Allan Hruska

Michigan State University | MSU · International Studies and Programs (ISP)

Four experiments were conducted in Nicaragua over a 3-yr period to determine the effect of whorl-stage infestations of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) and Diatraea lineolata (Walker) on maize grain yields. The experiments separated the effects of period of infestation from level of infestation. Results from all experiments demonstrated that mai...

Guía para el manejo agroecológico de café en mesoamerica

The fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a crop pest species that has become global, having spread from its native American distribution to Africa and Asia since 2016. Its rapid spread, plus concerns about potential yield losses, have led to the search for sustainable management options. While most farmers affected by FAW in America have...

China and the United States have found a common cause in the global fall armyworm program at the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization. Global food production could be permanently changed.

When FAW arrives, many governments and farmers first think of eradicating the pest. Newly invasive pests can sometimes be completely eliminated, but FAW has several characteristics that make eradication extremely difficult. First, FAW is very mobile. Adult moths can travel 100 km in a night, and individuals can fly over 1 000 km in a lifetime. Seco...

Prevent Sustainable management of Fall Armyworm (FAW) starts with prevention. While it is very difficult to completely eliminate FAW from fields, there are actions that farmers can take before or when planting their fields to reduce infestation and impact of FAW in their crops. Some key first steps include: \ Use high quality seed. The seed should...

Abstract EFSA was asked for a partial risk assessment of Spodoptera frugiperda for the territory of the EU focussing on the main pathways for entry, factors affecting establishment, risk reduction options and pest management. As a polyphagous pest, five commodity pathways were examined in detail. Aggregating across these and other pathways, we esti...

Prevent Sustainable management of Fall Armyworm (FAW) starts with prevention. While it is very difficult to completely eliminate FAW from fields, there are actions that farmers can take before or when planting their fields to reduce infestation and impact of FAW in their crops. Some key first steps include: \ Use high quality seed. The seed should...

Legumes play a key role in food and nutritional security (FNS) for millions of people around the world, with an estimated 50 million family farmers producing, consuming and marketing (low-scale) legumes in a traditional way. At its 68th session in 2013, the General Assembly of the United Nations declared 2016 as the International Year of Legumes. T...

Esta publicación presenta una sinopsis de los trabajos y ponencias sobre agroecología del café ofrecidos en los talleres, confi ando que sean de utilidad a los distintos actores que trabajan por el desarrollo sostenible del cultivo de café en Mesoamérica.

Coffee rust is a leaf disease caused by the fungus, Hemileia vastatrix. Coffee rust epidemics, with intensities higher than previously observed, have affected a number of countries including: Colombia, from 2008 to 2011; Central America and Mexico, in 2012–13; and Peru and Ecuador in 2013. There are many contributing factors to the onset of these e...

The “formal” seed systems in Mesoamerica function only for a limited portion of farmers. The systems were designed to respond to large commercial farmers and the businesses that attend them, providing a very limited number of varieties (sometimes hybrids) of a limited number of crops through a limited number of businesses. Over the last fifteen yea...

SEMINARIO CIENTIFICO INTERNACIONAL MANEJO AGROECOLÓGICO DE PLAGAS Y ENFERMEDADES DEL CAFÉ

Conservation agriculture has been adopted and is being practiced by over 6,000 peasant farmers in Lempira Sur, in southern Honduras. The Food and Agriculture Organization has been supporting these efforts for over twenty years. Key to this large-scale and long-lasting adoption of conservation agriculture in southern Honduras is the role played by l...

Una orientación general para que las autoridades y profesionales responsables del registro de los plaguicidas puedan direccionar sus acciones como decisores, de manera de mejorar la prosición de los países de Centroamérica en estas materias.

The Global Fund to fight AIDS Tuberculosis and Malaria recently released a progress report for its first 30 months. The Fund has made pledges of US$5.4 million through 2008 and has committed $3.1 billion to almost 300 2-year programmes in nearly 130 countries over four rounds of grants and is on schedule to disburse nearly $1 billion to over 200 pr...

To assess the impact of training resource-poor maize farmers on the Pacific Plain of Nicaragua in the use of integrated pest management (IPM), 1,200 farmers received training during two years. CARE trained 13 extensionists and they provided intensive training to 60 promoter-farmers, who trained the 1,200 farmers. The farmers were trained in: the da...

Farmer Field School Trainers' Guide from 2000 Training in El Salvador (in Spanish).

Field populations of Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), Plutella xylostella (L.), Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) were tested for resistance to several insecticides commonly used in Nicariagua. Assays were conducted to estimate the LD50s or LC50s and the corresponding resistance ratios. A diagnostic c...

To determine the effect that the timing of infestation of Dalbulus maidis (DeLong &Wolcott), a vector of 3 maize pathogens, known collectively as "achaparramiento," has on stunt symptoms and maize yield, we conducted a field trial in the Sebaco Valley of Central Nicaragua. Achaparramiento has caused severe yield losses in maize throughout Central A...

Workshop proceedings

The incidence of maize stunt diseases, or achaparramiento, rose in Nicaragua from an insignificant level to national crisis proportions, then declined to insignificant levels again, all in the space of 10 yr. The 3 pathogens that cause achaparramiento, corn stunt spiroplasma, maize bushy stunt phytoplasma, and maize ray ado fino virus are transmitt...

An international workshop was held in May 1996 to analyze and make recommendations for the risk analysis of the use of transgenic crops in Mesoamerica. The proceedings present the results of the workshop and provide useful information for anyone specifically concerned with the deployment of crops containing transgenes for pest resistance or more br...

Field experiments were conducted and an extension program implemented to help resource-poor maize farmers in Nicaragua reduce their insecticide use. The field studies determined the impact of timing and level of infestation on the three important maize pests, Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott), Spopotera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), and Diatraea lineol...

CARE International implemented Integrated Pest Management and Pesticide Reduction activities and approved a Pesticide Policy based on these experiences. This publication compiles those experiences and includes CARE's Pesticide Policy.

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the usefulness of the Northwestern Nicaraguan Ministry of Health surveillance system for detecting pesticide poisonings. Cases were reported to the regional department of epidemiology through daily telephone reports and through monthly consolidated reports from each of the 18 health centers of the Nation...

Changes in Government pesticide policy in Nicaragua from 1985 to 1989 (elimination of the 98% subsidy for pesticides) dramatically changed incentives for pesticide use and reduced pesticide use among smallholders.

Today cyanogenic glucosides are considered as a textbook example of defensive plant secondary compounds. Harborne (1982) in a recent text on biochemical ecology states that "There is good evidence that cyanogenesis provides partial, if not complete, protection from predation by a wide spectrum of animal species." Despite the now accepted view of cy...

The effect of period and level of infestation by the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on irrigated maize, Zea mays L., yield was determined. Two applications of the insecticide chlorpyriphos (336 g[ai]/ha) applied directly to the whorl produced yields equivalent to treatments with three applications...

In fields of bean Phaseolus vulgaris and tomato Lycopersicon esculentum in Costa Rica, Auchenorryncha were the most common herbivores, constituting 45.4-78.3% of collected individuals over the course of the season. Increased interspecific diversity positively affected overall auchenorrynchous insect numbers. Empoasca kraemeri (Homoptera: Cicadellid...

We tested the null hypothesis that diameter class transitions over a 40-year period (1940–1980) in an even-aged mixed Pinusresinosa Ait. – Pinusstrobus L. stand represent a stationary Markov process. Transition probabilities were constructed from growth data on 202 trees ≥ 5.1 cm DBH in a 0.4-ha permanent plot. For each species, a diameter distribu...

The alligatorweed flea beetle, Agasicles hygrophila Selman & Vogt, is an important biological control agent of alligatorweed, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. in Florida. Beetles were introduced into the U.S. from their native Argentina in 1964. This report reports a new, more northern established population in Charleston County, South C...

We propose that one of the possible explanation for the existence of driptips in leaves is to reduce soil erosion.

(1) The growth, reproduction, and survivorship of cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) were studied in experimental plots of two densities (low and high) and two diversities (cucumber monocultures and polycultures of cucumbers, corn (Zea mays) and broccoli (Brassica oleracea)). (2) Both density and diversity strongly affected plant growth and reproduction,...

Classically succession is thought of as the orderly, gradual change in vegetation types (Clements 1916) eventually leading to a climax community which will be stable to perturbation. These patterns of change have been noted in an old field situation and in an abandoned building site. This study was conducted to update the regetation-succession stud...

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/53230/1/1664.pdf

Thesis (Ph. D.)--North Carolina State University. Includes bibliographical references. Includes vita.

Typescript. Thesis (M.S.)--Duke University, 1984. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.