Da das Ernährungsverhalten einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Gesundheit hat, wurden im Rahmen des Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurveys (KiGGS) auch Informationen zum Lebensmittelverzehr erfasst. Mit Hilfe eines Ernährungsfragebogens wurden die Verzehrshäufigkeiten und Portionsmengen verschiedener Lebensmittelgruppen ,,in den letzten Wochen“ ermit...

Im Rahmen des bundesweiten Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurveys (KiGGS) wurde von Januar bis Dezember 2006 in einem Modul das Ernährungsverhalten von 6- bis 17-Jährigen erfasst. Die Studie mit dem Namen EsKiMo (Ernährungsstudie als KiGGS-Modul) wurde vom Robert Koch-Institut (RKI) gemeinsam mit der Universität Paderborn, Fachgruppe Ernährung und Ve...

Since dietary behaviour has an essential impact on health, information on food consumption was obtained in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS). The average food frequency and portion size "in recent weeks" was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Two versions of the questionnaire, identic...

In a module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS), the dietary behaviour of 6-17-year-olds was assessed from January to December 2006. The study, named EsKiMo (Eating Study as a KiGGS Module), was performed by the Robert Koch Institute together with the division of nutrition and consumer educatio...

From January to December 2006, the dietary behaviour of children and adolescents at the age of 6-17 is assessed in a module which is part of KiGGS (National Health Interview and Examination Survey for children and adolescents). The study called EsKiMo (Eating study as a KiGGS Module) is conducted by the Robert Koch-Institute together with the Unive...

Dietary intake of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPA and DHA) was analysed, stratified by sex and age groups, using data from the German Nutrition Survey 1998. The median intake of both fatty acids combined (EPA and DHA) was 141 mg per day among women and 186 mg among men. In all age groups, women consumed less EPA and DHA than men, partly...

In the second German National Nutrition Survey (NVS II), different methods are used to learn about the nutritional behaviour of 20000 subjects between 14 and 80 years of age. Energy and nutrient intake as well as meal structures and meal patterns are assessed by dietary history interviews using DISHES 05 and 24-h recalls via EPIC-SOFT. Both program...

A blood cholesterol-lowering margarine containing plant sterolesters was the first functional food placed on the European food market pursuant to the regulation (EC) 258/97. In the following years nine further applicants submitted the request to add plant sterol compounds to dairy products, cheeses, bakery products, sausages, plant oils and other p...