About
272
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Introduction
I am a medical anthropologist working as emeritus at TransVIHMI, IRD, CRCF, in Dakar, Senegal. My main topics are the social dimensions of emerging and re-emerging epidemics including Ebola and HIV, the interface between control and care at the global and local levels, pharmaceuticals and "vulnerability" (in IDUs and women), critical anthropology of public health. I work mainly in West Africa (Senegal, Guinea, Burkina Faso). My CV is on https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4268-2818
Current institution
Additional affiliations
French Research Institute for Sustainable Development
Position
- Research Director
Publications
Publications (272)
Objectives
The tremendous size of the 2013-2016 West African outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) resulted in a sizeable population of survivors, many reporting short-term sequelae such as arthralgia and myalgia. We aimed to examine the occurrence of chronic musculoskeletal (MS) pain among survivors.
Methods
We performed a cross-sectional study f...
Vaccination is one of the most recognised strategies in public health for preventing the spread of epidemics, and the availability of a vaccine is often expected by health actors to be a ‘game-changer’. However, the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) vaccine in Senegal was not the magic bullet that the international community expected. A very low...
Background
Consultations for sexually transmitted infection (STI) provide an opportunity to offer HIV testing to both patients and their partners. This study describes the organisation of HIV self-testing (HIVST) distribution during STI consultations in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) and analyse the perceived barriers and facilitators associated with the...
Résumé
La pandémie de Covid a rappelé la nécessité de se préparer aux épidémies et pandémies et de prendre en compte leurs dimensions sociopolitiques en développant des approches socio-anthropologiques et interdisciplinaires. Après la crise, le défi est celui de l'opérationnalité. Comment rendre davantage visibles ces dimensions? Comment faire conn...
In May 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that Covid-19 is no longer a health emergency. Now that the world is in this new period of living with the coronavirus, it is an important time to gather knowledge gained from our experiences. Over 50 researchers from 25 countries across six continents have come together to share the key le...
Introduction
HIV epidemics in Western and Central Africa (WCA) remain concentrated among key populations, who are often unaware of their status. HIV self-testing (HIVST) and its secondary distribution among key populations, and their partners and relatives, could reduce gaps in diagnosis coverage.
We aimed to document and understand secondary HIVST...
In 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the addition of Disease X, a hypothetical infectious threat, to its blueprint list of priority diseases. In the construction of discourse that circulated following this announcement, conceptions of Disease X intersected with representations of Africa. In our article, we share a broad strokes an...
Background
In West Africa, female sex workers are at increased risk of HIV acquisition and transmission. HIV self-testing could be an effective tool to improve access to and frequency of HIV testing to female sex workers, their clients and partners. This article explores their perceptions regarding HIV self-testing use and the redistribution of HIV...
Global debates about vaccines as a key element of pandemic response and future preparedness in the era of Covid-19 currently focus on questions of supply, with attention to global injustice in vaccine distribution and African countries as rightful beneficiaries of international de-regulation and financing initiatives such as COVAX. At the same time...
This article shares findings on COVID-19 in Africa across 2020 to examine concepts and practices of epidemic preparedness and response. Amidst uncertainties about the trajectory of COVID-19, the stages of emergency response emerge in practice as interconnected. We illustrate how complex dynamics manifest as diverse actors interpret and modify appro...
Les épidémies sont de plus en plus fréquentes et globalisées. Les dimensions sociales, politiques et culturelles conditionnent les émergences et déterminent l'efficacité des réponses médico-techniques telles que la vaccination. Or, ces aspects sont trop peu pris en compte, en partie du fait des difficultés d'accès aux connaissances en sciences soci...
Since 2019, the ATLAS project, coordinated by Solthis in collaboration with national AIDS programs, has introduced, promoted and delivered HIV self-testing (HIVST) in Côte d'Ivoire, Mali and Senegal. Several delivery channels have been defined, including key populations: men who have sex with men, female sex workers and people who use injectable dr...
Background
Insufficient long-term data are available on antibody kinetics in survivors of Ebola virus disease (EVD). Likewise, few studies, with very small sample sizes, have investigated cross-reactions between Ebolavirus spp. In this study, we aimed to assess the humoral antibody response and its determinants in survivors of EVD and assess cross-...
Résumé
La pandémie de COVID-19 a eu un impact sur le fonctionnement des systèmes de santé dont les modes d’adaptation et de réponse sur le terrain sont encore peu documentés et en cours d’évolution. Le Centre de Prise en charge Intégrée des Addictions de Dakar (CEPIAD) met en œuvre depuis 2014 la réduction des risques auprès d’usagers de drogues. L...
In March 2020, in the midst of the covid-19 pandemic, Luca Fusco, his son Stefano, and son’s companion Arianna Dalba created a Facebook page dedicated to the memory of Luca’s father, Stefano’s grandfather, who had died of covid-19. The purpose of the page was to pay tribute to him, as funerals and any kind of commemoration had been banned nationall...
In March 2020, in the midst of the covid-19 pandemic, Luca Fusco, his son Stefano, and son’s companion Arianna Dalba created a Facebook page dedicated to the memory of Luca’s father, Stefano’s grandfather, who had died of covid-19. The purpose of the page was to pay tribute to him, as funerals and any kind of commemoration had been banned nationall...
During the 2013-2016 West African Ebola epidemic, medical emergency response teams negotiated a context marked by public hysteria and fear to prevent the spread of the virus and treat those already infected. However, the presence and work of Ebola response teams added to suspicions provoked by the rapid increase in numbers of dead and dying and by...
The presentation describes and analyzes the experience of treating addiction to injecting drugs in a medical facility in Senegal, considering the social and medical background of drug users.
The ecology of Ebola virus (EBV) remains largely unknown, but the previous detection of viral RNA and anti‐EBV antibodies in African bats suggests that they might play a role in the EBV reservoir. Moreover, African bats also carry other potentially zoonotic agents such as Henipah‐like viruses, coronaviruses and lyssaviruses. Today only little infor...
Comment, depuis plusieurs décennies, la recherche scientifique contribue-t-elle au développement des pays du Sud ? À travers plus de 100 succès emblématiques de la recherche en partenariat, cet ouvrage nous plonge au coeur des grandes questions de développement : oeuvrer pour des sociétés plus justes, lutter contre les maladies, faire face aux risq...
This scientific meetings taked place in march the 26th to 29th 2018, in the city of Ouidah, Benin. Through this international colloquium, we have discussed the multiple stakes surrounding pharmaceuticals in Africa today, with particular consideration of their markets, the political and economic actors which they mobilize, related instruments of reg...
Fondé en 1962 en zone rurale à 150 km de Dakar, en pays sereer, l’observatoire de Niakhar est le plus ancien observatoire de population en Afrique encore en activité. Au cœur d’une histoire scientifique et humaine originale, il a permis d’assurer, depuis sa création, le suivi sanitaire, démographique, social, économique et environnemental de plus d...
Introduction : Dans le contexte d’une épidémie, l’identification de cas suspects , parmi des cas alertes ou contacts , conduit à prendre en charge des personnes dont seulement une minorité deviendront des cas confirmés après un diagnostic de laboratoire. Comment les cas suspects sont-ils traités et vivent-ils leur prise en charge jusqu’au test ? Av...
During an Ebola outbreak, the WHO recommends that health professionals consider people as suspect cases (SCs) when they show key signs such as the sudden onset of high fever or specific symptoms after having had contact with a suspect or confirmed Ebola case. SCs should then get care, be isolated and be reported to health authorities until the Ebol...
To meet the objective of ending the AIDS pandemic in 2030, screening and access to anti-retroviral treatments (ARV) must be extended in Africa. This in turns requires that people agree to be screened and treated. Since the beginning of the epidemic, however, the stigmatization of people persons living with HIV (PlHIV) has been a major obstacle in t...
To meet the objective of ending the AIDS pandemic in 2030, screening and access to antiretroviral treatments (ARV) must be extended in Africa. This in turns requires that people agree to be screened and treated. Since the beginning of the epidemic, however, the stigmatization of people persons living with HIV (PlHIV) has been a major obstacle in th...
Après l'épidémie d'Ebola en Afrique de l'Ouest (2013-2016), la "préparation" est au programme des institutions sanitaires. Cependant, des questions essentielles restent posées sur le domaine et les activités de la préparation concernant les dimensions socio-culturelles des épidémies. Un cours rapide multidisciplinaire "Maladies infectieuses et anth...
After the Ebola outbreak in West Africa (2013-2016), preparedness is on the agenda of health institutions. However, key questions remain about the scope of preparedness and activities related to the socio-cultural dimension of epidemics. A multidisciplinary short-course Infectious Diseases and Anthropology in West Africa (MIAA) was held at CERFIG,...
Fondé en 1962 en zone rurale à 150 km de Dakar, en pays sereer, l'observatoire de Niakhar est le plus ancien observatoire de population en Afrique encore en activité. Au coeur d'une histoire scientifique et humaine originale, il a permis d'assurer, depuis sa création, le suivi sanitaire, démographique, social, économique et environnemental de plus...
Introduction: In an epidemic context, the identification of suspected cases, among alert or contact cases, leads to caring for persons for whom only a minority will be confirmed cases, with a laboratory diagnosis positive for Ebola. How are suspected cases treated that are not subsequently confirmed and how do they feel about this experience? What...
Régulations, Marchés, Santé : interroger les enjeux actuels du médicament en Afrique, Ouidah, BEN, 26-/03/2018 - 29/03/2018
https://culanth.org/fieldsights/1256-from-ebola-to-plague-and-beyond-how-can-anthropologists-best-engage-past-experience-to-prepare-for-new-epidemics
Anthropology engaged against Ebola (2014-2016): approaches, contributions and new questions
Anthropologists contributed to the response to the 2014-2016 Ebola outbreak in three ways : as Ebola experts, cultural mediators between populations and caregivers, and researchers. This article presents a preliminary review of approaches, contributions and...
Les médecins ayant acquis leur diplôme hors de l’Union Européenne (PADHUE) avaient en France un statut spécifique défavorable, appelé à disparaître fin 2016. Jusqu’à cette date, un processus sélectif de validation leur permettait d’obtenir une habilitation au « plein exercice » de la médecine. La date limite vient d’être repoussée d’un an pour réso...
Up until recently in France, physicians who obtained their degrees outside the European Union had a specifically disadvantaged status, that was supposed to be eliminated by the end of 2016. Until that date, a selective qualification process authorized foreign physicians to "full practice". The deadline has been postponed to 2017 to resolve the comp...
During the 2014–2016 West Africa Ebola epidemic, transmission chains were controlled through contact tracing, i.e., identification and follow-up of people exposed to Ebola cases. WHO recommendations for daily check-ups of physical symptoms with social distancing for 21 days were unevenly applied and sometimes interpreted as quarantine. Criticisms a...
In Ebola outbreaks, control of transmission chain through the identification of individuals who were exposed to an active case and their surveillance during 21 days, the delay in which someone infected is likely to turn positive, is systematically applied. This activity, named " contact tracing " , has been implemented in various ways according to...
Up until recently in France, physicians who obtained their degrees outside the European Union had a specifically disadvantaged status, that was supposed to be eliminated by the end of 2016. Until that date, a selective qualification process authorized foreign physicians to "full practice": The deadline has been postponed to 2017 to resolve the comp...
La réponse biomédicale ne peut suffire devant la charge dramatique des épidémies d’Ebola 1 , loin s’en faut ! Elle est même parfois fort dépourvue, face à des contextes sociaux, culturels, historiques et politiques de nature à restreindre ou entraver son action. « L’intervention d’anthropologues, qui commence à s’imposer dans de telles circonstance...
Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic that spread in West Africa from the end of 2013 to early 2016 has reached more people than all past epidemics. Beyond care management of acute phase ill patients and measures for the control of the epidemic, the outcome of Ebola survivors became an important question as their number increased and raised new issues...
L'épidémie de maladie à virus Ebola (MVE) qui a sévi en Afrique de l'Ouest de fin 2013 à début 2016 a touché plus de personnes que toutes les épidémies précédentes. Au delà de la prise en charge des malades en phase aiguë et du contrôle de l'épidémie, le devenir des guéris d'Ebola est apparu comme un sujet important à mesure que leur nombre augment...
L’objectif de cet article est de décrire les formes de stigmatisation que rencontrent les professionnels de santé survivant à la maladie à virus Ebola. Une étude, reposant sur des entretiens approfondis auprès de vingt survivants, réalisée à Conakry dans le cadre du programme PostEboGui (Revivre après Ebola), montre que les formes de stigmatisation...
Security agents are on the front line when patients arrive at health facilities, giving them a potential role to play in an Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak. The position of security agents within health services is poorly documented. A survey was conducted to clarify their understanding of Ebola pathology, to assess their need for information an...
Treating oneself is a controversial practice: scorned in the name of the health risks it runs, self-treatment may also be praised in the name of the independence it expresses. The messages of public health authorities are at the heart of the controversy, emphasizing risk one moment and their potential for patient responsibility the next. Such contr...
La surveillance des sujets contacts de personnes contaminées par le virus Ébola a pour objectif de contrôler les chaînes de transmission. Cette mesure soulève des questions d'éthique qui imposent de documenter ses modalités d'application et ses effets sociaux. L'étude a été menée au Sénégal sur la base d'entretiens approfondis auprès de 43 sujets c...
This article, written in French, describes self-medication practices by drug users in Senegal.
Anthropologists were called by the WHO to "humanize" the response to the Ebola outbreak. Yet, frontline actors had developed practices that shared this goal; this article documents these agents’ community surveillance practices. Institutions involved in the Senegalese outbreak relied on volunteers from the Senegalese Red Cross to conduct a 21-day f...
Data presented in this report have been collected within ANRS 12102 project ‘HIV, HBV, HCV Transmission in Health Care Settings: Social and Cultural Dimensions of Hygiene in Cambodia’. This document presents specifically the results from the sub study ‘HIV, HVB, HVC Transmission and Reproductive Health Care in Cambodia, An anthropological approach’...
Cet ouvrage examine de multiples situations de déploiement de la pharmaceuticalisation, dans plusieurs domaines : la valeur et le paiement, l'approvisionnement, l'usage thérapeutique et l'intervention médicale. Les analyses du recours à une diversité de médicaments en Afrique et en Asie du Sud-Est montrent les effets sociaux et les effets de sens d...
The rapid scale-up of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, counselling and treatment throughout sub-Saharan Africa has raised questions about how to protect patients' rights to consent, confidentiality, counselling and care in resource-constrained settings. The Multi-country African Testing and Counselling for HIV (MATCH) study investigated...
L'émergence des maladies chroniques en Afrique pose le problème du rapport à long terme aux médicaments, et les professionnels de santé craignent la lassitude des patients. Une étude qualitative menée à Dakar auprès de 48 personnes prenant des antirétroviraux depuis plus de dix ans s'est intéressée à leurs perceptions et leurs expériences, sous l'a...
