Alfredo Rodriguez-Muñoz

• PhD Psychology
• Professor at Complutense University of Madrid

The Socioeconomic Status (SES) of schools is arguably the most widely used contextual variable in educational research. Traditional approaches for gathering school SES information have frequently relied upon numerous items – some of which are open-ended – imposing a significant burden on both informants and researchers. To address this concern, thi...

Exposure to bullying behaviors has been associated with a variety of negative health outcomes, such as sleep complaints. However, the current state of the knowledge is limited regarding the short-term bullying processes. Thus, we conducted research with two different time frames, to analyze short- (diary) and medium-term (monthly) associations of w...

Exposure to bullying behaviours has been associated with a variety of negative health outcomes, such as sleep complaints. However, the current state of the knowledge is limited regarding the association with objective sleep. The present study investigated the short‐term effects of workplace bullying on objective sleep patterns using an actigraphy d...

Although sexual fantasies are a central component of the human sexual experience, not many studies have addressed the question of its content and, when carried out, samples have been too small and young. At the same time, gender plays a vital role in determining the content of fantasies and shaping sexual experiences. The present study tries to tac...

Work–family conflict (WFC) is a common experience which frequently affects employees’ performance and wellbeing. But among dual-earner couples, is it possible that employees’ WFC relates to spouses’ job performance? Why does this occur and what are the associated consequences? Drawing on crossover literature and the stressor–detachment model, we ex...

This article examines how inequalities in digital skills shape the outcomes of online job‐seeking processes. Building on a representative survey of Spanish job seekers, we show that people with high digital skill levels have a greater probability of securing a job online, because of their ability to create a coherent profile and make their applicat...

Through job crafting, employees proactively change or modify their tasks, thus reducing adverse job demands or protecting resources. There is still a lack of understanding of the impact that job crafting may have on colleagues at work (crossover effect), and how this may affect their ability to disconnect from work (spillover effect). In the presen...

The aim of this intensive longitudinal study was (1) to explore the temporal evolution of two mental health indicators (anxiety and depressive symptoms, and insomnia) throughout COVID-19 lockdown in Spain, and (2) to examine its association with two work-related stressors (job insecurity and work-family conflict). A sample of 1519 participants resp...

Workplace bullying is one of the most relevant social stressors at work. Although previous research has shown its negative consequences for health and well-being, scarce evidence about the short-term consequences of workplace bullying and its crossover effects on the home domain is available. Thus, we conducted a multisource weekly diary study. A s...

There has been an increasing interest in the role of emotional skills in the academic field over the past decades. The current study, by using a weekly diary design, examines within-person variations in positive emotions, student engagement, and performance. The sample consisted of 116 university students who, over 4 consecutive weeks, completed a...

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en desarrollar una propuesta de mejora de los protocolos de prevención y actuación frente al acoso sexual laboral y por razón de sexo de las instituciones y empresas españolas. Para ello se revisan un total de 94 protocolos, siendo 37 de organizaciones públicas españolas, 40 de organizaciones privadas y 17 de or...

En los últimos años, el uso de nuevas tecnologías ha crecido de manera exponencial. Actualmente, está presente en todos los ámbitos de nuestra vida, incluido el académico. El presente estudio examinó el efecto del uso diario del teléfono inteligente durante las clases tanto en el engagement académico como en el agotamiento. Se recolectaron datos de...

Participation is generally recommended when implementing organisational interventions, however, understanding how participation works remains understudied. In a cluster-randomised, controlled intervention employing a wait-list control design, we explore whether perceptions of individual or collective participation had the greatest impact on a parti...

This daily diary study addresses whether work colleague’s mindfulness at workplace relates to employee’s well-being and performance. Our sample was comprised by 63 couples of coworkers, who filled in quantitative web-based reports twice a day during a whole working week ((N = 126; 1260 occasions). Multilevel analysis was performed, thus showing tha...

Background: Starting from the Demands-Resources model, our aims through this diary research were to explore daily diary fluctuations in work engagement in a sample of teachers and to look for the effects of that on affect and satisfaction at home. Method: Several Latent Growth Curve (LCGA) models were run on two dimensions of work engagement (vi...

The aim of this weekly diary study was (a) to identify trajectories of workplace bullying over time and (b) to examine the association of each cluster with strain indicators (i.e., insomnia and anxiety/depression). A sample of 286 employees during 4 weeks of data was used (N occasions = 1,144). Results of latent class growth modeling showed that 3...

Background: Workplace bullying is considered a major social stressor at work. However, in the Spanish context, there is a lack of measures that allow researchers and practitioners to distinguish between non-targets and targets of workplace bullying. Method: This study reports the psychometric properties, factor structure, and cutoff scores for t...

Este trabajo ha obtenido un accésit del Premio Estudios Financieros 2019 en la modalidad de Recursos Humanos. En los últimos años, el uso de las nuevas tecnologías ha crecido de forma exponencial. Actualmente, está presente en todos los ámbitos de nuestra vida, incluido el laboral. Desde esta perspectiva, se comenzó a analizar el efecto que tiene s...

This study among 80 dual-earner couples examines the ripple effects of emotional labour – on a daily basis. Specifically, we propose that employees who engage in surface acting at work drain their energetic resources, and undermine their own relationship satisfaction. Drawing upon conservation of resources (COR) theory, we predicted that work-relat...

The current daily diary study among 60 dual-earner couples examined whether daily levels of mindfulness at work were associated with both the employees and their partners’ well-being. Based on the spillover-crossover model, we hypothesized that on days when the employees’ state mindfulness at work was higher, it would spill over to the home domain...

The present diary study investigates, at the within-person level, how job satisfaction mediates the relationship between self-rated job performance and recovery experiences (i.e., psychological detachment from work and relaxation) during off-job time. Furthermore, we explore the effects of these two recovery experiences on couple´s well-being. Data...

The factor structure of the Consideration of Future Consequences Scale (CFCS-14) is currently subject to debate and little is known about its temporal stability, or indeed whether temporal changes affect the factor structure. This study examined the factor structure of a Spanish version of the CFCS-14 in Uruguayan and Spanish samples. In Spain data...

In this multi-source daily diary study we examine the effect of exposure to workplace bullying behaviors on family domain outcomes (conflicts at home, relationship satisfaction), and the mediating role that psychological detachment and affective distress play in this relationship. A sample of 68 employees and their spouses filled in a quantitative...

Job crafting presents one set of proactive behaviours that employees may engage in to alter the job content or their relations at work. In recent years, several measures have been developed to capture job crafting. In the present study, we test the validity and reliability of an existing job crafting questionnaire (JCRQ) in four studies: First, we...

Job crafting presents one set of proactive behaviours that employees may engage in to alter the job content or their relations at work. In recent years, several measures have been developed to capture job crafting. In the present study, we test the validity and reliability of an existing job crafting questionnaire (JCRQ) in four studies: First, we...

The objective of this article is twofold; firstly, we establish the theoretical boundaries of positive leadership and the reasons for its emergence. It is related to the new paradigm of positive psychology that has recently been shaping the scope of organizational knowledge. This conceptual framework has triggered the development of the various for...

In this study among 206 employees (103 dyads), we followed the job demands– resources approach of job crafting to investigate whether proactively changing one's work environment influences employee's (actor's) own and colleague's (partner's) work engagement. Using social cognitive theory, we hypothesized that employees would imitate each other's jo...

Background and objectives: Workplace bullying has been classified as an extreme social stressor in work contexts and has been repeatedly linked to several negative consequences. However, little research has examined reversed or reciprocal relations of bullying and outcomes. Design: We conducted a two-wave longitudinal study with a time lag of si...

Este trabajo ha obtenido el Accésit Premio Estudios Financieros 2014 en la modalidad de Recursos Humanos. Actualmente el mundo laboral y las organizaciones se encuentran en un proceso de profundos cambios. Son numerosas las empresas que tratan de competir y sobrevivir mediante el recorte de costes y la reducción del número de empleados. Sin embargo...

Positive leadership is considered a fundamental factor which contributes significantly to the development of healthy organizations. Positive leadership has been address via other leadership models, primarily transformational and authentic leadership, with which some affinities have been established. Although there is a large body of literature on p...

Although previous research has shown a clear association between being a target and a perpetrator of bullying, there are no available studies exploring possible moderators of this relationship. The aim of this study is to examine the moderating role of psychological detachment and empathy on the relationship between target and perpetrator in workpl...

In this study of 80 dual‐earner couples, we examined the relationship between conflicts at work and at home on a daily basis. Using a strain‐based approach as well as literature on spillover–crossover and displaced aggression, we hypothesized that daily level of family–work conflict ( FWC ) would increase daily interpersonal conflicts with colleagu...

Although many studies in the field of recovery from work utilize a quantitative diary design, little is known about the validity of the daily measures used in such studies. The present study analyses the factor structure of the state version of the Recovery Experience Questionnaire (REQ) on the between-person (trait) and within-person (state) level...

Background: One of the most traditional approaches to the positive study of personality has been the research on Hardiness or Hardy Personality. However, studies about this construct have systematically suffered from a lack of sufficient psychometric guarantees of the measures. Method: This paper presents the Occupational Hardiness Questionnaire...

El objetivo del presente estudio de diario fue investigar si una experiencia positiva iniciada en el ámbito laboral (disfrutar en el trabajo), tiene un efecto indirecto en la pareja del trabajador. Basándonos en la teoría de Fredrisckson (2001) sobre “ampliar y construir”, planteamos la hipótesis de que el nivel diario de disfrute con el trabajo se...

Durante los últimos 10 años, la investigación en el área de la felicidad ha sufrido una gran explosión, creando una riqueza de conocimiento empírico sobre los mecanismos y procesos que hacen felices a las personas. Uno de los hallazgos más aceptados en este campo es que el trabajo contribuye de manera sustancial a mejorar el nivel de bienestar de l...

In this study the causal relationships between work characteristics, in terms of job demands and job resources, and both targets’ and perpetrators' reports of workplace bullying, are investigated. In line with the Job Demands-Resources model and the bullying literature, we assumed that both high job demands (i.e. workload, role conflict and job ins...

The current diary study among 50 Spanish dual-earner couples examines whether engagement at work has an impact on own and partners’ well-being. Based on the Spillover–Crossover model, we hypothesized that individuals’ work engagement would spill over to the home domain, increasing their happiness level at the end of the day. Moreover, we predicted...

El presente artículo introduce la sección monográfica sobre Psicología de la Salud Ocupacional Positiva (PSOP), presentando ocho trabajos teóricos y empíricos sobre diversos temas. Tradicionalmente, la investigación en salud ocupacional ha estado centrada principalmente en las causas de las enfermedades, así como en identificar y prevenir los facto...

Most studies on workplace bullying have been focused on victims and their perceptions. Recently, a few number of studies have directly evaluated perpetrators, unfortunately, without a validated questionnaire. Based on the NAQ-RE (Moreno-Jiménez et al., 2007), this article reports a study on a Spanish adaptation and validation of a negative acts que...

The buffering effects of supervisor support on the stressor–strain relationship have proven elusive in prior research (Beehr, Farmer, Glazer, Gudanowski and Nair (2003), ‘The Enigma of Social Support and Occupational Stress: Source Congruence and Gender Role Effects,’ Journal of Occupational and Health Psychology, 8, 220–231). We built on emerging...

The aim of this study was to explore longitudinal relationships between organizational factors (workload and procedural justice) and targets and perpetrators of workplace bullying. We compared several causal models (baseline or stability, normal, reversed and reciprocal models). The sample comprised 286 employees from two companies in Madrid, and w...

Based on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, the current study examined the moderating role of recovery experiences (i.e., psychological detachment from work, relaxation, mastery experiences, and control over leisure time) on the relationship between one job demand (i.e., role conflict) and work- and health-related outcomes. Results from our sa...

Although excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a common problem in children, with estimates of 15%; few studies have investigated the sequelae of EDS in young children. We investigated the association of EDS with objective neurocognitive measures and parent reported learning, attention/hyperactivity, and conduct problems in a large general populati...

The aim of the present study is to examine the moderating role of "laissez-faire" leadership on the relationship between organisational factors (role conflict and procedural justice) and workplace bullying. To minimise the effect of common method variance, we tested our hypothesis using a research design in which we collected data at two points in...

This article introduces the monographic section on Positive Occupational Health Psychology (POHP), presenting eight theoretical and empirical papers about diverse topics. Traditionally, research on occupational health has mainly been focused on causes of diseases and on identifying and preventing work factors related to worker's impaired health. Ho...

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the emerging concept of Positive Occupational Health Psychology (POHP). We discuss the usefulness of focusing on positive constructs in order to understand the path to health and well-being at work. We describe research findings on several POHP topics, including engagement, psychological capital, a...

The aim of this study was to explore longitudinal relationships between job demands, job resources, and recovery opportunities. On the basis of the Job Demands-Resources model and Conservation of Resources theory we hypothesized that we would find reciprocal relations between job demands, job resources, and recovery opportunities over time. The sam...

To examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and to determine its factor structure with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Self-reported information was collected from a sample of 500 adults (mean age 39.13 [standard deviation 15.85]years) drawn from a population of medical students and their s...

The aim of this study was to examine the factorial validity of the Job Expectations Questionnaire (Cuestionario de Expectativas Laborales CEL) in a sample of Mexican workers. Following a cross validation approach, two samples were used in the study. The first sample consisted of 380 professionals who mainly performed administrative work in the Heal...

Several studies have documented the link between exposure to bullying at work and several health problems. However, little is known about the mechanisms underpinning the relationship between bullying and its associated consequences. The aim of this study has been to test a model of mediation whereby need for recovery and worry as indicators of cogn...

The effects of psychosocial stressors may have an impact on employees' personal life, impairing their health. The objective of this study is to analyze the mediating role of work-family conflict in the relationship between workplace bullying and health problems. The sample was composed of 441 employees from different organizations in the telecommun...

The present study explores whether Karasek's Job Demand–Control (JDC) model's strain hypothesis can be applied to target's reports of bullying at work in matched samples of Spanish and Belgian blue-collar workers. In the Spanish sample, results reveal a positive main effect of workload and a negative main effect of autonomy. The relationship betwee...

The experience of role stress has been linked to burnout as an important job stressor, but the impact of this stressor in the context of engagement (characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption) has not yet been sufficiently studied among nurses. Personal resources also appear to influence the process of burnout and engagement. This study exa...

Previous research has shown that workplace bullying is related to several negative outcomes. In this line of research, few studies have focused on possible moderators of the experience of bullying. The aim of the present study was to examine the moderating role of physiological activation, measured as systolic blood pressure, in the relationship be...

La investigación sobre acoso psicológico en el trabajo ha mostrado que este fenómeno se encuentra relacionado con distintas consecuencias negativas. En este campo de investigación, son escasos los estudios que incluyan variables moderadoras en sus diseños. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en analizar el posible papel moderador de la activa...

A great deal of research has been conducted over last years in the field of workplace bullying. The present paper attempts to provide a comprehensive literature review of bullying at work. The first part of the paper is focused on different bullying definitions and its prevalence rates. The second part describes research findings on antecedents and...

The aim of this work was to examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the "Recovery Experience Questionnaire" developed by Sonnentag and Fritz. The sample was made up of 941 professionals from the security sector. Results from the exploratory factor analysis suggested the possibility of considering a four-factor structure. Confi...

The aims of the present study were twofold: assessing the prevalence and intensity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in victims of bullying, and exploring whether victims of bullying differ in their basic assumptions compared to a control group. A total of 183 victims of bullying and 183 control group participants took part in the r...

The study of burnout has been increasingly associated to the research of engagement, for which different models have been developed. The aim of this study was to present an application of the Job Demands-Resources model its relationship with burnout and engagement and its effects on symptoms and life satisfaction. The sample was composed of 190 pri...

The study of burnout has been increasingly associated to the research of engagement, for which different models have been developed. The aim of this study was to present an application of the Job Demands-Resources model its relationship with burnout and engagement and its effects on symptoms and life satisfaction. The sample was composed of 190 pri...

El objetivo de este estudio consistió en examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del «Cuestionario de Experiencias de Recuperación» desarrollado por Sonnentag y Fritz. La muestra estaba compuesta por 941 trabajadores del sector de seguridad. Los resultados del análisis factorial exploratorio sugirieron la posibilidad de consid...

Introduction: It is widely known that employees' job satisfaction and well-being is related to its productivity and quality of work. In the case of drug dependence technicians, existing research about its professional quality of life is scarce, being this a group exposed to several job stressors linked to emotional workload, patients, work team, et...

Introduction: It is widely known that employees' job satisfaction and well-being is related to its productivity and quality of work. In the case of drug dependence technicians, existing research about its professional quality of life is scarce, being this a group exposed to several job stressors linked to emotional workload, patients, work team, et...

Based on the effort-recovery model, this study links work-family conflict (WFC) and family-work conflict (FWC) with the concept of recovery. The authors hypothesize that 2 recovery strategies-psychological detachment from work and verbal expression of emotions-moderate the relationship of these 2 types of conflict with 2 indicators of well-being, n...

Workplace bullying has been defined as a stressor that has negative consequences. However, the direction of the bullying-well-being relationship has been largely based on cross-sectional findings, which does not permit conclusions in terms of causality. The purpose of this research was to investigate the cross-lagged relationships between bullying...

The aim of this work was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the "Survey Work-Home Interaction Nijmegen" (SWING) developed by S. Geurts and colleagues to evaluate the relationships between work and family. Its psychometric properties were analyzed with data from a sample of 283 emergency professionals. Results of confir...

El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del «Survey Work-Home Interaction-Nijmegen» (SWING), desarrollado por S. Geurts y colaboradores para evaluar las relaciones entre el trabajo y la familia. Se estudiaron sus propiedades psicométricas con una muestra de 283 profesionales de eme...

A recent number of studies have focused on the relations between psychosocial factors and sleep disturbances. Like other work-related stressors, workplace byllying is associated with several negative consequences. However, few studies have investigated the influence of workplace byllying on disturbed sleep. Insomnia is the most frequent sleep compl...

Between November 2002 and March 2003, the authors assessed the prevalence and correlates of napping among Spanish university students. The sample comprised 1,276 first-year university students; the mean age was 18.74 +/- 1.24 years, and 35.45% were men. The study was cross-sectional, and the students completed self-report, anonymous questionnaires...

The present study shows the development and the factorial validation of the Mobbing at Work Questionnaire (MWQ), analyzing the internal structure of the questionnaire, as well as the internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) of its different scales and the structural interdependence between them. The questionnaire was completed by 103 Spanish employe...

The aim of this study was to assess insomnia and sleep quality in primary care physicians with low and high burnout scores. A representative sample of 240 physicians was drawn from 70 medical centers in Madrid, Spain. Based on quartile splits of the overall index of the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire, 55 participants were allocated to a low-b...

Bullying at work has been receiving an increasing amount of research attention as an important social stressor in work contexts. Extant research has concentrated overwhelmingly on work related predictors of bullying. However, there is a lack of studies focusing on individual moderators of the experience of bullying. The aim of the present study was...

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of several personality variables (empathy, comprehensibility, challenge and sense of humour) as moderators of the relationship of job demands (traumatic task and overload) with secondary traumatic stress. 175 emergency professionals of the Community of Madrid completed the Secondary Traumatic Stress...

Se expone el desarrollo y validación factorial del Cuestionario de Acoso Psicológico en el Trabajo (CAPT), analizando la estructura del mismo, exa- minando su validez factorial, la consistencia interna de sus escalas (alfa de Cronbach) y la interdependencia estructural existente entre ellas. El cues- tionario fue aplicado a una muestra de 103 traba...

The present study shows the development and the factorial validation of the Mobbing at Work Questionnaire (MWQ), analyzing the internal structure of the questionnaire, as well as the internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) of its different scales and the structural interdependence between them. The questionnaire was completed by 103 Spanish employe...

Resumen. Objetivo. Se trata de explorar la prevalencia del insomnio y la calidad del sueño en una muestra de médicos de atención primaria desde una perspectiva de género. Sujetos y métodos. Se seleccionó una muestra representativa compuesta por 240 médicos de 70 centros de atención primaria de la Comunidad de Madrid. La tasa de respuesta fue del 71...

Este estudio explora la validez factorial del Maslach Burnout Inventory en una muestra de 454 psicólogos mexicanos. Se investigó la fiabilidad del MBI y su estructura factorial. Tanto los análisis factoriales exploratorios como los confirmatorios indican que el modelo original de tres factores del MBI muestra un buen ajuste a los datos, al igual qu...

El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en examinar el rol de diversas variables de personalidad (empatía, comprensibilidad, reto y sentido del humor) como moderadores de la relación entre las demandas laborales (tarea traumática y sobrecarga) con el estrés traumático secundario. 175 trabajadores de los servicios de emergencia de la Comunidad de...

Un creciente número de estudios han centrado su atención en las relaciones entre los factores psicosociales y las alteraciones de sueño. Al igual que otros estresores laborales, el acoso psicológico en el trabajo se relaciona con diversas consecuencias negativas. Sin embargo, muy pocos estudios han analizado la influencia del acoso en los problemas...

El estrés de rol ha sido asociado al desgaste profesional como un importante estresor laboral. Sin embargo, el impacto de este estresor en el contexto de engagement todavía no ha sido estudiado. El presente estudio examina la influencia de las habilidades de competencia emocional (expresión verbal de las emociones, discriminación emocional y empatí...

The aim of the present study was to validate a reduced Spanish version of the Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ; Einarsen & Raknes, 1997). This instrument, which has been widely used in various studies, was developed to measure workplace bullying. Two samples, the first comprising 352 employees from 11 organizations, and the second comprising victim...

Social support has been cited as one of the most effective resources to alleviate job-related stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effect of leader social support on the stress-strain relationship. A total of 768 workers from 45 different organizations participated in the study. The results of the moderated regression...

The aim of the study was to examine the influence of personality factors on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A total of 120 individuals, 60 with ulcerative colitis and 60 with Crohn's disease, filled out the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Neurot...

The aim of the current study was to test the factorial validity Of the Burnout of Psychologist Inventory (IBP) in a sample of Mexican professionals. The sample consisted of 454 Mexican psychologists. For this, a factor analysis using principal components and Obtimin rotation and a confirmatory factor analysis was carried out. The internal consisten...

In last years, theorists and researchers have pointed to the relevance of personal factors in resilience and vulnerability on burnout. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of hardy personality as moderator of the relationship between job stressors and burnout. A total of 405 firefighters of the Community of Madrid participated in the s...

Trauma has received a great deal of attention in the last years. One line of research in this field focuses on exploring the importance of personality variables in resistance and vulnerability in trauma (Beaton and Murphy, 1995; Dutton and Rubinstein, 1995; Figley, 1995). This empirical study explores the process of secondary traumatic stress among...

A pesar de que el síndrome de burnout ha sido sistemáticamente estudiado en numerosos países europeos, hasta la fecha apenas si ha habido investigación al respecto en Sudamérica. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron, en consecuencia, examinar la prevalencia del burnout en 454 psicólogos mexicanos e identificar las variables sociodemográficas a...