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Introduction
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Publications
Publications (61)
Infectious diseases caused by fungi, viruses, or bacteria can have a profound impact on human cognition. This can be due to either direct spread to the central nervous system (CNS) or indirect neuroinflammation. Ultimately causing neuronal damage and even neurodegeneration. Deteriorations in cognition, such as poor encoding and attention deficits,...
Objective
Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) and cognitive impairment are severe complications following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neuroinflammation likely contributes, but the role of specific inflammatory mediators requires clarification. High‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an inflammatory cytokine released after brain injury that may be involved....
Neurotrauma plays a significant role in secondary injuries by intensifying the neuroinflammatory response in the brain. High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1) protein is a crucial neuroinflammatory mediator involved in this process. Numerous studies have hypothesized about the underlying pathophysiology of HMGB1 and its role in cognition, but a definiti...
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease. The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles are the key players responsible for the pathogenesis of the disease. The accumulation of Aβ plaques and tau affect the balance in chemical neurotransmitters in the brain. Thus, the current review examined t...
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a form of acquired epilepsy that arises from traumatic brain injury (TBI). It presents a complex relationship with various neuropsychiatric comorbidities. TBIs alone can lead to brain damage, causing underlying disruptions in normal brain function and affecting cognition, behavior,
and emotional processing. The deve...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with an increased risk of developing Parkinson’s disease (PD), though the exact mechanisms remain unclear. TBI triggers acute neuroinflammation and catecholamine dysfunction post-injury, both implicated in PD pathophysiology. The long-term impact on these pathways following TBI, however, remains uncertain....
Background
Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) and cognitive impairment are severe complications following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Neuroinflammation likely contributes, but the role of specific inflammatory mediators requires clarification. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an inflammatory cytokine released after brain injury that may be involved...
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is now considered a global epidemic. Chronic diabetes conditions include type 1 and type 2 diabetes, both of which are normally irreversible. As a result of long‐term uncontrolled high levels of glucose, diabetes can progress to hyperglycaemic pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, retinopathy, nep...
Objective
A reliable seizure detection or prediction device can potentially reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with epileptic seizures. Previous findings indicating alterations in cardiac activity during seizures suggest the usefulness of cardiac parameters for seizure detection or prediction. This study aims to examine available studies...
Huntington’s disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disease, normally starts in the prime of adult life, followed by a gradual occurrence of psychiatric disturbances, cognitive and motor dysfunction. The daily performances and life quality of HD patients have been severely interfered by these clinical signs and symptoms until the last stage of neuronal...
Background
Neuroinflammation is an innate immunological response of the central nervous system that may be induced by a brain insult and chronic neurodegenerative conditions. Recent research has shown that neuroinflammation may contribute to the initiation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis and associated epileptogenesis.
Objective
This syst...
Background
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) impose significant financial and healthcare burden on populations all over the world. The prevalence and incidence of NDs have been observed to increase dramatically with age. Hence, the number of reported cases is projected to increase in the future, as life spans continues to rise. Despite this, there i...
Epilepsy is one of the most recognizable neurological diseases, globally. Epilepsy may be accompanied by various complications, including vision impairments, which may severely impact one's quality of life. These visual phenomena may occur in the preictal, ictal and/or postictal periods of seizures. Examples of epilepsy associated visual phenomena...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with persistent impairments in multiple domains, including cognitive and neuropsychiatric function. Previous literature has suggested that the risk of such impairments may differ as a function of the initial severity of injury, with moderate-severe TBI (msTBI) associated with more severe cognitive dysfunct...
Low-to-middle income countries (LMICs) in Southeast Asia (SEA) had the highest global traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, post-TBI rehabilitation care may be limited in these countries, thereby contributing to the poorer quality of life (QoL) of patients with TBI. The present systematic review aimed to elucidate the current status of post-TBI re...
The gut taxonomical profile is one of the contributory factors in maintaining homeostasis within the central nervous system (CNS). Of late, the efficacy of diet as a target of treatment, and how various dietary interventions may modulate gut microbiota differently have been an area of focus in research. The role of ketogenic diet (KD) in particular...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a debilitating acquired neurological disorder that afflicts nearly 74 million people worldwide annually. TBI has been classified as more than just a single insult because of its associated risk toward various long-term neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. This risk may be triggered by a series of postinjury...
Epilepsy is a devastating neurological disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. It creates a substantial financial, emotional, and physical burden on the patient, their families, and economically to a country. Common anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), currently prescribed to epileptic patients, are ineffective in alleviating their burden. Thus...
Background
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a devastating neurological outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI), which may negatively impact the quality of life of patients with TBI, and may impose a huge socioeconomic burden. This burden may be due to long-term functional outcomes associated with PTE, particularly cognitive dysfunction. To date, th...
Epilepsy is a debilitating disorder that affects about 70 million people in the world currently. Most patients with epilepsy (PWE) often reported at least one type of comorbid disorder. These may include neuropsychiatric disorders, cognitive deficits, migraine, cardiovascular dysfunction, systemic autoimmune disorders and others. Current treatment...
Background
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule that plays an important role in the repair and regeneration of tissue injury. It also acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine through the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), to elic...
Background:
Epilepsy is a devastating neurological disorder that affects nearly 70 million people worldwide. Epilepsy causes uncontrollable, unprovoked and unpredictable seizures that reduce the quality of life of those afflicted, with 1-9 epileptic patient deaths per 1000 patients occurring annually due to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUD...
Epilepsy is a devastating neurological disorder. Current anti-convulsant drugs are only effective in about 70% of patients, while the rest remain drug-resistant. Thus, alternative methods have been explored to control seizures in these drug-resistant patients. One such method may be through the utilization of fruit phytochemicals. These phytochemic...
Over the decades, various interventions have been developed and utilized to treat epilepsy. However, majority of epileptic patients are often first prescribed with anti-epileptic drugs (AED), now known as anti-seizure drugs (ASD), as a first line of defense to suppress their seizures and regain their quality of life. ASDs exert their anti-convulsan...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) perpetuates lifelong and dynamic e`ects on health
and wellbeing. Accumulated past decades on TBI have brought up recognition that many patients do not stop developing into long term complications
after the acute period and initial recovery from TBI. Extensive research has
been directed to identifying various targets and...
One of the most detrimental outcomes of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is
post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), resulting in unprovoked, uncontrollable and
recurrent seizures. PTE creates a huge financial and quality of life burden on
TBI patients. Despite its increasing prevalence, the pathological relationship
between PTE and TBI remains unclear. Moreover...
Introduction. Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is one of the detrimental outcomes of traumatic brain injury (TBI), resulting in unprovoked recurrent seizures which impacts heavily on the quantity of life. However, the pathological relationship between PTE and TBI remains unclear, and commonly prescribed anti-epileptic drugs (AED) are ineffective again...
Epilepsy is a debilitating disorder of uncontrollable recurrent seizures that occurs
as a result of imbalances in the brain excitatory and inhibitory neuronal signals, that
could stem from a range of functional and structural neuronal impairments. Globally,
nearly 70 million people are negatively impacted by epilepsy and its comorbidities.
One such...
Epilepsy is a result of unprovoked, uncontrollable, and repetitive outburst of abnormal and excessive electrical discharges, known as seizures, in the neurons. Epilepsy is a devastating neurological condition that affects 70 million people globally. Unfortunately, only two-thirds of epilepsy patients respond to antiepileptic drugs while others beco...
Abstract: Epilepsy is characterized by an imbalance in neurotransmitter activity; an increased excitatory to an inhibitory activity. Acetylcholine (ACh), serotonin, and norepinephrine (NE) may
modulate neural activity via several mechanisms, mainly through its receptors/transporter activity and alterations in the extracellular potassium (K+) concen...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) perpetuates lifelong and dynamic effects on health and well‐being. Most of the animal models previously developed to study the TBI pathophysiology were focused mainly on mammalian animal model. Despite of all the contributions that they offered, these mammalian animal models have some drawback such as huge sample size n...
Dysbiosis of gut microbiota may lead to a range of diseases including neurological disorders. Thus, it is hypothesized that regulation of the intestinal microbiota may prevent or treat epilepsy. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the evidence investigating the relationship between gut microbiota and epilepsy and possible intervent...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. In 2009, the National Trauma Database Malaysia reported that nearly 80% of traumas in the population were caused by road traffic accidents, with 64% of these cases related to TBI. Despite these concerning reports, TBI reporting systems and research are still limited in...
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is one of the detrimental outcomes of traumatic brain injury (TBI), resulting in recurrent seizures which impact daily life. However, the pathological relationship between PTE and TBI remains unclear, and commonly prescribed anti-epileptic drugs (AED) are ineffective against PTE. Fortunately, emerging research implicat...
s of March, most of the world is under the order of a “lockdown” or “restricted movement control” whereby world leaders and medical experts believe that social isolation is the best option at reducing the spread of the highly infectious and novel disease, that is Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). While this preventive measure is in place, various dia...
Increasingly, it is being recognised that traumatic brain injury (TBI) is not just an acute event but instead results in ongoing neuronal injury that may lead to chronic impairments in multiple cognitive domains. Of these, deficits in executive function are one of the more common changes reported following TBI, and are a major predictor of well-bei...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common risk factor for later neurodegeneration, which can manifest as dementia. Despite this, little is known about the time-course of development of functional deficits, particularly cognitive and neuropsychiatric impairments, and whether these differ depending on the nature of the initiating insult. Therefore, th...
There is a gap between traditional knowledge, experimental proof and translational
research into clinical studies for acceptance of traditional medicine. They are restricted
by the quality of trials, flaws in study design and other important criteria that may
affect their success as a clinically accepted drug. This article provides a summary of
pot...
A history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is linked to later neurodegeneration, with a key feature accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau. Tau is a microtubule stability protein that undergoes frequent cycles of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation due to kinases and phosphatase activity. Hyperphosphorylation of tau destabilizes microtubules inte...
TBI is a significant risk factor for the development of dementia, with the interaction between structural damage from TBI and neuroinflammation potentially driving this relationship. This study investigated the early chronic post-TBI neuroinflammatory response and its relationship to both neurodegenerative pathology and functional impairment up to...
A small but significant proportion of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) sufferers will report persistent symptoms, including depression, anxiety and cognitive deficits, in the months, or even years, following the initial event. This is known as post-concussion syndrome and its pathogenesis is not yet known. This study sought to investigate the rol...
A history of repeated concussion has been linked to the later development of neurodegeneration, which is associated with the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau and the development of behavioral deficits. However, the role that exogenous factors, such as immune activation, may play in the development of neurodegeneration following repeated mild...
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of disability and death worldwide, affecting as many as 54-60 million people annually. TBI is associated with significant impairments in brain function, impacting cognitive, emotional, behavioral and physical functioning. While much previous research has focused on the impairment immediately followi...
Reverse Pharmacology (RP) is a science of integrating documented experiential hits, into leads by transdisciplinary exploratory studies and further developing into drug candidates by experimental research. RP enhances the connection, communication and collaboration between modern sciences and technology with traditional medicine and modern biomedic...
Epilepsy affects the neuronal activity of our brain and leads to the development of behavioral disorders such as depression and anxiety. Epilepsy-induced anxiety is a debilitating disorder that burdens almost 45% of the global population and has a severe impact on the quality of life led by the patients. This disorder affects men, women, children,...
Epilepsy is the third most common neurological disorder, following stroke and Alzheimer’s disease with the highest frequency of newly identified cases occurring among children and adults. About 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy, and nearly 80% of epilepsy occurs in developing countries including Malaysia. In Malaysia, epilepsy is still a hi...
Questions
Questions (2)
I've stored my rat brains in 10% NBF for months now and will only be cyrosectioning them next year. I replace the 10% NBF every four months to avoid bacterial/fungal growth. I plan to do the sucrose steps a couple of days before cutting them on the cyrostat next year. My question is does storing them this long affect the antigenicity of the tissue during IHC? If yes, what can I do to avoid or rectify it? Is there a step I should do before I start my IHC on the tissue sections?
I'm planning to dissect out the striatum, hippocampus and SN from one half of the whole rat brain (which has been seperated left and right) and placed in cryotubes and frozen at -80 degrees.
But I can't figure out a way to dissect the areas needed after thawing it out from the -80 and placing it in a petri dish with PBS. When I tried, it took too much time and the tissue started to degrade (mushy). I need a protocol that will require less time but still able to get viable areas for western blots.
A video or diagram to do this will be a great help as well.
Please help.
THANK YOU
