Ali Babaei

• Associate Professor of Islamic Philosophy and Theology
• University of Tabriz

In theological sources, many symbols are used to explain the transcendent truths of existence. Among the shapes, the circle has the most use of a symbol which is important for Religious, philosophers, and mystics. However, what is refer mostly to the shape of a circle is the rotation of a circular line that begins at a point on a surface and ends a...

The issue of resurrection is one of the basic principles of divine religions that all the divine prophets had the mission to invite people to believe in the Day of Judgment after being called to worship the Only God. Among the divine religions, Islam has shown special attention to the question of resurrection and this basic principle has been discu...

Most philosophers have regarded humans as a psychosomatic reality, considering the individual human being as a unity composed of two distinct dimensions: immaterial and material, which are interrelated. However, the manner in which these two distinct substances relate to each other has leaded humanity to numerous challenges. Hence, Descartes and Mu...

The origin of religion is one of the important issues in the philosophy of religion and new theology (kâlâm), which has always been the source of suspicion among some materialists and atheists. The answer to this question determines the identity of religion and reveals its divine or human aspect. From the perspective of God-believing thinkers, reli...

The subject of happiness is one of the most important topics in the philosophy of ethics that has attracted the attention of many thinkers and philosophers and has forced them to search for the meaning of happiness. Some theistic philosophers have considered happiness to have different levels and the highest degree of it has been considered as the...

The question of what constitutes true happiness has been a core philosophical issue that has warranted multiple attempts in the attempt to provide a final answer, either from a purely religious or philosophical perspective. The issue of happiness is closely connected to the meaning of life and its ultimate outcome and purpose. The modern Muslim phi...

This article seeks to show the changes in issues related to knowledge based on Mullā Sadrā's three philosophical evolutions and graded approaches: the quidditative view, the ontological primacy of the existence in the graded unity framework, and the ontological primacy of the existence in the individual unity framework. The main question is, what c...

It is recognized by scholars that Mullā Sadrā has three philosophical journeys: Fundamentality of quiddity, Fundamentality of existence on gradational unite, and Fundamentality of existence on individual Unite; With this in mind, the issue of motion, an important issue in Sadra's wisdom, has changed as a result of these three journeys; In this rega...

Mulla Sadra has experienced, in his works, three stages of philosophical journey: principality of quiddity, the principality of existence of gradational unity, and the principality of existence of personal unity. There must have been changes in the dependent discussions in proportion to these three stages of journey. Considering this change would r...

Mulla Sadra has experienced, in his works, three stages of philosophical journey: principality of quiddity, the principality of existence of gradational unity, and the principality of existence of personal unity. There must have been changes in the dependent discussions in proportion to these three stages of journey. Considering this change would r...

Simple reality" rule states the relation of its true instance, that is, God to the universe. The similarity of this relationship in transcendent wisdom and mysticism, and Mulla Sadra's stipulation of mystics' intuitive perception of the content of this rule, makes thought seek its counterparts in mysticism. The closest mystical interpretation to th...

ترجمه شواهد الربوبیه ملاصدرا و حواوشی ملاهادی سبزواری

ایـن نوشـتار در پـی تحقیـق تعریـف، و تبییـن اندیشــه های حکیــم صدرالمتالهیــن حــول محــور زیبایــی و بیــان رابطــه زیباییشناســی ایــن مکتــب بــا مهمتریــن مســائل و مبانــی حکمــت متعالیــه اســت.

There are many trinities in Islamic philosophical, mystical, and religious sources on various topics; these trinities can be divided into three general categories, including: "God's Affairs", " Universe" and "human faculties". The most important trinities of God's Affairs are the trinity of "Essences, Attributes and Acts" which is the basis of all...

بساطت، وصفی کمالی و تعیین‌کننده‌ی مرتبه‌ی وجودی موجود متصف به آن است. گستره‌ی این ویژگی در خدا، با قاعده‌ی بسیط‌الحقیقه همه‌چیز است و هیچ‌یک از آن‌ها نیست و در نفس انسانی، با عبارت نفس در وحدتش، همه‌ی قواست، بیان می‌شود. اهمیت تبیین نسبت دو قاعده این است که هم راه‌گشای شناخت خدا از طریق معرفت نفس است و هم رابطه‌ی طولی خدا با عالم، و ازجمله خود نفس...

تعبیر «خمیرة ازلی» و ارتباط آن با «حکمت خسروانی» در حکمت اشراق، دستمایه¬يی شده تا برخی از محققان نظیر هانری کربن، هدف حکمت اشراق و «طرح عظیم همة عمر» سهروردی را احیای حکمت ایران باستان موسوم به حکمت خسروانی بدانند. به اعتقاد نويسنده، قرائن بسیاری در حکمت اشراق وجود دارد که نشان میدهد کار سهروردی تأسیس حکمتی جدید است و نه صرفاً احیای سنتی موجود. تحل...

در فلسفه‌ی مشائی ماهیات به جوهر و عرض تقسیم می‌شوند و چون حق‌تعالی ماهیت نیست، بنابراین نه جوهر است و نه عرض. اما در حکمت خاص صدرایی، نه‌تنها حق‌تعالی جوهر خوانده می‌شود، بلکه فراتر از آن، حق‌تعالی تنها جوهر هستی است. اعراض از مراتب وجود جوهر به شمار مى‌روند. عرض وجودى مستقل در کنار وجود جوهر نیست. رابطه‌ی میان جوهر و عرض، عمیق‌تر از رابطه‌ی میان د...

While theologists consider art as a product of imagination and refer to imagination as an independent faculty, Sadra’s view, which is based on the unity of the soul as the source of all faculties, considers all faculties originating from the soul. Therefore, imagination is a function of the soul and as a result resides in it. Art is the act of soul...

In theological sources, many symbols are used to explain the transcendent truths of existence. Among the shapes, the circle has the most use of a symbol which is important for Religious, philosophers, and mystics. However, what is refer mostly to the shape of a circle is the rotation of a circular line that begins at a point on a surface and ends a...

در راهِ تبیینِ شوون سه گانه الهی، سه‌گانه‌های مختلفی طرح شده است که حکمِ مراتبِ یک حقیقت واحد را دارند؛ سه‌گانه‌هایی نظیرِ: 1. دنیا، برزخ، آخرت.2. ملک، ملکوت، جبروت. 3. ماده، مثال، عقل. 4. زمان، دهر، سرمد.5. اسلام، ایمان، احسان. 6. شریعت، طریقت، حقیقت. 7. علم‌الیقین، عین‌الیقین، حق‌الیقین. و... مولوی نیز در عرفانِ خود برای تبیینِ شووونِ الهی از سه‌...

This point that "how is God and his attributes" is an important issue in Islamic theology, philosophy of religion, philosophy and mysticism. According to the philosophical and logical doctrine, allegory or exemplification is not certainly; and could not be used so many in philosophical subjects. But there is many signs in Islamic philosophy that sh...

1. ‫ﻧﯿﺴﺖ؛‬ ‫ﯾﮑﯽ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﻮر‬ ‫اﻗﺴﺎم‬ 2 ‫ﻧﯿﺴﺖ؛‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﯾﮏ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻇﻠﻤﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻧﻮر‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ِ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬. 3 ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫اﻧﻮار‬ ‫ﺗﺸﮑﯿﮏ‬. ‫اﺳﺖ؛‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺗﺸﮑﯿﮏ‬ 4 ‫ﻧﺰد‬ ‫در‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬. ‫اﺳﺖ؛‬ ‫ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯽ‬ ‫اﻣﺮي‬ ‫ﻧﻮر‬ ‫وﻟﯽ‬ ‫اﻋﺘﺒﺎري،‬ ‫اﺷﺮاق‬ ‫ﺷﯿﺦ‬ 5 ‫ﺧﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺻﺪرا‬. ‫و...‬ ‫دارد؛‬ ‫اﻋﺘﺮاف‬ ‫ﻧﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫وﺟﻮد‬ ‫ﺳﻌﮥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻫﯽ‬ .«...

اساسِ فلسفه­ شیخ اشراق نور و اساسِ فلسفه ملاصدرا وجود است؛ از نظرِ ملاصدرا وجودِ موردِ نظرِ وی با نورِ اشراقی یکی است؛ حال آن­که شیخ اشراق لااقل قسمی از وجوداتِ مصطلح یعنی همان اجسام را نور نمی­نامد و از بین اجسام تنها به نور بودنِ نورِ حسی معتقد است؛ و همین نکته دشواری­های بسیاری در یکی دانستنِ نورِ اشراقی با وجود صدرایی فراهم می­آورد؛ تا این­که ص...

ملاصدرا در آثار خود، بویژه در تعلیقات بر شرح حکمهالاشراق، از آراء شیخ اشراق درباره» نور خوانشهایی ارائه میدهد که همسو با آموزه های مکتب فکری خود وی، یعنی متکی بر مباحث وجودی است. از مهمترین این خوانشها، تفسیر نور بودن نفس یا «من» به «وجود» است. نظرات ملاصدرا در این نوع خوانشها، که بر تفسیر نوریت نفس به وجود هم اثر میگذارد، بر یکسان انگاری نور و وجو...

1 ‫روح،‬. 2 ‫ﻋﻘﻞ‬. ‫دل،‬ ‫و‬ 3 ‫ﻣﺮﺗﺒﮥ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﺼﯿﻞ،‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﻮاس‬. 1 ‫روح،‬. 2 ‫ﻧﻔﺲ،‬. 3 ‫دل‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻞ‬. 4. ‫و...،‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮك‬ ‫ﺣﺲ‬ ‫وﻫﻢ،‬ ‫ﺧﯿﺎل،‬ 5 ‫ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮاس‬. ‫ﻣﺘﺮﺗﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺪﯾﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫اﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻃﺮح‬ ِ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻧﻪ،‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺮ،‬ ‫اﯾﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺪ.‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺻﺪر‬ ‫ﮐﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺒﯿﺮي‬ ‫وﺣﺪت؛‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮐﺜﺮت‬ ‫ﺻﻌﻮدي‬ ِ ‫ﺳﯿﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﮐﺜﺮت‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫وﺣﺪت‬ ِ ‫ﻧﺰ...

Leading scholars in the field of ḥikmah have looked at the connection between the Eternal Leaven, the Khusrawānῑ Leaven, and the Pythagorean Leaven in Suhrawardῑ's works, and concluded that his purpose is merely to revive the old ḥikmah traditions, not to establish a new one. There are several ways to prove that Suhrawardῑ's ḥikmat al-ishrāq aims t...