Ali Fahmi

• Research Associate
• Research Associate at The University of Manchester

In this paper, the authors have presented an expert system to support decision makers in nutrition therapy planning. This system is an extended version of a fuzzy decision support system for nutrition therapy. The presented expert system is equipped with an updated knowledge base component by using a set of rules. Also in order to deal with vaguene...

Objectives Antibiotics are effective in treating bacterial infections, but they carry the risks of antimicrobial resistance and effectiveness loss. This study aimed to assess whether antibiotics for common infections are prescribed in a risk-based manner and how this changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design Cohort study of common infections an...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311515.].

Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a multifaceted global challenge, partly driven by inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on treatment of common infections, develop risk prediction models and examine the effects of antibiotics on infection-related hospital...

Previous studies have demonstrated the association between antibiotic use and severe COVID-19 outcomes. This study aimed to explore detailed antibiotic exposure characteristics among COVID-19 patients. Using the OpenSAFELY platform, which integrates extensive health data and covers 40% of the population in England, the study analysed 3.16 million C...

Background There is concern that the COVID-19 pandemic altered the management of common infections in primary care. This study aimed to evaluate infection-coded consultation rates and antibiotic use during the pandemic and how any change may have affected clinical outcomes. Methods With the approval of NHS England, a retrospective cohort study usi...

Introduction This project applies a Learning Healthcare System (LHS) approach to antibiotic prescribing for common infections in primary care. The approach involves iterations of data analysis, feedback to clinicians and implementation of quality improvement activities by the clinicians. The main research question is, can a knowledge support system...

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a multifaceted global challenge, partly driven by inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. The COVID-19 pandemic impacted antibiotic prescribing for common bacterial infections. This highlights the need to examine risk of hospital admissions related to common infections, excluding COVID-19 infections durin...

Background Identifying potential risk factors related to severe COVID-19 outcomes is important. Repeated intermittent antibiotic use is known be associated with adverse outcomes. This study aims to examine whether prior frequent antibiotic exposure is associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes. Methods With the approval of NHS England, we used the O...

Background Polypharmacy can be a consequence of overprescribing that is prevalent in older adults with multimorbidity. Polypharmacy can cause adverse reactions and result in hospital admission. This study predicted risks of adverse drug reaction (ADR)-related and emergency hospital admissions by medicine classes. Methods We used electronic health...

No comprehensive review of Bayesian networks (BNs) in healthcare has been published in the past, making it difficult to organize the research contributions in the present and identify challenges and neglected areas that need to be addressed in the future. This unique and novel scoping review of BNs in healthcare provides an analytical framework for...

There has been much research effort expended toward the use of Bayesian networks (BNs) in medical decision-making. However, because of the gap between developing an accurate BN and demonstrating its clinical usefulness, this has not resulted in any widespread BN adoption in clinical practice. This paper investigates this problem with the aim of fin...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease, that can lead to joint damage but also affects quality of life (QoL) including aspects such as self-esteem, fatigue, and mood. Current medical management focuses on the fluctuating disease activity to prevent progressive disability, but practical constraints mean periodic clini...

No comprehensive review of Bayesian networks (BNs) in healthcare has been published in the past, making it difficult to organize the research contributions in the present and identify challenges and neglected areas that need to be addressed in the future. This unique and novel scoping review of BNs in healthcare provides an analytical framework for...

Fuzzy sets can be used in many old-fashioned aspects of our lives in order to reach better performance and make fairer judgments. Evaluation through examination is typically conducted by educational centers, and multiple choice question (MCQ) exams are widely applied to score the examinees. Since scoring is potentially a difficult process to judge,...

Almost all the worldwide and nationwide companies utilize advertising to increase their sales volume and profit. These companies pay millions of dollars to reach consumers and announce their products or services. This forces companies to evaluate advertising effects and check whether ads meet companys strategies. They need to evaluate the ads not o...

Almost all the worldwide and nationwide companies utilize advertising to increase their sales volume and profit. These companies pay millions of dollars to reach consumers and announce their products or services. This forces companies to evaluate advertising effects and check whether ads meet companys strategies. They need to evaluate the ads not o...

Almost all the worldwide and nationwide companies utilize advertising to increase their sales volume and profit. These companies pay millions of dollars to reach consumers and announce their products or services. This forces companies to evaluate advertising effects and check whether ads meet companys strategies. They need to evaluate the ads not o...

Decision making is a common process in human activities. Every person or organization needs to make decisions besides dealing with uncertainty and vagueness associated with human cognition. The theory of fuzzy logic provides a mathematical base to model the uncertainities. Hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set (HFLTS) creates an appropriate method to...

A better grasp of the energy generation structure of a country is essential for a deeper understanding of likely consequences of alternative energy strategies. Energy planning is a multi-dimensional coordination problem interfered by multiple stake holders which requires consideration of economic, social and environmental objectives. Bayesian netwo...

We usually deal with binary assessments, i.e., true and false. However, Zadeh proposed fuzzy sets and membership functions whose possible values are between zero and one. Fuzzy logic enables us to judge fairly by providing values between zero and one as membership function of a particular set. Fuzzy sets could be used in many old-fashioned aspects...