Ali Rezaeian

Shahid Beheshti University | SBU

While complexity increases, current methodologies show some deficiencies. The main defect is when everything in a system is related and all relationships seem the same. It makes finding the difference quite hard. This article attempts to fill the identified gap by offering a methodology. It is named Pluralistic Causal Mapping (PCM). PCM was develop...

Social systems are completely affected by the complexity inherent in their nature. Despite inherited elements of lower level systems, the social system has some distinctive characteristics of its own. We are interested in what are the common and distinctive characteristics of social systems, and how different methodologies respond to these characte...

Key Words: social systems, methodology, systems approach, hard system methodology, soft system methodology Social systems are completely affected by the complexity rooted in its nature. While the social system inherited attributes of lower level systems, but it has some distinctive attributes. The main question here is, what those common and distin...