
Almir Atikovic- PhD
- Professor (Full) at University of Tuzla
Almir Atikovic
- PhD
- Professor (Full) at University of Tuzla
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Introduction
Full Professor Almir Atiković, Ph.D.
University of Tuzla, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Bosnia and Herzegovina
atikovic.almir@gmail.com
almir.atikovic@untz.ba
TF: +387 35278536; M: +387 61 830730
Current institution
Publications
Publications (96)
The aim of the paper is to define which biomechanical parameters explain and define the difficulty vault value. The study sample included 64 vaults from the Code of Points (COP) of the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG, 2009). The dependent variable included all difficulty values ranging from 2-7.2 points, while the sample of independent var...
The main aim of this study was to determine the correlation of motor knowledge of acrobatic elements with successful performance of parallel turns in alpine skiing. An additional aim was to determine whether there is a difference between groups divided on the basis of knowledge of alpine skiing. The research was conducted on a sample of 27 students...
The main objective of this paper was to determine the relationship between biomechanical parameters of vault flights with respect to new models of initial vault difficulty values in men's artistic gymnastic. The study sample included vaults (n=64) and models (n=5) from the 2009 Code of Points (CoP) of the Federation International of Gymnastics (FIG...
This research was conducted on a sample of a total of 71 children aged 3 to 6 years, with the aim of establishing whether there are differences in morphological and motor skills between three different age groups. The sample of variables consisted of two anthropometric measures and ten motor tests. Measures of central tendency were used for data an...
This paper aims to determine whether there is a difference in anthropometric, morphological characteristics, and motor abilities, between boys and girls at the age of 13-15 years. The study included 95 subjects of which 49 were boys (51.6%) and 46 girls (48.4%), with mean age girls 14.14 and boys 14.40 years. The sample comprised students who belon...
This paper aims to determine whether there is a difference in anthropometric, morphological characteristics, and motor abilities, between boys and girls at the age of 13-15 years. The study included 95 subjects of which 49 were boys (51.6%) and 46 girls (48.4%), with mean age girls 14.14 and boys 14.40 years. The sample comprised students who belon...
(1) Background: This case study analyzed the successful performances of female gymnasts in the finals of the 39th and 40th World Cup in Maribor (SLO). The aim was to identify variations in their execution of the Clear Hip Circle to Handstand (CHCH) on uneven bars based on kinematic parameters. (2) Methods: This study involved elite female gymnasts...
The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between absolute and relative lower extremity strength and the efficiency of gymnastics vault performance. Thirty healthy, physically active male students (age: 20.84 ± 0.99 years; height: 179.46 ± 5.91 cm; body weight: 73.88 ± 6.43 kg) from the Faculty of Sports and Physical Education partic...
The preschool years are characterized by additional physical development changes, enhanced motor abilities, and strengthened movement apparatus in the kid. The feet undergo morpho-functional changes at that period, particularly between the ages of 3 and 6, which result in the development of their longitudinal and transverse arches. The aim of this...
The purpose of this study is a comparison of skeletal muscle characteristics in Slovenian gymnasts assessed by TMG and values of contraction properties of muscles, lateral symmetries, and the effect of aging on selected contraction properties of skeletal muscles in men's artistic gymnastics (MAG); women's artistic gymnastics (WAG) and rhythmic gymn...
Alpine skiing is a sport and recreational physical activity which requires fine postural control to maintain balance in challenging conditions. Theoretically, balance dominates in alpine skiing, but coordinated action of the whole body of the skiers is equally important. The aim of this research was to determine the effects of experimental short-te...
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Abstract and figures
The aim of the research was to examine the effects of isokinetic traini...
The aim of the research was to examine the effects of isokinetic training on knee stabilizermuscles strength, and whether this increases the efficiency of performing basic gymnasticvaults. A total of 60 respondents, students of the Faculty of Sports and Physical Education(average age 19.7±1.5 years, weight 75.3±2.9 kg, height 179.8±6.7 cm) were inc...
Background: It is crucial to evaluate children’s motor coordination and strength to identify possible motor deficits on the right or left side of the body. However, whether a distinction exists in children aged 3–6 must be clarified. The goal of the current research was to investigate the differences in motor skills between preschool boys and girls...
Objective: The purpose of this study is a comparison of skeletal muscle characteristics in Slovenian gymnasts assessed by TMG and values of contraction properties of muscles, lateral symmetries, and the effect of aging on selected contraction properties of skeletal muscles in men's artistic gymnastics (MAG); women's artistic gymnastics (WAG) and rh...
The World Health Organization (WHO) released guidelines for physical activity, sedentary behav-iour, and sleep for children under 5 years of age in 2019. In response to these guidelines, this study aimed to determine the proportion of preschool children (ages 3-5 years) who met the WHO guidelines. The time spent in physical activity, sedentary beha...
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the normative values of muscles’ contractile properties, lateral symmetry, and the impact of aging on muscle contractility in gymnastics. Materials and Methods: A survey of 81 athletes from different disciplines was undertaken: MAG (n = 26), WAG (n = 28), and RG (n = 27). The athletes’ averag...
NODO test je dobro konstruisan test za učenike prvog razreda oba pola i savetuje se učenje ove veštine u nižim razredima osnovne s kole. Cilj uc enja ove ves tine ne mora biti sam sebi svrha, vec stvaranje solidne osnove za učenje osnovnih preskoka (kao što su raznoška ili zgrčka) u višim razredima osnovne škole. Iako u početku učenici nisu imali p...
Artistic gymnastics is a sport with the primary requirement to adopt the technique of a variety of specific exercises. This means that learning new, more complex and challenging elements is a daily principle of the training process. The new element must first imagine, and then implemented in practice. The goal of the new element is to introduce gym...
In the present study, we try to establish whether specific disciplines in women's artistic gymnastics are equal and should the applicable Code of Points (COP) be revised in terms of point standardization on apparatus. Our sample included all-around senior female gymnasts who participated in the qualification (C-I) competitions from 2009 to 2019. Th...
Sažetak: Autori su nastojali prikazati učešće sportista iz Tuzle na najvećim sportskim događajima u nekadašnjoj Jugoslaviji i Bosni i Hercegovini od 1972 do 2021. godine. Na početku su se ukratko osvrnuli na historiju olimpijskog pokreta u BiH, da bi nakon toga prikazali dio bogate sportske rezultate historije Tuzle. Predstavili su sve sportiste, f...
The subject sample was composed of (n=259) gymnasts who competed at the 49th FIG WAG Artistic Gymnastics Senior World Championships Stuttgart (GER) and (n=119) gymnasts who competed at the 1st FIG WAG Artistic Gymnastics Junior World Championships Gyor (HUN). The aim of this study was to determine the differences
between the two age groups of gymna...
Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seems to be having a significant impact on physical activity behaviors globally. The pandemic has forced many of us around the world to remain reception and self-isolate for a period of our time. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this paper was to find out how much the measures due to the COVI...
Background: In the present study, the main goal was to establish whether the disciplines are equal and should the Code of Points (COP) women's artistic gymnastics be revised in terms of point standardization on apparatus. Material and methods: The sample included all-around senior female gymnasts who participated in the qualification (C-I) competit...
SUMMARY: Success in artistic gymnastics certainly depends on the morphological characteristics of the athletes, some of which are basic body height and weight. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in body
height and weight between the male and female participants on the Olympic Games from 199...
The subject sample was composed of N=293 gymnasts who competed at the 49th FIG Men's Senior Artistic Gymnastics World Championships (Stuttgart, GER) and N=134 gymnasts who competed at the 1st FIG Men's Junior Artistic Gymnastics World Championships (Gyor, HUN). This study aimed to determine the differences between the two age groups of gymnasts (ju...
Príspevok je zameraný na možnosti zaradenia niektorých prípravných
cvicení zamerané na základné cvicebné tvary z akrobacie. Prípravné
cvicenia sme zvolili pre 10 až 12 rocných žiakov so zameraním na
inovatívne gymnastické náradie zakúpené pre banskobystrické
základné školy. Inovatívne gymnastické náradie bolo zakúpené
Mestom Banská Bystrica pre vše...
ATIKOVIĆ, Almir, DELAŠ KALINSKI, Sunčica, KAMENJAŠEVIĆ, Edina. Početni i završni položaji tijekom učenja koluta naprijed i natrag // Zbornik radova 28. ljetne škole kineziologa Republike Hrvatske - Kineziologija i područja edukacije, sporta, sportske rekreacije i kineziterapije u razvitku hrvatskog društva / "Odgovor kineziologije na suvremeni nači...
The gymnastics vault is a apparatus characterised by a complex and very short movement which can be divided into seven important phases. The aim of our research was to determine correlation between vault start value and run-up velocity, first flight phase, table support, second flight phase. In the correlations matrix criteria variables from the Co...
Backgroundː Mini-trampoline exercise is becoming a very popular form of training. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of 15-week trampoline training on motor abilities parameters in boys who do not exercise regularly. Methodsː The subjects (13 years +/- 6 months) old boys were randomly allocated to one of two groups: trampoline trai...
The aim of this study was to determine another new variable in precision indicators Fitts low during the jump on springboard and placement foot on the springboard. The literature was searched to identify as relevant studies as possible through following the results from World Cup Qualification – men Ljubljana, 2000 (n=28) and World Championship Qua...
Relative age effect (RAE) is a worldwide phenomenon described as consequences of age variations between individuals competing in the same cohort. RAE is based on systems that use January 1 as a cutoff date, probably used to attempt to minimize developmental differences between ages and to ensure a more equitable competition. Previously, in artistic...
https://mega.nz/#!1Utxia7I!KFCithZEsfavJCkjDWWTTFUL_TcBYFaQEoDMb67infc
The aim of this research was to determine the effects of experimental short-term program of intensive training of alpine skiing techniques (experimental program) on morphological characteristics (body composition) of students. The sample is divided into an experimental group (31 males, age 21.4 ± 1 and body height 180.7 ± 6.3cm) beginners who were...
Backgroundː Mini-trampoline exercise is becoming a very popular form of training. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of 15-week trampoline training on vertical jump parameters in boys who do not exercise regularly. Methodsː The subjects (13 years +/-6 months) old boys were randomly allocated to one of two groups: trampoline trainin...
Abstract The study was conducted using the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the aim of this research is to determine the level of physical activity and differences among students, of the University of Tuzla, in relation to gender. The study was conducted on a sample of 813 students (321 male and 492 femal...
Purpose: The purpose of research was to determine important kinematic variables, which determine result in shot put of international level athlete. Athlete used rotational technique of shot put, which is very demanding from movement coordination point of view. Methods: With MVN Xsens dress with 17 accelerometers (data acquisition 120 Hz) we measure...
The main goal of a gymnast's career is participation in the Olympic Games (OG) at least once. Survey results determined a significant difference between genders in the number of gymnasts who competed in only one OG (277 males and 408 females); also, between those who consecutively participated in two OG (104 males and 70 females), three OG (28 male...
Many children become less active as they age which increases their risk of developing of chronic conditions. Traditional forms of physical activity may not be optimal for them. There is a need for more attractive form of training to try and increase physical activity levels and improve the fitness of children. The aim of this study was to determine...
The main goal of a gymnast’s career is participation in the Olympic Games (OG) at least once. Survey results determined a significant difference between genders in the number of gymnasts who competed in only one OG (277 males and 408 females); also, between those who consecutively participated in two OG (104 males and 70 females), three OG (28 male...
Women’s Artistic Gymnastics (WAG) competitions are determined by the rules of the Code of Points (CoP) which experience changes in each new Olympic Games (OG). One of the WAG CoP rules states that in the Vault Finals, gymnasts need to perform two different vaults.
The aim of this study was to determine the quality of the vault performances and the...
Purpose. Success in sports certainly depends on the morphological characteristics of the athletes, some of which are basic body height and weight, which are evaluated with respect to the current age of athletes. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in the body height and weight between the di...
The aim of research was to analysis development and age structure of male and female participants at the Olympic Games (OG) and World Championships (WC) from 2003 until 2016. The total number of analyzed WC participants in men's artistic gymnastics (MAG) was 2678 and the women's artistic gymnastics (WAG) was 1981; while at the OG in MAG 391 and in...
Study aim was to analyze the difference in motor abilities for assessing coordination in rhythm and frequency of movement, between those girls whose only physical activity is clasess of physical and health education at school and those which are for two or more years involved with aesthetic activities, ie. sports such as dances, rhythmic gymnastics...
The aim of research was to analysis development and age structure of male and female participants at the Olympic Games (OG) and World Championships (WC) from 2003 until 2016. The total number of analyzed WC participants in men's artistic gymnastics (MAG) was 2678 and the women's artistic gymnastics (WAG) was 1981; while at the OG in MAG 391 and in...
The aim of this study is to determine the differences between the medallists and non-medallists in male and female artistic gymnastics at the Olympic Games from 1996 to 2016. Basic procedures: Data concerning the athletes were obtained from the “Official documents of the International Olympic Committee” which include the athlete’s date of birth and...
The Olympic Games (OG) and World Championships (WC) represent the crown of each athlete's career, so it is the same with gymnasts. The aims of this study it was investigate the historical analysis of the chronological age trend of all participants of women's artistic gymnastics who have won medals in the period between 1928 and 2016 has been made....
The aim of this pilot study was to determine the metric characteristics of tests in 12-14 Years-Old Children. For the purpose of this study, a sample of 117 boys was measured. The respondents were selected from two schools in the city of Jelah and Tešanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The variables were composed of two motor tests of which two test were...
Physical inactivity and intensive sports activity have been found to be associated with Lower Back Pain - LBP. The aim of this study is to present the data about the prevalence of LBP in young adults and its associations with vitality, physical activity and emotions. We also studied the impact of low back pain on daily activity. The study sample pr...
BACKGROUND: Regular physical activity (PA) of moderate intensity, has significant benefits for health. To our knowledge, no previous studies have examined the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in a Bosnia and Herzegovina. The goal of this study is to present the data on prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in young adults and its association with PA....
BACKGROUND: Gymnastics requires a high level of flexibility, conditioning and complete body recruitment that is infrequently matched by
other sports. Artistic gymnastics has a relatively high incidence of injuries, which are generally of minor or medium severity. With all its complexity,
it poses a unique diagnostic and treatment challenge to medic...
The OG and WC represent the crown of each athlete’s career, so it is the same with gymnasts. The aims of this
study it was investigate the historical analysis of the chronological age trend of all participants of men’s artistic
gymnastics who have won medals in the period between 1896 and 2016 has been made. The examinees were
gymnasts who had won...
After Vault Qualifications (in C-I competition), the top eight scores, maximum two gymnasts from one national team, qualify for Vault Finals. During the Vault Finals, these top female vaulters need to perform two different vaults. The aim of this study was to determine: 1)trends of the Difficulty Scores (DS), Execution Scores (ES) and Total Scores...
Background: Physical inactivity and intensive sports activity have been found to be associated with LBP. The aim of this study is the presents the data about the prevalence of LBP in young adults and its associations with vitality, physical activity and emotions. We also studied the impact of low back pain on daily activity. The study sample presen...
Abstract
Despite the fact that they predominantly qualified as All-Around competitors for the Olympic Games in Beijing (OG2012), only about 61% of gymnasts competed All-Around in the Qualifying competition (C-I), while others competed on some or only on one apparatus. The smallest percentage of gymnasts competed the vault (70%); the apparatus on wh...
Vault is an apparatus that slightly differs from other in women’s artistic gymnastics in the way of judging, duration of performance, but also in the requirements for certain biomotor abilities of the competitors. Accordingly, the question of number of competitors in the Vault Qualifications arises. Of all the major competitions in the period from...
The aim of this study was to examine whether additional training protocol of isokinetic training results in increased biomechanical values of certain parameters and whether it increases functional correlation between speed and strength leading to improved performance of acrobatic elements in floor exercises. Additional training protocol, which last...
Despite the fact that they predominantly qualified as All-Around competitors for the Olympic Games in Beijing (OG2012), only about 61% of gymnasts competed All-Around in the Qualifying competition (C-I), while others competed on some or only on one apparatus. The smallest percentage of gymnasts competed the vault (70%); the apparatus on which the l...
Background:
Gymnastics requires a high level of flexibility, conditioning and complete body recruitment that is infrequently matched by other sports. Artistic gymnastics has a relatively high incidence of injuries, which are generally minor or medium. With its' complexity poses a unique diagnostic and treatment challenge to medical practitioners....
Background: The tensiomiography assessment offers information, in the time domain, regarding the following parameters: maximal radial deformation or displacement of the muscle belly, contraction time, reaction time, sustain time and relaxation time. The aim of this study is to provide information about muscle stiffness, the mechanic and contractile...
The main objective of this study was to obtain information on indicators of obesity among the unemployed male subjects from the Tuzla Canton. Also, we wanted to determine whether there are significant differences in the observed parameters between subjects in relation to age. The main criterion for the selection of test subjects is that they are un...
The primary objectives of the study is to quantify the injuries among students who attended the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Tuzla according to the study program (4 years) and to determine the, location of injury, sports affected the most and to provide evidence for the prevention. Sample was made of (n=53) male and (n=14)...
SUMMARY
The research was realized by case studies. The object of the research was 22 years old gymnast who graduated during two days two sets on the floor exercises with 30 minute rest. During the first measurement a gymnast inhaled the placebo and subsequently he did the assembly, then we measured the lactate during 1,3,7,15 and 23 minutes after t...
Our research is concerned with the development of motor skills limiting the running speed and explosive strength of legs. Research group was formed of boys aged 6-7 years from Gymnastic club ŠK UMB Banská Bystrica. The experimental stimulus in our study was athletic preparation. We used athletic techniques like running ABC, sprints, take-offs, jump...
The aim of this research is to determine the impact of specific motor knowledge of alpine skiing on success in giant slalom race of students. On a sample of 18 students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport there has been used set of four variables of specific motor knowledge of alpine skiing, as predictor variables, to determine the impac...
The article presents the results of a study whose purpose was to examine ways to reduce the incidence of sports injuries in adolescents engaged in gymnastics. A survey was conducted based on a non-random sample of 46 athletes in sports and rhythmic gymnastics. The self-report method (interviews) was applied and carried out in the context of an epid...
This study was carried out among undergraduate students at the University of Tuzla (Bosna and Herzegovina) with the objective of examining gender differences in the body mass index (BMI) and the level of Physical Activity (PA) among respondents.
This study was conducted to: determine the body mass index (BMI) and the average weekly number of hours...
According to the official curricula, teaching of some gymnastics skills should be implemented in physical education in elementary school. However, due to various restriction factors, and mostly because of the inappropriate material conditions, the teaching of gymnastics skills is absent. Apart from the school system, teaching and training of struct...
The main aim of this study was to determine the correlation of motor knowledge of acrobatic elements with successful performance of parallel turns in alpine skiing. An additional aim was to determine whether there is a difference between groups divided on the basis of knowledge of alpine skiing. The research was conducted on a sample of 27 students...
Objective: To determine the incidence of injuries in artistic gymnastics and the starting points to provide
a better orientation for further research studies.
Source of searching: For the overview of previous research, I made queries in these electronic databases:
Mreznik NUK, PubMed, Google Scholar. I only used full articles published from 1989 to...
Objective: To determine the incidence of injuries in artistic gymnastics and the starting points to provide
a better orientation for further research studies.
Source of searching: For the overview of previous research, I made queries in these electronic databases:
Mreznik NUK, PubMed, Google Scholar. I only used full articles published from 1989 to...
Predmet teorija i metodika sportske gimnastike je sastavni dio predmeta univerzitetskog visokoškolskog studija na Fakultetu za tjelesni odgoj i sport Univerziteta u Tuzli. Predmet je sastavljen iz teoretskog i praktičnog dijela. Studenti bi trebali sa slušanjem predavanja i izvođenjem vježbi pri predmetu dobiti sljedeće opće i specifične kompetenci...
The main goal of this paper is a comparison of the percentagewise presence of the scores by the quality levels from the C.I. competition. Establishment of the differences between certain apparatus, competitions and judges' commissions stems from the set goal. There is a big difference in the variability of results at Olympic Games, World and Europe...
On a sample of 176 male gymnasts, we analyzed the score of judges from the World Championship in men's artistic gymnastics, held 2009 in London. The subject of the analysis were the final scores competitors got for the exercises shown in the qualifying competition (C I). Analysis problem was determination of the differences on individual apparatus...
Na uzorku od 176 gimnastičara, analizirane su ocjene studija sa Svjetskog prvenstva u muškoj sportskoj gimnastici, koje se je održalo u Londonu 2009. godine. Predmet analize je kvalitet ocjenjivanja sudija u kvalifikacijama (C I) na osnovu važećeg pravilnika za ocjenjivanje Međunarodne gimnastičke federacije (C I). Problem je bio određivanje razlik...
The aim of this study was to determine how children in Tuzla Canton travel to school and from school to home, what do children think about how much walking to school and from school to home is good for them. The sample consisted of randomly selected of children N=169 (school girls 90 girls and 79 boys) from elementary school in Tuzla canton, chrono...
The aim of the paper is to define which biomechanical parameters explain and define the difficulty vault value. The study sample included 64 vaults from the Code of Points (COP) of the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG, 2009). The dependent variable included all difficulty values ranging from 2-7.2 points, while the sample of independent var...
Disproportion is an omnipresent occurrence typical for both man and the natural world. Everything that is not identical on both sides of the axis can be considered disproportionate. Explosive (speed) power represents the ability of placing the maximum amount of energy in one movement in the shortest period of time possible. Basketball is comprised...
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship and effect be-tween mechanical output in maxmium vertical and horizontal jumping students 3 year of Faculty of PE and Sport, University of Tuzla. On the sample consisted of female (n=30) and male students (n=37). Sample of depenedent variables were drop jumps from 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 cm. A s...
According to the Code of Points (FIG, 2009) the balance beam difficulty value is determined by the sum of maximum 8 most difficult elements (including the dismount), fulfilling 5
composition requirements and by the values that exceed from the connections between the acrobatic elements, turns and acro-rhythmic elements. The aim of this study was to...
The main objective of the study is to determine differences between male and female gymnasts in 4 mechanical variables during the qualification C.1 Aarhus (Denmark) 2006 in Artistic Gymnastics World Championships. On a sample of 449 gymnasts (44 MAG vault and 34 WAG vault) only 13 vaults are performed the same by men and women. During World Champio...
With the new FIG Code of Points for men (2006) based on the philosophy of open ended difficulty score, point advantages have been given, again, to those who are in search for and willing to perform new elements. Each element in the Code of Points can be developed by changing its start and its final position, the start and the final grip with the ap...
In this paper we used program content of the artistic gymnastics floor elements (forward roll). Artistic gymnastics as a polystructural, complex and acyclic sport undergoing under the influence of own energy sources, in grate deal positively influences general body development. It is necessary to approach the realization of artistic gymnastics prog...
With new FIG Code of points for men (2006), with philosophy of open ended difficulty score, were given again point advantages to those who were in search and to perform new elements. Each element in Code of points can be developed by changing start or final position, start or final grip with the apparatus, body position during the element, by addin...
Artistic gymnastics is discipline with primary application adopting technique difference specific exercieses. Than mean, learning new, compexed and complicated elements is everyday princip traning proces. Aims and tasks new elemnts is present to the gymnastics world with gymnast who preforming that element, and for that attach and get descive suppo...
Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se ustanovi kakvo je stanje između očekivanog (poželjnog) i stvarnog stanja uvježbavanja elemenata gimnastike na satima tjelesnog i zdravstvenog odgoja te, da se utvrde razlozi koji su doveli do tog stanja. Za društvo je vrlo važno da se utvrdi da li se provodi ono što su društvene strukture propisale kao nastavni plan...
FIG rules are orientated towards changes every few years. One of the objective way to determine start value of the vault is to use biomechanics characteristics of vault. Runway velocity is the most important parameter for vaulting, as during runway gymnast rises his linear and angular momentum to the need of his vault. Some previous research showed...
Artistic gymnastics is discipline with primary application adopting technique difference specific exercieses. Than mean, learning new, compexed and complicated elements is everyday princip traning proces. New element we must think, and after that preform in practice. Aims and tasks new elemnts is present to the gymnastics world with gymnast who pre...
With new FIG Code of points for men (2006), with philosophy of open ended difficulty score, were given again point advantages to those who were in search and to perform new elements. Each element in Code of points can be developed by changing start or final position, start or final grip with the apparatus, body position during the element, by addin...