Ali KarakaşMehmet Akif Ersoy University · English Language Teaching
Ali Karakaş
PhD in Applied Linguistics, Southampton University
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73
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Introduction
I graduated from English Language Teaching department of Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey. I earned my PhD in Applied Linguistics from Southampton University, UK. Currently, I'm working as an associate professor at the English Language Teaching department of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey. I'm also a postdoctoral member of the Centre for Global Englishes, Southampton University, UK. My main research interests include Global Englishes, English as a lingua franca, Lang. policy.
Additional affiliations
September 2017 - September 2020
October 2011 - March 2016
January 2010 - June 2016
Education
September 2004 - September 2008
Publications
Publications (73)
Recently, there has been a substantial rise in the number of English-medium instruction (EMI) programs all around the world. This profound linguistic transformation has drawn researchers’ attention to several issues around the delivery of courses via EMI. However, research seems to be scarce concerning academic language policies and practices. This...
This study investigates the practices of native, native-like and non-native speakers of English in academic writing. The researchers developed and validated a survey with Likert items. The items in the survey were created using the researchers’ personal experience, the literature and an open-ended survey with three items administered to 31 research...
Willingness to communicate (WTC) in a target language is considered a critical variable impacting engagement when students learn the language. Notwithstanding the research conducted on WTC of students, fewer attempts have been made to investigate their willingness to listen (WTL), especially WTL augmentation. To address this gap, this research expl...
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the suspension of schools with a shift from face-to-face education to distance education nearly all around the world. This shift has also affected the nature of the delivery of courses with practical components at teacher education programmes. This study explores how pre-service English language teachers (ELT) deal...
The adoption of English-medium-instruction in higher education is a strategic response to the internationalisation of higher education and an attempt to alleviate concerns about graduate employability and academic reputation. Policy-makers tend to favour ‘English-only’ approaches to content teaching, although imposing monolingual perspectives on bi...
Coursebooks used in English language teaching play a significant role for language learners. One way of determining whether the current status of English in language teaching, that is, English as a lingua franca (ELF), is taken into account in language teaching pedagogy is to analyze coursebooks. This study aims to determine how listening, speaking...
This study aimed to investigate what language teachers believe and practice regarding the transition to online teaching, which needs more extensive research to understand the effect of Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) on language teaching and learning. 156 teachers of English teachers at higher education across 5 regions stated their beliefs and pra...
Thousands of non-native speakers have been taking international tests of English administered by long-established testing boards, such as ETC and PEARSON, for a wide range of purposes worldwide. These test-takers represent various Englishes of the Outer and Expanding Circle countries. However, little information is available as to the degree to whi...
Exams play a key role in students’ educational lives and students’ language knowledge is tested through exams. Testing and evaluation are indispensable parts of education in this respect. As a language component, grammar, which is highly important for effective and structural ambiguity-free communication, is tested in several ways. One of these way...
This chapter brings together and highlights the critical perspectives raised in the previous chapters and seeks to provide an insight into the future of EMI research in the Turkish higher education context.
Reference is also made to how awareness can be raised about the strategies and tools needed to improve EMI at the tertiary level in Turkey, par...
This book examines the phenomenon of English Medium Instruction (EMI) in Turkish higher education, using research-based findings and review-based discussions with a critical focus on diverse aspects of EMI. Particularly, it addresses issues under four major themes: EMI policy and the macro level context, teaching practices in EMI, learning experien...
Outside the border of countries whose language (English) is spoken as a mother tongue, English is used for different purposes from education, tourism, travel etc. to commerce, trade, shipping etc. as a common language globally. Thus, the importance of such a language is indispensable in order to provide communication and intelligibility. In line wi...
Conventional English language teaching practices have been called into question for a long time by the proponents of social and academic movements towards more liberated and equity-based teaching by challenging the relegation of certain groups based on particular variables (e.g. race, sex, religion, nationality). In this respect, it is deemed that...
Both the general educational reforms and projects on the teaching of English at schools have had a direct influence on the curricula for English language teaching at primary, secondary and high schools levels. This influence is considerably evident in the MoNE’s attempts to regularly update the content and principles of such curricula in accordance...
The Saudi English language education has experienced a continuous process of reform and revision. Recently, Saudi English Language Curriculum (SELC) has been introduced to the research and practice community. The lack of research investigating language policies in the Saudi context is where the current study situates itself. Thus, a qualitative doc...
This chapter presents an activity carried out with the incoming pre-service language teachers at a teacher education program in a Turkish university. The activity involves the use of various audio and video-mediated resources for listening purposes alongside some teacher-selected coursebooks for listening and speaking in and out of the classroom wi...
Bu bölüm, eleştirel sanat temelli araştırmanın politik ve teorik çıkarımlarını incelemektedir. Nitel Araştırmalar Kılavuz Kitabının üçüncü baskısından başlayarak, editörler Norman Denzin ve Yvonna Lincoln (2005) sonraki her bir baskıya sanat temelli araştırma üzerine bir bölüm eklediler. Bu nedenle, bu bölüm, 2005 ve 2015 yılları arasında yazılmış,...
English has undergone several transformations recently. One of them is the use of English as a lingua franca (ELF) among its linguistically diverse speakers. Many studies have been conducted on ELF in different settings, including Turkey. However, most studies were concerned with pre-service language teachers. Thus, this study explored 40 EFL teach...
This study examines the views of a group of English teachers about the goals of the Ministry of National Education for foreign language education in the "2023 Education Vision". In this document, there are three main goals for foreign language teaching and seven sub-goals associated with the main goals under each main goal. In terms of having goals...
This study informed by multiple qualitative tools explores translanguaging practices at different EMI programs of two state universities in Turkey in terms of the degree of overt forms of translanguaging occurrences, functions fulfilled, departmental differences in translanguaging practices and stakeholder perspectives. To that end, the study sets...
This study investigates pre-service teachers’ engagement in reflection and reflective practice through video-recorded microteaching sessions. Using multiple qualitative tools (i.e. field notes, peer feedback, focus group discussions), we conducted a case study with 34 EFL pre-service teachers performing microteaching as part of a compulsory univers...
This study investigates language teachers’ professional development perceptions and activities. The data were garnered from 18 English teachers, working at different state schools in a small province of Turkey. To collect data, an open-ended survey was created in which the teachers answered five open-ended questions. To obtain frequent and importan...
Using the literature on transnationalism, this article explores overseas-trained Turkish scholars' experiences and whether their experiences have had any effects on their identity construction/transformation, professional and personal lives after returning home. This exploration is informed by quantitative and qualitative data collected with Turkis...
This study examines student-teachers’ opinions about the spread of the English in general, and the ramifications of its spread as to its co-existence with other languages, speaker profiles, and probable extensions in form and function in two geographically different but English language policy-wise identical Expanding circle countries, i.e., Turkey...
Introduction: In recent years, the number of test-takers of international tests of English has grown at an exponential rate. Those whose first language is not English, i.e. non-native English speakers (NNES), constitute the predominant majority of these test-takers, largely based in non-Anglophone contexts. Thus, the state of whether the internatio...
Although the key role of utilizing Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools in foreign language learning and language teacher education is well-established in the literature, understanding the extent to which the student teachers of English are aware of and proficient in using ICT tools remains a key consideration. Therefore, this study...
Several theories have been formulated so far regarding language
acquisition, learning and teaching processes. The standpoints of these theories
on language acquisition and learning process differ from each other in terms of
the factors they focus on. Some theories focused on inner factors while others
focused on external and environmental factors a...
Learning vocabulary in any foreign language including English is vital, since it plays a central role in language learning. However, when compared to other skills, it is undoubtedly the most time-consuming skill to be mastered by learners and users of English due to various reasons. While learners exert much effort to memorise, store, and retrieve...
This study was set out to investigate a small number of Turkish EFL teachers’ views about the concepts of a standard language, dialects, and other language varieties concerning their mother tongue (Turkish) and the language (English) they are tasked with teaching at schools. The respondents of this research were 12 Turkish EFL teachers working in a...
Against the backdrop of lack of research on pre-service English language teachers’ Web 2.0 awareness and experiences and the considerable importance attached to ICT tools in the policy documents of MoNE (2017a, 2017b, 2018), this paper investigates pre-service English teachers’ familiarity with and use of the key ICT tools in the Turkish context.
This study aims to discover the perceptions and attitudes of high school language division students about English as a lingua franca in a Turkish province. For this purpose, a descriptive survey method was chosen via using a questionnaire consisting of 13 questions. The responses were rated on a 4-point Likert scale. The data were gathered from 85...
This study explores a small number of in-service language teachers’ professional development perceptions and activities. The data were collected from 18 in-service English teachers, working at different state schools in Burdur, Turkey. For data collection, we formulated an open-ended survey in which the teachers were asked five open-ended questions...
İngilizce’nin dünyada artan önemine paralel olarak ülkemizde de İngilizce öğretimine ciddi anlamda önem verilmiş ve öğretim kalitesini arttırmak için ülkemizdeki her bir eğitim reformunda İngilizce öğretimi ile ilgili ciddi adımlar atılmıştır. Buna rağmen, ülkemizde İngilizce öğretimi halen istenilen seviyelere gelememiştir. Bunun en temel nedenler...
This paper investigates trainee teachers’ preferences for English pronunciation and accent, enrolled in a teacher education program in Turkey with respect to listening activities, after they have familiarized themselves with the diverse English accents. Data has been gathered through semi-open-ended questionnaires, which are later analysed with qua...
This chapter emerged out of the need to demonstrate how a traditional but still a widely implemented language teaching method, i.e. the GTM, can be applied in the Turkish context in compliance with the Ministry of National Education’s ELT curriculum for primary and secondary schools. The chapter first presents an introduction and historical backgro...
In recent years, many Turkish universities, particularly the foundation universities in the private sector, have adopted English either in part or in full, as the language of instruction. In practice, this has meant that English should be the only working language of instruction in all academic activities, ranging from lectures, seminars, presentat...
Recently, there has been some redesigning in the English language teaching curriculum in Turkey as a consequence of overall educational reforms. However, there has, so far, been no research that has investigated the current high school English curriculum in light of the recent linguistic developments in the field of English language teaching. Thus,...
This chapter presents a qualitative study which aimed to determine whether a Turkish EMI university’s claim to being international regards linguistic diversity in its policy documents, practices and linguistic landscape. The findings show that standard native English is promoted as the acceptable kind of academic English. Similarly, there was a pre...
This paper reports on findings from a comparative study that attempted to identify the differences and similarities between the English Language Teacher Education Programs employed in Turkey and Malaysia. Employing a qualitative case study research design, a document analysis method was chosen to compare the programs in terms of several points. To...
As universities attempt to change their medium of instruction from the local languages to English and become more international by recruiting international students and teaching staff, their academic English language policies and practices appear to be more prominent. The use of English in higher education as the medium of instruction and the incre...
Writing a research paper is one of the areas that ELT students have difficulty throughout their university education and future academic career. The aim of the present study is to investigate how ELT students tussle with research paper writing. Gender, research methods course and students’ years of studying are chosen to be independent variables fo...
English has experienced grave transformations recently in terms of socio-demographic and geographical characteristics. While such transformations have resulted in diverse types of English uses and various English users, the existing ELT materials still fail to represent the global varieties and dynamic uses and users of English. Moving from a World...
This paper primarily aims to explore how the notion of "Good English" and its sister terms, such as good writing/writers and good speaking/speakers, are perceived by ELT students and secondly attempts to determine the language ideologies that lie behind their perceptions. A phenomenological research approach was adopted making use of open-ended ema...
This study explores how satisfied Turkish students are with English-medium instruction (EMI) in the context of higher education in an era when EMI universities operate as international brands capitalizing on English as a commodity to vie for more customers, that is, national and international students. Data were collected through a questionnaire ad...
Turkish universities have adopted English as a means of instruction in teaching for quite some time now. Against such a linguistic transformation at universities, little research has been done on students’ teacher preferences in EMI settings although researching students’ teacher preferences has accumulated a bulk of literature in ESL/EFL research....
One consequence of higher education institutions' efforts to internationalize themselves is the adoption of English medium instruction (EMI) in teaching. This is particularly the case in nonAnglophone countries. Although researchers have extensively canvassed the place of English in English as a foreign language (EFL) / English as a second language...
A discussion of the notion of Englihization as regard internationalization of higher education.
TURKISH LECTURERS’ AND STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF ENGLISH IN ENGLISH-MEDIUM INSTRUCTION UNIVERSITIES
By Ali Karakaş
Recently, many institutions in non-Anglophone contexts have switched to using English as a medium of instruction in education mostly as a strategic response to globalisation and internationalisation. This switch has increased the intake...
The question of what makes a good teacher of English has aroused researchers’interest for many years,andthe existingstudiescomparing NESTs(native English-speaking teachers) and NNESTs(non-native English-speaking teachers) havefocused mostly on students’ perceptions of these teachers.The currentstudyaims to explorein the first phase ifthere is a mea...
This small-scale case study examines the organization of repair structures in a small group of Facebook users' written conversation exchanges in an attempt to identify the types of repair employed, and further explores which repair types predominate in the organization of repair structures in participants' written speech. To this end, a small corpu...
Based on the empirical data of my PhD research, this paper analyses the perceptions of 351 undergraduate students enrolled at English-medium universities towards English in terms of the language ideology framework. The students were purposively sampled from three programs at three Turkish universities. The data were drawn from student opinion surve...
This study reports part of the initial findings of my PhD research project, the primary objective of which is to explore lecturers' and students' perceptions towards their English abilities and practices in English-medium instruction universities located in two provinces of Turkey. This paper only reports the perceptions obtained from the lecturers...
This study is predicated on a descriptive survey of quantitative research designs, which attempts to identify the attitudes of instructors of English towards reflective teaching in Turkey. For the collection of data, Reflective Teaching Attitude Scale, developed by Akbari, Bahzaadpoor and Dadvand, was distributed to 56 instructors of English who co...
The purpose of this paper is to discuss and report on the spread of the English language across Turkey, and how people from different camps in the country show reactions to its current place. In this sense, with an eye to projecting how a welcoming atmosphere has chronologically occurred in Turkey for English to gain importance as an inescapable ph...
The study aimed at identifying intercultural attitudes of Turkish students enrolled in the University of Southampton, in the UK, towards both host and other cultures. The data were elicited through a questionnaire consisting of two parts. Data were analyzed through statistical package software called SPSS. Descriptive statistics i.e. mean scores; s...
This exploratory research sets out to investigate the interrelatedness between theoretical assumptions and practical dimensions of Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), viewed as a cornerstone language teaching method. The focal goal is grounded in determining whether CLT alone is an all-cure approach that may resolve the long-standing problem of...
This study aims to identify the problems/difficulties that academics in a Turkish university encounter while using English as a lingua franca. The data were garnered through survey questionnaires filled out by 27 academics based in a Turkish university in the southwest of Turkey. The findings demonstrated that academics dramatically needed and used...
This study aimed to find out whether watching subtitled cartoons influences incidental vocabulary learning. The study was conducted with 42 first grade English Language Teaching (ELT) department students at the University of Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Burdur. To collect data from the subjects, a 5-point vocabulary knowledge scale was used and 18 target wor...
The article reports on an evaluative review of the current English Education Program in Turkey by focusing on both strengths and weaknesses identified through the analysis of the program based on the related theories, models and previous empirical research and comparison of the present program with the preceding English language teacher education p...
İnternet 20. yüzyıl ortalarında askeri bir proje (ARPANET) olarak ortaya çıkmış, günümüzde en önemli bilgi ve iletişim teknolojisi haline gelmiştir. ARPANET projesi ile başlayan internet kullanımı, önce üniversitelerde yaygınlaşmış, kısa bir süre sonra masaüstü bilgisayarlar aracılığı ile evlere kadar girmiştir. İlk dönemlerdeki durumun aksine günü...
Bu çalı$manın amacı bir sosyal ağ sitesi olan Facebook’ un kullanım amacı ve eğitsel kullanımı hakkında öğrenci görü$lerinin incelenmesidir. Bu doğrultuda Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi’nden 146 Bilgisayar ve Öğretim Teknolojileri (BÖTE) öğrencisi çalı$manın örneklemini olu$turmu$tur. Çalı$mada Facebook “FB” olarak ifade edilecekti...
![Figure 3: The articulational positinioning of of the [ð] and [θ] sounds...](profile/Ali-Karakas-2/publication/272885316/figure/fig1/AS:669516346425345@1536636544006/The-articulational-positinioning-of-of-the-d-and-th-sounds-in-the-mouth_Q320.jpg)
This article will provide an overview of whether students have positive motivational attitudes towards the use of computers for writing and communication. Firstly, it summarizes the basic theories of motivation and then explains the relationship between language and motivation, and the use of computers and motivation. Then, it aims to explore the a...
The purpose of this descriptive study is to point out the importance of using illustrations as supplementary materials in Foreign Language Teaching. The study is composed of three main sections: importance of Foreign Language Teaching, importance of illustrations as materials, and use and signiicance of illustrations in Foreign Language Teaching. B...
Questions
Questions (6)
Dear Friends and Colleagues,
We are currently investigating the practices of native and nonnative speakers of English in academic writing. We have a short survey. Those who are involved in academic writing in English are potential participants for this survey. We intend to collect data from academics with different mother tongues. We’d be glad if you could spare five minutes to complete the survey. The data will be used for research purposes and will not be disclosed.
Thanks in advance for your time.
You help is very much appreciated.
Hello everyone,
In a course I'm running with first-year students in a language teacher training programme, I'd like to familiarise my students with English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) accents to increase their awareness of non-native ways of doing English.
I'm just wondering whether you can suggest any coursebooks on listening that include non-native speakers and native speakers in their listening exercises.
Thanks in advance.
Projects
Projects (5)
So far, there is not a book-length treatment of the EMI phenomenon written by Turkish and international scholars as well as practitioners having direct involvement and a close familiarity with EMI in Turkish higher education. Added to this, there are still uncharted areas of EMI (e.g. academic integrity, assessment, augmented reality, educational quality, mobility and professional development) that still await to be addressed in the Turkish higher education context.
Our focal purpose with this volume is to occupy this research space in Turkey by both investigating issues of similar interest in the previous studies at a greater depth and further addressing novel issues by adopting a multidimensional approach. Part of our aim is to more clearly demonstrate what happens at the policy and practice levels concerning EMI in different Turkish universities. We also intend to diversify the research contexts in our volume for a more comprehensive representation of EMI higher education in Turkey as previous studies were mostly carried out in the long-established universities mentioned above. Here, what we mean by long-established universities are those which have used English-only since they opened their doors. That is, they emerged as EMI universities originally. However, what is currently taking place is that universities that use their domestic language as the working language are switching to English; we refer to such universities as newly established. Thus, we would like to extend our understanding of how EMI operates not only in long-standing but also newly established EMI universities and programs. Finally, with this volume, we would like to respond to a research call by Doiz, Lasagabaster and Sierra (2013) who argued that empirical research into EMI should be carried out by researchers who know the research context where there are many questions waiting to be answered.
Taking this call for research into account, we have decided to bring together this current volume, which consists of a total of 15 chapters written by both well-known Turkish and international scholars who have already published several works on EMI and/or issues surrounding EMI. The volume primarily includes empirical papers, yet there are also critical review articles on theoretical literature review and conceptual frameworks related to the stakeholders of and issues around EMI. The content of the volume significantly differs from those which have already been in the market in that this current volume has contributions on novel matters that have not been seriously investigated in the EMI research elsewhere. Thus, it is our resolute belief that although the book treats the Turkish EMI context as a case, each issue addressed in the individual chapters has global relevance and offers implications for other nations, which, similar to most Turkish universities, are in the more recent stages of implementing EMI. We believe that the novel issues raised and addressed within this volume (e.g. professional development and EMI; assessment and EMI; classroom interaction and EMI; academic writing practices in EMI; technology-enhanced EMI practices; contemporary issues on EMI) will inspire researchers in other contexts to replicate studies in this volume as well.
We believe that this volume will be an important resource regarding largely unexplored issues in the EMI context. The chapters also include research on previously studied topics, yet taking a different perspective and building their work on different conceptual frameworks and theoretical foundations as well as diversifying data collection tools and participants.
Table of Content
Authors
Ch1 Ali Karakaş & Jennifer Jenkins: Academic English language policies and practices of English-medium instruction (EMI) Universities in Turkey from policy actors’ eyes
Ch2 Ali Fuad Selvi: English-medium Instruction in Northern Cyprus: Problems, Possibilities, and Prospects
Ch3 Burcu Tezcan Ünal & Diane Schmitt: Reflections on English-medium Instruction in Turkish Higher Education Institutions, Educational Quality and Insights from International Experience
Ch4 Tuğba Elif Toprak Yıldız: Internationalization, Mobility and English-medium Instruction in the Context of Turkish Higher Education
Ch4 Tijen Aksit & Alev Sezin Kahvecioğlu: Stakeholder Perspectives on the Use of English-medium Instruction (EMI) in Turkish Universities
Part 2: Focus on Teaching through English Medium Instruction (EMI)
Ch6 Bedrettin Yazan & Ufuk Keleş: Multi-level EMI Policy Implementation in Turkey’s Higher Education: Navigating Ideological Tensions
Ch7 Erkan Arkın & Kenan Dikilitaş: Turkish Undergraduates’ Perspectives on EMI: A Framework induced analysis of policies and processes
Ch8 Özgür Şahan & Kari Şahan: Content and language in EMI assessment practices: Challenges and beliefs at an Engineering Faculty in Turkey
Ch9 Hacer Hande Uysal & Merve Bozbıyık: A Closer Look at the Doctoral Writing Practices in an English-medium Instruction University in Turkey
Ch10 Tuncer Can & Alex Rey: Training Language Teachers for English-medium Instruction (EMI) Contexts through the Use of Augmented Reality
Part 3: Focus on Learning through English Medium Instruction
Ch11 Salim Razı & Mustafa Çoban: Questioning the Metacognitive Reading Strategies in an English-medium Instruction (EMI) Setting
Ch12 Erdem Akbaş & Betül Bal Gezegin: Exploring the functions of okay as a discourse marker in an English-medium instruction class
Ch13 Donald F. Staub Why Student Retention Matters for Turkish EMI Universities?
Part 4: Directions for English-medium Instruction in Turkey
Ch14 Mustafa Akıncıoğlu: The EMI Quality Management Program A Novel Solution Model
Ch15 Yasemin Kırkgöz & Ali Karakaş: Review and Final Thoughts: The Future of English-medium Instruction in Turkey
This book aims to discuss and expand on the central concepts and issues in relation to interculturality and English language teaching and learning. Obviously, the way we use languages may permit as well as inhibit cross-cultural and intercultural contact and communication. In a world which is becoming increasingly more multilingual and multicultural, formal education needs to address the global demands for developing intercultural communicative skills. Within this context, it is crucial for English language teachers, as the teachers of the global lingua franca, to be equipped with the knowledge, understanding and skills to successfully help their learners attain intercultural communicative competence. To help them accomplish this goal, this book intends to aid teachers to explore current understandings and critical issues pertaining to the intersection of language, culture, society, human behavior and language teaching and learning.
The book will include the following chapters:
1. The central concepts: Culture, language, intercultural competence
2. The history of intercultural contact and the effects of globalization
3. From bilingualism/biculturalism to plurilingualism/pluriculturalism: Where does ELF stand?
4. Intercultural competence and CEFR
5. Critical Issues in intercultural competence: Identity and self-awareness
6. Critical Issues in IC: Communication styles (i.e.Politeness, Directness and Assertiveness)
7. Critical Issues in IC: Gender
8. Critical Issues in IC: Social justice advocacy
9. Computer-mediated IC and language teaching
10. An analysis of MoNE English Language Programs and the development of intercultural competence
11. Designing learning to teach interculturality in ELT classrooms: Principles and Instructional Design
12. Assessing intercultural competence development
13. What does research tell us?: An integrative review of studies on intercultural competence and language teaching/learning in Turkey
14. Conducting Teacher research on interculturality
This study informed by multiple qualitative tools explores translanguaging practices at different EMI programs of two state universities in Turkey in terms of the degree of overt forms of translanguaging occurrences, functions fulfilled, departmental differences in translanguaging practices and stakeholder perspectives. To that end, the study sets out to respond to the following research questions.
1. To what extent does translanguaging occur in the EMI classroom, and in what ways?
2. What functions do translanguaging practices serve in the EMI classroom? What limitations emerge, if any?
3. Are there differences across departments in terms of translanguaging practices and the functions these practices fulfil?
4. What are EMI teachers and students’ views about translanguaging practices?
