Aljoscha C. Neubauer

Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz | KFU Graz · Differential Psychology

In the present article, we explore prospects for using artificial intelligence (AI) to distribute cognition via cognitive offloading (i.e., to delegate thinking tasks to AI-technologies). Modern technologies for cognitive support are rapidly developing and increasingly popular. Today, many individuals heavily rely on their smartphones or other tech...

Zusammenfassung. Die menschliche Intelligenz gehört zu den bestuntersuchten psychologischen Merkmalen, in denen interindividuelle Differenzen bestehen. Die mehr als 100jährige Forschungsgeschichte hat einen hoch belastbaren Wissensstand hervorgebracht; dieser umfasst die Definition, die Psychometrie, die (ontogenetische) Entwicklung, die Struktur,...

Due to ongoing technological innovations, self-enhancement methods are publicly discussed, researched from different perspectives, and part of ethical debates. However, only few studies investigated the acceptance of these methods and its relationship with personality traits and values. The present study investigated to what extent people accept di...

Situational judgments tests (SJTs) offer many advantages over traditional trait questionnaires but often show low internal consistency, presumably due to heterogeneity of the underlying constructs (Lievens et al., 2008; Whetzel & McDaniel, 2009). Some have suggested test-retest-reliability (TRT) as better-suited reliability indicator for SJTs. Here...

Who is the best judge of a person’s abilities—the person, a knowledgeable informant, or strangers just met in a 3-min speed date? To test this, we collected ability measures as well as self-, informant- and stranger-estimates of verbal, numerical and spatial intelligence, creativity, and intra- and interpersonal emotional competence from 175 young...

Zusammenfassung. Studienplätze werden im deutschsprachigen Raum nach unterschiedlichen Kriterien vergeben, beispielsweise auf Basis schulischer Abschlussnoten oder Ergebnissen psychologischer Diagnostica, die eine Selbstselektion bewirken oder zur Fremdselektion eingesetzt werden. Die Studie vergleicht Möglichkeiten der Selektion und deren Validitä...

With the rise of new technologies, also human enhancement is widely discussed. Especially the philosophical movement “transhumanism” urges for creating “better humans” by applying different enhancement methods, namely: pharmacological, current-based, and genetic enhancement as well as mind uploading. While the first three aim at enhancing human cha...

How much do our partners, close friends, and acquaintances know about our abilities, as compared to ourselves? This registered report aimed to investigate asymmetries in these perspectives’ knowledge of a person’s verbal, numerical, and spatial intelligence, creativity, and intra- and interpersonal emotional abilities. We collected self-estimates a...

The current study presents the psychometric investigation of the Georgian translation of the HEXACO-PI-R-GE (Lee, & Ashton, 2018). Altogether, 2448 individuals across four independent samples participated in the standardization process of the instrument. The results show that the six-factor structure is replicated in the Georgian translation with l...

People’s perceptions of their intelligence correlate only moderately with objective intelligence measures. On average, people overestimate themselves. According to the popular Dunning–Kruger effect, this is particularly true for low performers: across many domains, those in the lowest quartile overestimate their abilities the most. However, recent...

How much do our partners, close friends, and acquaintances know about our abilities, as compared to ourselves? This registered report aimed to investigate asymmetries in these perspectives’ knowledge of a person’s verbal, numerical, and spatial intelligence, creativity, and intra- and interpersonal emotional abilities. We collected self-estimates a...

People’s perceptions of their intelligence correlate only moderately with objective intelligence measures. On average, people overestimate themselves. According to the popular Dunning-Kruger effect, this is particularly true for low performers: Across many domains, those in the lowest quantile overestimate their abilities the most. However, recent...

Who is the best judge of a person’s abilities—the person, a knowledgeable informant or strangers just met in a 3-min speed date? To test this, we collected ability measures as well as self-, informant- and stranger-estimates of verbal, numerical and spatial intelligence, creativity, and intra- and interpersonal emotional competence from 175 young a...

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a hot topic in society as it seems to extend and challenge human cognitive capacity. Yet, it is surprising that human intelligence research in particular and psychology in general has so far contributed very little to the ongoing debates on AI and the related philosophical movements of trans- and posthumanism. Transh...

Background and aim. Due to ongoing technological innovations, trans- and posthumanistic self-enhancement strategies are publicly discussed, researched from different perspectives, and part of ethical debates. However, only few studies investigated the acceptance of these strategies and its relationship with personality traits and values. The presen...

Are intelligent, creative, and emotionally competent people more desirable? Evolution-based theories and studies on the ideal partner suggest that they are. We aimed to assess whether verbal, numerical, and spatial intelligence, creativity, and intra- and interpersonal emotional competence are associated with higher real-life mate appeal. In speed...

Are intelligent, creative, and emotionally competent people more desirable? Evolution-based theories and cross-cultural studies on the ideal partner suggest that they are, with some differences between the sexes and between short-term (ST) and long-term (LT) relationships. However, research that went beyond hypothetical partners and that used psych...

Situational judgments tests (SJTs) offer many advantages over traditional trait questionnaires but often show low internal consistency, presumably due to heterogeneity of the assessed constructs (Lievens et al. 2008; Whetzel & McDaniel, 2009). Authors have suggested that test-retest-reliability (TRT) might be a better-suited measure for SJTs. Here,...

Abstract What does it mean to be happy? The vast majority of cross-cultural studies on happiness have employed a Western-origin, or “WEIRD” measure of happiness that conceptualizes it as a self-centered (or “independent”), high-arousal emotion. However, research from East�ern cultures, particularly Japan, conceptualizes happiness as including an in...

What does it mean to be happy? The vast majority of cross-cultural studies on happiness have employed a Western-origin, or “WEIRD” measure of happiness that conceptualizes it as a self-centered (or “independent”), high-arousal emotion. However, research from Eastern cultures, particularly Japan, conceptualizes happiness as including an interpersona...

Zusammenfassung. Nahezu die Hälfte der Studierenden an österreichischen psychologischen Instituten kommt aus dem Nachbarland Deutschland. Ein wesentlicher Grund dafür ist die dortige strenge Numerus Clausus-Selektion. Allerdings kehren viele dieser Studierenden nach einem Abschluss wieder in ihr Heimatland zurück, was zur Folge hat, dass Österreich...

Competencies to manage one's own and others' emotions are highly relevant in teacher education but to assess them in the context of a selection personality questionnaires are subject to faking. Situational judgment tests (SJTs) are considered to be less biased by faking, therefore we developed a novel SJT for emotion regulation that is implemented...

Objective The current exploratory study sought to examine dispositional optimism, or the general expectation for positive outcomes, around the world. Method Dispositional optimism and possible correlates were assessed across 61 countries (N = 15,185; mean age = 21.92; 77% female). Mean‐level differences in optimism were computed along with their r...

Background: The interrelation of interoception, cognitive appraisal of bodily signals and conscious self-regulatory behavior is insufficiently understood although it may be relevant for health and disease. Therefore, it was intended to develop a novel self-report measure targeting this link. Methods: Item development was theoretically based on t...

In several meta-analyses, self-estimates of abilities have been shown to correlate surprisingly low with individuals’ real (i.e., psychometrically assessed) abilities. We recently confirmed this in a study where we investigated the accuracy of self- and peer-estimates of six central abilities (verbal, numerical, spatial intelligence, interpersonal...

Es wird eine Längsschnittstudie vorgestellt, in der zwei Kohorten von Studierenden vom Aufnahmeverfahren beginnend über den Verlauf des Studiums bis in den Beruf begleitet werden. Über jeweils fünf Jahre hinweg sollen Studienerfolg und Praxiserfahrungen erhoben und in Beziehung zu den Ergebnissen des Aufnahmeverfahrens gesetzt werden. In diesem Bei...

An increasing body of research suggests that a person's intelligence affects his/her desirability as a partner, particularly for long-term (LT) relationships. Some studies report that women place more weight on intelligence than men do. There is also indication that creativity can predict a person's ST and LT mate appeal independently from intellig...

The relative importance of different factors in the development of human skills has been extensively discussed. Research on expertise indicates that focused practice may be the sole determinant of skill, while intelligence researchers underline the relative importance of abilities at even the highest level of skill. There is indeed a large body of...

Creative potential realized in creative achievement changes the world and defines progress. Accordingly, the investigation of factors that contribute to the process of achieving creative accomplishments seems essential. The relationship between creativity and personality was a thoroughly studied subject almost from the very beginning of creativity...

This article introduces a new scale for the assessment of Appreciation for Creative Personality (ACP). The ACP scale is a brief 13-item forced-choice measure that assesses interindividual differences in the preference for interacting with creative people. ACP is considered an important factor of creative climate at the level of interpersonal intera...

The International Journal for Research in Vocational Education and Training (IJRVET) is a double blind peer-reviewed journal for VET-related research. This journal provides full open electronic access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the science community and the public supports a greater global exchange of k...

It is a widely held view that “nobody knows you better than yourself.” However, the low validity of self-estimates of intelligence and other abilities indicated by a considerable body of research does not support this notion. Individuals overestimate themselves and do so particularly for domains in which they perform poorly (the so-called Dunning-K...

Seit 2014 wurde an der Universität Graz gemeinsam mit und für den „Verbund Aufnahmeverfahren“ ein einheitliches Aufnahme- und Auswahlverfahren für Bewerber/innen verschiedener Lehramtsstudien an Pädagogischen Hochschulen und Universitäten inhaltlich (mehrstufiges Verfahren), technisch (online Prüfung) und administrativ (standardisierte Durchführung...

The self–other knowledge asymmetry model (SOKA) assumes that some personality traits might be open to oneself and other persons (‘open area’), while other traits are more accurately perceived by others (‘blind spot’); a third group of traits might be visible only to oneself and not to others (‘hidden area’), and finally a trait might neither be vis...

The bandwidth-fidelity dilemma is a controversially discussed problem in personality measurement. In this study, we contrasted the utility of broad versus narrow personality traits in an admission exam for teacher students. We compared the Big Five and narrow personality constructs (social-communicative behavior, achievement behavior, health and re...

Context: We addressed the issue of person-job-fit by focussing on both professional success and work satisfaction. Publications studying the predictive validity of (cognitive) ability, personality, or vocational interest alone have shown relationships with professional success or work satisfaction for each predictor separately. Nevertheless, these...

The relationship between creativity and intelligence has been intensely studied, but still is not clearly understood. Here, we aimed to investigate how creativity and intelligence are related to the different levels of human needs hierarchy. 342 participants completed a battery of instruments for intelligence and creativity as well as inventories f...

The concept of emotional creativity is based on a social constructivist theory of emotion and refers to an individual's ability to experience and express novel, sincere, and effective mixtures of emotions. The present research examines the psychometric properties of the Georgian version of Emotional Creativity Inventory (G-ECI; Averill, 1999). 834...

The past decades have witnessed a huge interest in uncovering the neural bases of intelligence (e.g., Stelmack, & Houlihan, 1995; Stelmack, Knott, & Beauchamp, 2003). This study investigated the influence of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on fluid intelligence performance and corresponding brain activation. Previous findings sh...

This fMRI study investigated what brain processes contribute to the generation of new ideas. Brain activation was measured while participants generated new original object uses, recalled original object uses, or recalled common object uses. Post-scan evaluations were used to confirm what ideas were newly generated on the spot or actually retrieved...

Narcissistic grandiosity is characterized by overt expressions of feelings of superiority and entitlement, while narcissistic vulnerability reflects hypersensitivity and introversive self-absorbedness. Clinical evidence suggests that grandiosity is accompanied by vulnerable aspects, pointing to a common foundation. Subclinical personality research,...

This article introduces the Inventory of Creative Activities and Achievements (ICAA), a broad-based assessment of individual differences in real-life creativity. The ICAA provides independent scales for the frequency of engagement in everyday creative activity and the level of creative achievement across 8 creative domains. A formal test analysis b...

Subclinical narcissism is a personality trait with two faces: According to social-cognitive theories it is associated with grandiosity and feelings of superiority, whereas psychodynamic theories emphasize vulnerable aspects like fluctuating self-esteem and emotional conflicts. The psychodynamic view, however, is commonly not supported by self-repor...

Anecdotal reports link alcohol intoxication to creativity, while cognitive research highlights the crucial role of cognitive control for creative thought. This study examined the effects of mild alcohol intoxication on creative cognition in a placebo-controlled design. Participants completed executive and creative cognition tasks before and after c...

Erfolgreiche schulische Bildungsprozesse sind – neben den Lernvoraussetzungen von Schüler/innen – insbesondere auch vom Handeln der Lehrer/innen und damit auch von deren kognitiven und nicht-kognitiven Handlungsdispositionen abhängig. Damit kommt der Auswahl von Personen für Lehramtsstudien eine zentrale Rolle zu. Neben geeigneten Attrahierungsstra...

The associative theory of creativity states that creativity is associated with differences in the structure of semantic memory, whereas the executive theory of creativity emphasises the role of top-down control for creative thought. For a powerful test of these accounts, individual semantic memory structure was modelled with a novel method based on...

მოცემული კვლევის მიზანია შემოქმედებითი პოტენციალის საკვლევი ინსტრუმენტის ქართული ვერსიის ფსიქომეტრული მახასიათებლების განსაზღვრა . კვლევაში მონაწილეობას იღებდა 523 ინდივიდი (205 კაცი , 318 ქალი ; M=27,49 SD=12,49) . კვლევის შედეგების თანახმად , სანდოობის მაჩ ვენებლები აკმაყოფილებს ფსიქომეტრული ინსტრუმენტისთვის რეკომენდებულ მნიშვნელობას . ქართულ ვერ...

Presentation at the ISSID 2015

A crucial educational decision in adolescence is whether to continue attending secondary school or to start an apprenticeship. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of ability, personality, and interest with this decision of adolescents. We examined 358 eighth grade students. Path analysis was used to model the direct and indirect re...

An accurate judgement of the creativity of ideas is seen as an important component underlying creative performance, and also seems relevant to effectively support the creativity of others. In this article we describe the development of a novel test for the assessment of creativity evaluation skills, which was designed to be part of an admission tes...

A growing body of studies investigates emotional intelligence (EI) in relation to the Dark Triad (DT) personality traits. DT traits seem to be generally associated with lower EI, but findings are still inconsistent, especially with respect to narcissism. The vast majority of studies investigating EI correlates of DT traits relied on self-report mea...

Internal cognition like imagination and prospection require sustained internally directed attention and involve self-generated thought. This fMRI study aimed to disentangle the brain mechanisms associated with attention-specific and task-specific processes during internally directed cognition. The direction of attention was manipulated by either ke...

Dark Triad traits (narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism) are linked to the pursuit of short-term mating strategies but they may have differential effects on actual mating success in naturalistic scenarios: Narcissism may be a facilitator for men’s short-term mating success, while Machiavellianism and psychopathy may be detrimental. To date...

The brain’s default network (DN) has been a topic of considerable empirical interest. In fMRI research, DN activity is associated with spontaneous and self-generated cognition, such as mind-wandering, episodic memory retrieval, future thinking, mental simulation, theory of mind reasoning, and creative cognition. Despite large literatures on develop...

Much research has demonstrated that intelligence and conscientiousness have a high impact on individual school achievement. To figure out if other noncognitive traits have incremental validity over intelligence and conscientiousness, we conducted a study on 498 eighthgrade students from general secondary schools in Austria. Hierarchical regressions...

Zusammenfassung. Das Konzept der psychometrischen Intelligenz ist in der Öffentlichkeit sowie auch in Teilen der wissenschaftlichen Psychologie umstritten. Warum Intelligenz so große Abwehrreaktionen auslöst und wie die Begründungen für diese zum Stand der Intelligenzforschung stehen, wird in diesem Artikel behandelt. Dabei behandeln wir drei weit...

There is increasing research interest in the structural and functional brain correlates underlying creative potential. Recent investigations found that interindividual differences in creative potential relate to volumetric differences in brain regions belonging to the default mode network, such as the precuneus. Yet, the complex interplay between c...

This functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) study was designed to investigate changes in functional patterns of brain activity during creative ideation as a result of a computerized, 3-week verbal creativity training. The training was composed of various verbal divergent thinking exercises requiring participants to train approximately 20 min per day....

It is a central assumption in creativity theory that the creativity of an idea is defined by its novelty and usefulness. The present study examined this notion by investigating how the perceived novelty and usefulness actually contribute to the overall evaluation of creativity. We collected responses to a verbal and a figural divergent thinking tas...