Ali H. Al-Hoorie

Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu | RCJY · English Language and Preparatory Year Institute

This article reports the first meta-analysis of the L2 Motivational Self System (Dörnyei, 2005, 2009). A total of 32 research reports, involving 39 unique samples and 32,078 language learners, were meta-analyzed. The results showed that the three components of the L2 Motivational Self System (the ideal L2 self, the ought-to L2 self, and the L2 lear...

This paper investigates the attitudinal/motivational predictors of second language (L2) academic achievement. Young adult learners of English as a foreign language (N = 311) completed several self-report measures and the Single-Target Implicit Association Test. Examination of the motivational profiles of high and low achievers revealed that attachm...

In this article, we introduce a template of methodological considerations, termed “the dynamic ensemble,” for scholars doing or evaluating empirical second language development (SLD) research within a complexity/dynamic systems theory (CDST) framework. Given that CDST principles have yielded significant insight into SLD and have become central to t...

Professor Zoltán Dörnyei (1960–2022) was a Hungarian-born applied linguist who had an immense impact on the field of second language acquisition including individual differences and motivation and attitudes. Besides these substantive contributions, he also educated generations of applied linguists about research methodology through his now classic...

نظرة عامة على الشروط والمعايير التي يجب أن تستوفيها المجلات العلمية حتى تدخل في قواعد البيانات العالمية

In this report, we reviewed Open Scholarship in Applied Linguistics: What, Why, and How, a two-day online symposium held in June 2022. The symposium was the inaugural event of Open Applied Linguistics, a newly established AILA research network dedicated to the promotion of open scholarship in applied linguistics. We started with the background agai...

Professor Zoltán Dörnyei (1960–2022) was a Hungarian-born applied linguist who had an immense impact on the field of second language acquisition including individual differences and motivation and attitudes. Besides these substantive contributions, he also educated generations of applied linguists about research methodology through his now classic...

If English is the lingua franca for business, science, and technology, Arabic is the undisputed lingua franca for Muslims. For Muslims, it is the language of the Quran, Prophet Muhammad, prayer, and paradise. Non-Arabic speaking Muslims must use Arabic to perform daily rituals, even if they do not fully understand the literal meaning of most of the...

VIDEO: https://youtu.be/r3CQixr3RVA - This symposium aims to celebrate the contributions that Professor Zoltán Dörnyei has made to the field of the psychology of language learning and teaching, especially language motivation. Starting his publication journey in the mid-80s, Dornyei has made an impressive impact on shaping the field, with a list of...

VIDEO: https://youtu.be/Ivf_8G7NctI - PUBLISHED PAPER: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350159322_Engagement_in_language_learning_A_systematic_review_of_20_years_of_research_methods_and_definitions - ABSTRACT: At the turn of the new millennium, Dörnyei and Kormos (2000) proposed that ‘active learner engagement is a key concern’ for all inst...

Self-determination theory is one of the most established motivational theories both within second language learning and beyond. This theory has generated several mini-theories, namely: organismic integration theory, cognitive evaluation theory, basic psychological needs theory, goal contents theory, causality orientations theory, and relationships...

VIDEO: https://youtu.be/Tslf_m5ZJCw - A talk at the the Open Scholarship in Applied Linguistics symposium. Cambridge, UK. Dedicated to the memory of Prof. Zoltan Dorney, who passed away on the day this campaign was launched. Sign up here: https://freeourknowledge.org/2022-06-06-postprint-pledge-for-linguists/ - See also: https://www.ali-alhoorie.co...

Self-determination theory is one of the most established motivational theories both within second language learning and beyond. This theory has generated several mini-theories, namely: organismic integration theory, cognitive evaluation theory, basic psychological needs theory, goal contents theory, causality orientations theory, and relationships...

VIDEOS: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJWlV4TbEDStlxJo7rQoWdFV6WUDWM-Rj - Engagement is one of the hottest research topics in the field of educational psychology (Fredericks, Filsecker, & Lawson, 2016), and has recently emerged as a topic of interest in language (L2) education (e.g., Mercer & Dörnyei, forthcoming; Philp & Duchesne, 2016; S...

Associative memory (AM) is conceptualized as the ability to form links between two previously unrelated pieces of information so that the subsequent presentation of one activates the memory of the other. Unlike other types of memory for which standardized assessment tools exist, AM is assessed mostly by ad hoc tasks designed to tackle specific rese...

In the 19th century, Donders (1868/1969) argued that although psychologists could not directly observe mental processes, they could still infer them through performance speed in response to different stimuli. Donders described several experiments reporting different latencies depending on, for example, whether an object was placed to the right or l...

In recent years, the scientific community has called for improvements in the credibility, robustness, and reproducibility of research, characterized by higher standards of scientific evidence, increased interest in open practices, and promotion of transparency. While progress has been positive, there is a lack of consideration about how this approa...

In contemporary methodological thinking, replication is increasingly holding an important place in various disciplines, including applied linguistics. At the same time, relatively little attention has been paid to replication in the context of complex dynamic systems theory (CDST), perhaps due to uncertainty regarding the epistemology–methodology m...

Complexity theory/dynamic systems theory (CDST) has captured the imagination of many in the field of applied linguistics (Larsen-Freeman, Diane & Lynne Cameron. 2008. Complex systems and applied linguistics . Oxford: Oxford University Press; Ortega, Lourdes & Zhao Hong Han (eds.). 2017. Complexity theory and language development: In celebration of...

Open scholarship has transformed research, and introduced a host of new terms in the lexicon of researchers. The ‘Framework for Open and Reproducible Research Teaching’ (FORRT) community presents a crowdsourced glossary of open scholarship terms to facilitate education and effective communication between experts and newcomers.

تعريف بمعامل التأثير للمجلات العلمية وطريقة حسابه وعيوبه وكيف يمكن لمحرري المجلات التلاعب به رابط المحاضرة المسجلة على اليوتيوب https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O2JA3ZHZb3g

Complexity theory/dynamic systems theory has challenged conventional approaches to applied linguistics research by encouraging researchers to adopt a pragmatic transdisciplinary approach that is less paradigmatic and more problem-oriented in nature. Its proponents have argued that the starting point in research design should not be the quantitative...

In this chapter, we provide an overview of various topics related to open science, drawing often (and necessarily) on work outside of applied linguistics. Here, we define open science more broadly. Rather than limiting open science to the question of whether a study and its data are open access or behind a paywall, this chapter defines open science...

WATCH THE VIDEO: https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1FS4y1j7ed - In contemporary methodological thinking, replication holds a central place. However, relatively little attention has been paid to replication in the context of complex dynamic systems theory (CDST), perhaps due to uncertainty regarding the epistemology-methodology match between these do...

This book deals with one of the most crucial concepts in second language learning: motivation. In recognition of the fact that motivation plays a pivotal role in understanding the processes of second language acquisition, there has been a rapid expansion of research, journal articles, books, and conference presentations attempting to better underst...

Video recording: https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1FS4y1j7ed

Directed motivational currents, unique and intense goal-directed motiva-tional surges lasting over a period of time, have received increasing attention recently. This article reports the first systematic review of this phenomenon. A total of 21 reports appearing between 2013 and 2020 were included in the analysis. The results show that the majority...

History of predatory publishers, definition, strings, exampls, and what you should do about them.

Emergency remote teaching refers to the unanticipated, involuntary shift to a virtual learning environment due to, for example, a natural disaster or political instability. The sudden nature of this transition creates additional challenges to effective learning. In this article, we investigate one such challenge, namely the potential for teacher–st...

Peer review, its validity, empirical evidence on it, and alternatives. Recording on YouTube: https://youtu.be/h0etZhyCUZ0

تاريخ المجلات المفترسة، وتعريفها، وعمليات التحقق منها، وأمثلة عليها، وكيفية التعامل معها. تسجيل المحاضرة على اليوتيوب: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AzRRkqTvPo

Research into language learning demotivation has tended to focus on the identification of discrete factors resulting in demotivation. In this article, we report an investigation into the interrelationship among factors eventually leading to demotivation using a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design. In Study 1, 13 participants were interviewe...

A quarter of a century has passed since complex dynamic systems theory was proposed as an alternative paradigm to rethink and reexamine some of the main questions and phenomena in applied linguistics and language learning. In this article, we report a scoping review of the heterogenous body of research adopting this framework. We analyzed 158 repor...

Recording on YouTube: https://youtu.be/ubKTIo63lS0 - Learners' interlanguage development is nonlinear and characterized by phases of stability alternating with high degrees of variability that accompany rapid development (e.g., Lowie & Verspoor, 2019). Variability is thought to be a necessary feature of L2 development (Verspoor & de Bot, 2021), an...

In this talk, I will give an overview many researchers find publication hard. I discuss both historical factors and researcher-related factors. At the end of this talk, I discuss the benefits of multi-lab collaborations, interdisciplinary research, and open science.

With the advent of COVID-19, learning has transitioned from the classroom to online platforms (Tang et al., 2020). Interestingly, this forced migration to online teaching has coincided with the rise of the popularity of flipped learning in education in general (Låg & Sæle, 2019) and ELT and L2 in particular (Mehring, 2018). Flipped learning, in a g...

Despite a distinct trend towards openness in research and education characterized by, for example, the open access, open data, open science, and open educational resources movements, there remains significant barriers for research communities in the global south in terms of their participation and recognition in both formal and informal scholarly d...

In order for students to learn a language, they need to engage with it. Sometimes, however, students are reluctant to engage seriously in these activities. At other times, they may even feign task engagement such as to please the teacher. These learners may disengage cognitively, emotionally, or behaviorally. This presentation will discuss how to a...

At the turn of the new millennium, in an article in Language Teaching Research in 2000, Dörnyei and Kormos proposed that ‘active learner engagement is a key concern’ for all instructed language learning. Since then, language engagement research has increased exponentially. In this article, we present a systematic review of 20 years of language enga...

Motivating students is an important concern for language teachers. One of the most direct ways to motivate students is for the teacher to talk them into it. This study investigates the effectiveness of narrating inspirational stories about successful role models on motivating a sample of Saudi university learners of English (N = 270). Teachers of t...

Recording on YouTube: https://youtu.be/eyWpLST50wM - The year 1994 marks the date of the very first contribution on the topic of complexity theory/dynamic systems theory (CDST) in the field—a conference paper delivered at the Second Language Research Forum. Since then, numerous empirical studies have been conducted testing the applicability of CDST...

A cursory look at the literature is enough to convince the reader that motivation research is an increasingly flourishing area in applied linguistics. More and more researchers are showing interest in understanding learner (and teacher) motivation, in theory and in practice. This may be because of the perception that motivation has more direct appl...

The 40 th anniversary of the Journal of Language and Social Psychology occurs around the corner of another anniversary, the language motivation field reaching 60 years. At this occasion, we pause to reflect on the contribution of language motivation research to language teaching practice. We argue that this contribution has been negligible and put...

This book defines engagement for the field of language learning and contextualizes it within existing work on the psychology of language learning and teaching. Chapters address broad substantive questions concerned with what engagement is or looks like, and how it can be theorized for the language classroom; methodological questions related to the...

In this chapter, our objective is to explore the past, present and future of measuring the construct of engagement. We first introduce some of the more prominent approaches to measuring student engagement from general education, including student self-report, experience sampling, teacher ratings of students, interviews and observations (Hofkens & R...

In this chapter, we describe the policies, curricula and pedagogical practices guiding the preparation of teachers of English as an additional language in Saudi Arabia. We start by describing the historical context, national policy and learner and teacher populations. We then focus on English teachers’ preparation programs in the country, describin...

Flipped learning has become a popular approach in various educational fields, including second language teaching. In this approach, the conventional educational process is reversed so that learners do their homework and prepare the material before going to class. Class time is then devoted to practice, discussion, and higher-order thinking tasks in...

Academics have been doing research on teaching in general, and on language teaching in particular, for decades. However, there is still skepticism about the extent to which this research has had a tangible impact on teaching practice. In this talk, I will present this view and the arguments of its proponents. The audience will then have a chance to...

This lecture summarizes the results of a recent study on the use of Turnitin to promote critical thinking using controversial essays. The participants provided feedback on essays written by their peers. We analyzed the proportion of local (i.e., language-related) and global (e.g., ideas, argumentation). We found that the participants provided signi...

In this study, we examine the fundamental difference hypothesis in language motivation, which suggests that language learning—at the motivational level—is qualitatively different from learning other school subjects. Despite being a longstanding assumption, few investigations have directly examined it. Using a comparative cross-sectional approach, w...

In this book, we try to provide a practical, down-to-earth guide for those who are involved in language learning and teaching. We hope that this book will be a useful reading for those who would like to incorporate higher-order thinking skills (HOTS)-enhancing techniques in their teaching practice. We set out from the position that, although it is...

A reflective journal, also known as a reflective narrative, is a collection of thoughts, feelings, observations, notes, and other related resources created over a period of time. It typically supplements the study cycle, fieldwork, or a placement experience. The purpose of a reflective journal is to enrich individuals’ learning through the actual p...

Graphic organizers as a communication tool employ visual symbols to express knowledge, concepts, thoughts, ideas, and their associations. Graphic organizers encompass several variants, such as knowledge maps, concept maps, semantic maps, and advanced organizers with the concept maps as one of the most widely used in the educational domain (see exam...

The focus of this book is on cultivating higher order thinking skills (HOTS) in language classes. It aims to serve as a guidebook for language teachers and students. Although the book is intended to be a practical toolkit for readers, some introductory discussion on HOTS from a theoretical standpoint is helpful in ushering the reader to the practic...

The roots of emotional intelligence (EI) stem from the notion of social intelligence. Thorndike (in Intelligence and its uses. Harper’s Mag 140:227–335, 1920) regarded EI via the lens of social intelligence, stating that social intelligence is the capability to empathize with others and perform sensibly in human relationships (see Goleman in Workin...

Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is the field of study interested in analyzing discourse to find hidden meanings and to uncover the relationships among discourse, ideology, and power (Fairclough in Discourse and social change. Polity Press, Cambridge, 1992). Fairclough (Critical discourse analysis. Longman, London, 1995), the father of modern CDA,...

Critical thinking enables us to ensure that we have good reasons to believe or do what people attempt to persuade us to do or to believe. When the question why? is involved, we look for a reason for doing an activity, or for believing what we believe. Trying to persuade somebody else by providing good reasons is to give an argument. In some respect...

Nowadays, many people seem to see, think, and act in a robot-like way. In those moments, they break contact with what is deepest in themselves and what possibly affords them their greatest opportunities for creativity, learning, and growing. When such moments persist, one could fall into the trap of automaticity and unawareness (Kabat-Zinn, in Mind...

Video: https://youtu.be/XK2xmieJgQY - This presentation provides and overview of 1) basic statistical concepts, 2) common tests and procedures, and 3) some tip for more effective data analysis. It is intended for students and early career researchers interested in a better understanding of statistics.

Flipped learning has become an important area of investigation in the second language field. We located 56 flipped learning interventions through a systematic search on databases including Scopus and Proquest. Analysis of methodological and design features of these reports showed that almost half of them did not check the reliability of their outco...

Although an important goal of learner peer feedback is promoting critical thinking, little attention has been paid to the nature of the topic, particularly whether it is controversial. In this article, we report on a study where 52 English majors were asked to comment on essays written by their peers using the PeerMark module of Turnitin. Half of t...

Vivid mental imagery, particularly of the self in future states, has been linked to a range of desirable motivational outcomes for language learning. In this study, we report a pre-registered conceptual replication and extension of You, Dörnyei, and Csizér (2016), who found a central motivational role for vision. We review essential considerations...

An important part of professional development is engaging in scholarly research. However, many ELT researchers do not have sufficient training in quantitative analysis, which can be a major obstacle to successfully publishing one’s findings in high-impact journals. This presentation overviews the most common statistical problems found in second lan...

This book provides practical guidance on research methods and designs that can be applied to Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST) research. It discusses the contribution of CDST to the field of applied linguistics, examines what this perspective entails for research and introduces practical methods and templates, both qualitative and quantitative,...

This book brings together contributions from the leaders of the language learning motivation field. The varied chapters demonstrate how Gardner's work remains integral to a diverse range of contemporary theoretical issues underlying the psychology of language, even today, 60 years after the publication of Gardner and Lambert's seminal 1959 paper. T...

Some 60 years ago, Gardner and Lambert’s (1959) seminal paper, ‘Motivational variables in second language acquisition’, was published in the Canadian Journal of Psychology. The paper totaled seven pages with 20 references, yet its impact on the study of motivation in second language learning has been immeasurable. The 1959 paper represents the begi...

In recent years, vision has become a major theme in language motivation research, capturing a core feature of modern theories of language motivation. However, empirical investigations have mostly followed the prototypical design of administering self-report questionnaires and examining correlations among a handful of variables. At the same time, su...

In this chapter, Al-Hoorie presents an overview of the role of unconscious motivation and its relationship to conscious motivation. The author reviews some interesting findings from mainstream psychology pointing to the pervasive role of unconscious processes in human motivation. The discussion is then linked to language learning, where comparable...

Watch the recording on YouTube: https://youtu.be/YixGVTCIq9g - also the panel discussion: https://youtu.be/YF69Q6JzcxI

This presentation discusses the different types of publication outlets available for language researchers and the advantages and disadvantages of each. More specifically, it details the requirements of publishing books, edited volumes, book chapters, journal articles, and conference proceedings. The challenges inherent in each is discussed along wi...

Two decades ago, scholars first proposed that applied linguistics issues could profit by being viewed explicitly in complexity theory (CDST) terms, and since then CDST has gained considerable currency in the field. There is rapidly increasing interest in adopting complex dynamic systems theory (CDST) in domains as diverse as educational linguistics...

For many researchers across various applied linguistic disciplines, one of the first steps in a research program is determining whether to apply a quantitative or qualitative design. This distinction has dominated the social sciences for decades, with proponents of these respective designs highlighting the drawbacks of the other approach, while oth...

This paper investigates how L2 motivation evolves over time in higher education. A motivational-intensity questionnaire was developed and administered to a sample of 145 first-year male students studying in the foundation year of a higher education institution in Saudi Arabia. The Mann–Whitney U test and the Student’s t-test showed that the motivat...

A recent development in educational psychology is the study of academic buoyancy—the capacity to overcome the setbacks, challenges, and pressures that are part of the ordinary course of school life. This paper reports the first attempt to test the relevance of buoyancy to second language (L2) learning and achievement. Questionnaire data were collec...

This symposium celebrates the legacy and continuing influence of Robert C. Gardner, the father of the second language (L2) motivation field, at the 60th anniversary of the seminal paper by Gardner and Lambert (1959). Gardner's contributions go beyond the one-dimensional integrative-instrumental dichotomy. A group of distinguished scholars were invi...

This presentation surveys the different stages that the L2 motivation field has passed through to date. This presentation sets the scene for the following presentations in this symposium.

This symposium celebrates the legacy and continuing influence of Robert C. Gardner, the father of the L2 motivation field, at the 60th anniversary of the seminal paper by Gardner and Lambert (1959). Gardner's contributions go beyond the one-dimensional integrative-instrumental dichotomy. A group of distinguished scholars were invited to contribute...

Flow refers to a special experience of total absorption in one task. Sustained flow (also known as directed motivational currents) is the occurrence of flow in a series of tasks aimed at achieving a certain outcome (for example improving proficiency in a second language). In this article, we investigate shared, sustained flow—which occurs when a gr...

This symposium celebrates the legacy and continuing influence of Robert C. Gardner, the father of the L2 motivation field, at the 60th anniversary of the seminal paper by Gardner and Lambert (1959). Gardner’s contributions go beyond the one-dimensional integrative–instrumental dichotomy. A group of distinguished scholars were invited to contribute...

This report presents a review of the statistical practices of 30 journals representative of the second language field. A review of 150 articles showed a number of prevalent statistical violations including incomplete reporting of reliability, validity, non-significant results, effect sizes, and assumption checks as well as making inferences from de...

In many Asia TEFL contexts, emphasis in academic promotions and tenure is placed on journals listed in Scopus and the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). However, these indexing services do not offer a subcategory specific to second/foreign language (L2) research and practice, apart from rather generic categories such as linguistics and educatio...

The field of language motivation is almost 60 years old. Throughout these decades, one idea has been persistent: Motivation is assumed to be a conscious process on which the learner can exert direct control. That this conscious conceptualization might not give the full picture has not been seriously entertained. An important consequence ensuing fro...

This article offers a historical analysis of the major themes that the language motivation field has examined in its 60-year history. The discussion starts by briefly reviewing the social-psychological and the situated–cognitive periods. The former was primarily concerned with affective factors in intergroup relations, while the latter with learner...

Because current thinking in our field acknowledges the situated nature of language learning, integrating various situative processes with individual constructs offers an innovative way to empirically examine L2 learning and development in particular contexts as a function of individuals’ participation in social practices. The purpose of this study...

Because current thinking in our field acknowledges the situated nature of language learning, integrating various situative processes with individual constructs offers an innovative way to empirically examine L2 learning and development in particular contexts as a function of individuals’ participation in social practices. The purpose of this study...

This paper reports the first investigation in the second language acquisition field assessing learners’ implicit attitudes using the Implicit Association Test, a computerized reaction-time measure. Examination of the explicit and implicit attitudes of Arab learners of English (N = 365) showed that, particularly for males, implicit attitudes toward...