Alina Maloyan

Alina Maloyan
Oregon Health & Science University | OHSU · Knight Cardiovascular Institute

Doctor of Philosophy

About

101
Publications
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9,282
Citations

Publications

Publications (101)
Article
Full-text available
Obesity is a chronic condition associated with dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Here, we show that the offspring of obese mothers are dyslipidemic and insulin resistant from the outset. Maternal and cord blood and placental tissues were collected following C-section at term. Patients were grouped as being normal weight (NW, BMI = 18–24.9) or ob...
Article
Full-text available
Maternal obesity programs the offspring to metabolic diseases later in life; however, the mechanisms of programming are yet unclear, and no strategies exist for addressing its detrimental transgenerational effects. Obesity has been linked to dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV), an adipokine, and treatment of obese individuals with DPPIV inhibitors has...
Article
Full-text available
Background About 30% of women entering pregnancy in the US are obese. We have previously reported mitochondrial dysregulation and increased inflammation in the placentae of obese women. Vitamin D (VitD) is a major player in calcium uptake and was shown to modulate mitochondrial respiration and the immune/inflammation system. Studies show decreased...
Article
Full-text available
Background/Objectives Intrauterine metabolic reprogramming occurs in mothers with obesity during gestation, putting the offspring at high risk of developing obesity and associated metabolic disorders even before birth. We have generated a mouse model of maternal high-fat diet-induced obesity that recapitulates the metabolic changes seen in humans b...
Article
Full-text available
Maternal obesity puts the offspring at high risk of developing obesity and cardio-metabolic diseases in adulthood. Here, we utilized a mouse model of maternal high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity that recapitulates metabolic perturbations seen in humans. We show increased adiposity in the offspring of HFD-fed mothers (Off-HFD) when compared to the o...
Preprint
Full-text available
Maternal obesity puts the offspring at high risk of developing obesity and cardio-metabolic diseases in adulthood. Here, using a mouse model of maternal high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, we show that whole body fat content of the offspring of HFD-fed mothers (Off-HFD) increases significantly from very early age when compared to the offspring reg...
Article
Full-text available
The continuous increase in cancer rates, failure of conventional chemotherapies to control the disease, and excessive toxicity of chemotherapies clearly demand alternative approaches. Natural products contain many constituents that can act on various bodily targets to induce pharmacodynamic responses. This study aimed to explore the combined antica...
Preprint
Full-text available
Plants within the Hypericaceae family have been traditionally used for their medicinal properties, showcasing a wide range of effects such as antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant qualities. Hypericum alpestre (HA) extracts have exhibited significant cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines. The phenolic compounds found in HA extracts hav...
Article
Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is highly prevalent and have been shown to be associated with mitochondrial impairment and increased cardiovascular and thrombotic risk. It is less understood how MS impacts venous thrombosis and thrombus resolution and the effect of sex as a biological variable on these processes. We hypothesize that mice with...
Preprint
Full-text available
In this study, the objective was to explore novel strategies for improving the efficacy of anticancer therapy. The focus was on investigating the antiproliferative effects of combining Rumex obtusifolius extract (RO) with the chemotherapeutic agent 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in non-small A549 lung cancer cells (NSCLC). Key factors such as the PI3K/Akt c...
Article
Conventional treatment methods are not effective enough to fight the rapid increase in cancer cases. The interest is increasing in the investigation of herbal sources for the development of new anticancer therapeutics. This study aims to investigate the antitumor capacity of Hypericum alpestre (H. alpestre) extract in vitro and in vivo, either alon...
Preprint
Full-text available
Intrauterine metabolic reprogramming occurs in obese mothers during gestation, putting the offspring at high risk of developing obesity and associated metabolic disorders even before birth. We have generated a mouse model of maternal high-fat diet-induced obesity that recapitulates the metabolic changes seen in humans born to obese women. Here, we...
Preprint
Full-text available
Conventional treatment methods are not effective enough to fight the rapid increase in cancer cases. The interest is increasing in the investigation of herbal sources for the development of new anticancer therapeutics. Particularly, much attention is given to finding combined phytochemical/chemotherapeutic treatment models to overcome drug resistan...
Preprint
Full-text available
Background: Conventional treatment methods are not effective enough to fight the rapid increase in cancer cases. The interest is increasing in the investigation of herbal sources for the development of new anticancer therapeutics. Particularly, much attention is given to finding combined phytochemical/chemotherapeutic treatment models to overcome d...
Article
Full-text available
Children born to obese mothers are prone to develop asthma and airway hyperresponsiveness, but the mechanisms behind this are unclear. Here we developed a mouse model of maternal diet-induced obesity that recapitulates metabolic abnormalities seen in humans born to obese mothers. Offspring of dams fed a high-fat diet (HFD) showed increased adiposit...
Article
Cancer continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide, making the development of new treatment methods crucial in the fight against it. With cancer incidence rates increasing worldwide, ongoing research must focus on identifying new and effective ways to prevent and treat the disease. The combination of herbal extracts with chemotherapeutic age...
Article
Full-text available
Background A decrease in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability has been shown to cause hyperglycemia, type II diabetes mellitus (DM), and chronic cardio-metabolic complications. In turn, hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia are associated with increased oxidative stress that leads to reduced nitric oxide bioavailability through disruption of L-argini...
Article
Full-text available
Poor maternal nutrition in pregnancy affects fetal development, predisposing offspring to cardiometabolic diseases. The role of mitochondria during fetal development on later-life cardiac dysfunction caused by maternal nutrient reduction (MNR) remains unexplored. We hypothesized that MNR during gestation causes fetal cardiac bioenergetic deficits,...
Article
Full-text available
In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monit...
Preprint
Full-text available
In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monit...
Preprint
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the PDF can be download freely on pubmed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33634751/
Cover Page
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In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monit...
Article
Full-text available
In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monit...
Article
Full-text available
Cardiac pumping depends on the morphological structure of the heart, but also on its subcellular (ultrastructural) architecture, which enables cardiac contraction. In cases of congenital heart defects, localized ultrastructural disruptions that increase the risk of heart failure are only starting to be discovered. This is in part due to a lack of t...
Article
Full-text available
Cardiac pumping depends on the morphological structure of the heart, but also on its subcellular (ultrastructural) architecture, which enables cardiac contraction. In cases of congenital heart defects, localized ultrastructural disruptions that increase the risk of heart failure are only starting to be discovered. This is in part due to a lack of t...
Article
Full-text available
Cardiac pumping depends on the morphological structure of the heart, but also on its subcellular (ultrastructural) architecture, which enables cardiac contraction. In cases of congenital heart defects, localized ultrastructural disruptions that increase the risk of heart failure are only starting to be discovered. This is in part due to a lack of t...
Preprint
Full-text available
Efficient cardiac pumping depends on the morphological structure of the heart, but also on its sub-cellular (ultrastructural) architecture, which enables cardiac contraction. In cases of congenital heart defects, localized sub-cellular disruptions in architecture that increase the risk of heart failure are only starting to be discovered. This is in...
Article
Multiscale Cardiac Imaging: From Whole Heart Images to Cardiac Ultrastructure - Volume 25 Supplement - Graham Rykiel, Claudia S. López, Jessica L. Riesterer, Melissa Williams, Katherine Courchaine, Alina Maloyan, Kent Thornburg, Sandra Rugonyi
Article
Perinatal exposure to maternal obesity promotes the development of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular (CVD) and metabolic diseases (T2DM) through a process known as developmental programming. The mechanisms of developmental programming are unclear. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) is a pathogenic aminopeptidase that is upregulated in individual...
Article
Full-text available
Despite the transient hyporeactivity of neonatal platelets, full-term neonates do not display a bleeding tendency, suggesting potential compensatory mechanisms which allow for balanced and efficient neonatal hemostasis. This study aimed to utilize small-volume, whole blood platelet functional assays to assess the neonatal platelet response downstre...
Article
Maternal obesity is associated with an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes that are likely mediated by compromised placental function that can be attributed to, in part, the dysregulation of autophagy. Aberrant changes in the expression of autophagy regulators in the placentas from obese pregnancies may be regulated by inflammatory process...
Article
Full-text available
Normal blood flow is essential for proper heart formation during embryonic development, as abnormal hemodynamic load (blood pressure and shear stress) results in cardiac defects seen in congenital heart disease (CHD). However, the detrimental remodeling processes that relate altered blood flow to cardiac malformation and defects remain unclear. Hea...
Article
Full-text available
Maternal obesity negatively impacts the placenta, being associated with increased inflammation, decreased mitochondrial respiration, decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and its receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TRKB). TRKB induction by 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) improves energy expenditure in an obesity anim...
Article
Poor maternal nutrition causes intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR); however, its effects on fetal cardiac development are unclear. We have developed a baboon model of moderate maternal undernutrition, leading to IUGR. We hypothesized that IUGR affects fetal cardiac structure and metabolism. Six control pregnant baboons ate ad-libitum (CTRL)) or...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Background: Poor fetal nutrition results in intrauterine growth restriction and in sex-dependent cardiac changes, potentially predisposing the offspring to later-life cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mitochondrial bioenergetics plays a key role in cardiac energy metabolism, growth, and function. Using our well-established non-human primate model of ma...
Article
Maternal obesity is associated with increased oxidative stress but decreased placental mitochondrial respiration and expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes I to V. Melatonin acts as an antioxidant and prevents oxidative stress-induced changes in cytotrophoblasts. Placentas were collected at term by cesarean delivery fr...
Article
Workshops are an important part of the IFPA annual meeting as they allow for discussion of specialized topics. At IFPA meeting 2016 there were twelve themed workshops, four of which are summarized in this report. These workshops addressed challenges, strengths and limitations of techniques and model systems for studying the placenta, as well as fut...
Article
Full-text available
Normal blood flow is essential for proper heart formation during embryonic development, as abnormal hemodynamic load (blood pressure and shear stress) results in cardiac defects seen in congenital heart disease. However, the progressive detrimental remodeling processes that relate altered blood flow to cardiac defects remain unclear. Endothelial–me...
Presentation
Full-text available
Acute treatment with 7,8 - Dihydroxyflavone improved mitochondrial respiration in syncytiotrophoblasts isolated from term placentas of obese women. Conversely, inhibition of the TRKB receptor diminished mitochondrial respiration in cells isolated from placentas of both lean and obese women.
Article
The incidence of maternal obesity and its co-morbidities (diabetes, cardiovascular disease) continues to increase at an alarming rate, with major public health implications. In utero exposure to maternal obesity has been associated with development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in the offspring as a result of developmental programming. T...
Article
Full-text available
In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring au...
Article
Full-text available
In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monit...
Article
Full-text available
An increasing number of women of reproductive age are obese which affects the continuum of pregnancy and is associated with an increased incidence of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, including preeclampsia, preterm birth, stillbirth, congenital anomalies, and macrosomia. Maternal obesity is associated with an increased incidence of metabolic an...
Article
Full-text available
A predisposing factor for development of the hyperglycemic state of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is obesity. We previously showed that increasing maternal obesity is associated with significant reductions in placental mitochondrial respiration. MicroRNA (miR)-143 has been previously shown to regulate the metabolic switch from oxidative phosp...
Article
Full-text available
Background: Maternal obesity is a major problem in obstetrics, and the placenta is involved in obesity-related complications via its roles at the maternal-fetal interface. We have recently shown a causative role for micro(mi)RNA-210, a so called 'hypoxamir' regulated by HIF-1α, in mitochondrial dysfunction in placentas from women with preeclampsia...
Presentation
Brain derived neurotrophic factor signaling through its cognate receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase b, was characterized in term placentas from lean and obese women.
Article
Obesity and preeclampsia are associated with increased inflammation and oxidative stress in the placenta. With preeclampsia greater inflammation, hypoxia and apoptosis were found in placentas of male vs female placentas. We find increased miR-210 expression, and associated decreased placental mitochondrial function with severe preeclampsia. We inve...
Article
Background: Poor fetal nutrient availability predisposes to adult cardiovascular disease (CVD). We have developed a fetal baboon model of maternal undernutrition resulting in Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) in both male and female fetuses (Li, et al, J Endocrinol, 2013). MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression throu...
Article
Full-text available
The placenta plays a key role in regulation of fetal growth and development and in mediating in utero developmental programming. Obesity, which is associated with chronic inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in many tissues, exerts a programming effect in pregnancy. We determined the effect of increasing maternal adiposity and of fetal sex on...
Article
In pregnancy fetal growth and development occur in a sexually dimorphic manner. Male and female fetuses respond differently to the intrauterine environment with males disproportionately suffering from perinatal morbidity and mortality. We have demonstrated placental dysfunction and sexually dimorphic responses in pregnancies complicated by severe p...
Article
Full-text available
Preeclampsia (PE) affects 5-8% of pregnancies and is responsible for 18% of maternal deaths in the US, and for long-term complications in mother and child. PE is an inflammatory state and may influence placental function in a sex-specific manner. We determined if there is a sexual dimorphism in the placental inflammatory and apoptotic responses in...
Article
Full-text available
Human and animal studies show that suboptimal intrauterine environments lead to fetal programming, predisposing offspring to disease in later life. Maternal obesity has been shown to program offspring for cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and obesity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules, which act as key regulators of numero...