Alexandre O. Vera-Cruz

• PhD
• Professor (Full) at Metropolitan Autonomous University

Industry 4.0 faces great challenges in developing countries, such as Mexico, especially in terms of its effective adoption and modernization. The adoption of these new technologies presupposes the existence of productive organizations endowed with innovative technological capabilities, supported by national infrastructure. The following paper aims...

Este documento analiza el efecto de la regulación en los procesos de innovación de la industria farmacéutica. El objetivo es analizar el efecto que provoca la regulación en el desarrollo de un medicamento innovador, llevado a cabo por una empresa farmacéutica de capital mexicano. La investigación es de tipo exploratorio y el diseño utilizado es un...

dos de traducción In Mexico, diabetes mellitus is a growing disease with serious social impacts and high economic costs. In 2019, this disease was the second leading cause of death in the country and, as a consequence of the crisis generated by covid-19, it currently ranks third. Its effect, even in the pandemic, is broad, since it is identified as...

Este capítulo introduce al libro: Generación, movilización y uso del conocimiento en diabetes mellitus 2 en México, políticas públicas, agendas de investigación y aplicación del conocimiento. A lo largo del tiempo, en México se han acumulado capacidades científicas en el campo de salud: existe una importante producción de conocimientos sobre la mat...

La diabetes mellitus 2 es una enfermedad compleja, cuya evolución depende de di- versos determinantes clínicos, sociales y económicos (WHo, 2016). en el campo sanitario existe consenso sobre la eficacia de la atención integral para las personas con diabetes (Wagner, austin y davis, 2001). esto implica incluir múltiples atenciones de distintas espec...

This document analyses the effect of the regulation on the pharmaceutical industry’s innovation processes. The objective is analyzing the effect of the regulation on the development of an innovative drug produced by a Mexican-based pharmaceutical company. This is an exploratory-type and case study design research. The case is the development of a n...

The studies about technological capability accumulation (TCA) processes tend to adopt a narrow perspective to science, technology, and innovation and their policies, which is insufficient to understand these processes. It is necessary to frame the TCA processes at national levels, including technical, economic, environmental, social, and political...

En este documento, describimos cómo los gobiernos y el sector privado pueden organizarse para responder a retos, como el cambio climático, el envejecimiento y las epidemias, que exigen cambios institucionales sistémicos mediante políticas orientadas por misión (POM) donde un enfoque global anclado en la misión sirve para responder a estos retos exc...

Health innovation studies and the health disciplines highlight the importance of using knowledge to improve human welfare. However, these disciplines rarely yield discussion about this issue. The objective of this paper is to establish a dialogue between health innovation studies and the health disciplines, and to reveal the complementarities betwe...

Dialogues are dynamic processes of interaction based on directed communication and participation, designed to facilitate concertation and consensus dynamics that, from an instrumental point of view, allow diverse objectives of social action to be achieved. These objectives can range from mediation to Conflict resolution until the construction of pu...

La finalidad del trabajo que se presenta fue estudiar, con enfoque de Estudio de Redes del Conocimiento, la integración entre un grupo de proyectos de la Universidad Central Marta Abreu de las Villas (UCLV) y el Centro Universitario Municipal (CUM) Camajuaní, a las acciones de desarrollo local en el municipio.Se aplicaron métodos y técnicas de los...

Diabetes Mellitus has become an urgent national health problem in Mexico. We would expect knowledge production, particularly when is publicly funded, to be oriented towards the generation of useful applications and to collaborate in the solution of this disease. In this paper, we aim at analysing knowledge production for diabetes in terms of the Pa...

This paper aims at discussing the dimensions, conditions, and challenges of dialogue processes between different communities in order to contribute to STI policy-making within innovation systems in Latin America and the Caribbean. The evidence is based on fifteen cases. An analytical framework is proposed to analyse these dialogue processes, based...

El objetivo general de este trabajo es contribuir a identificar los factores críticos del éxito en casos de Políticas de Desarrollo Productio (PDP) en México, así como realizar una identificación preliminar de los factores que han impedido una aplicación más generalizada de las lecciones aprendidas en otros sectores de actividad del país. Se busca...

The study of technological capability accumulation processes (TCA) for developing countries is long-standing. The studies tend to adopt a narrow perspective to science, technology and innovation and their policies, which do not seem to be sufficient to understand TCA in countries that face the middle-income trap. This adds to the limited metrics we...

The study of Innovation Intermediary Organisations (IIOs) has gained great interest; these are perceived as important agents in connecting knowledge supply and demand in the context of national systems of innovation (NSI).1 This topic has been incorporated into the agricultural sector analysis, particularly in developed countries.2‒4 Accordingly, I...

Resumen. Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre los procesos de diálogo en torno a la formulación de políticas de ciencia, tecnología e innovación (CTI) en América Latina y el Caribe. El análisis se basa en una revisión del papel que cumple la participación pública en la formulación de políticas en el ámbito de los sistema...

Existe un consenso creciente acerca de la importancia del avance científico y tecnológico para el progreso económico. El incremento de la inversión nacional en ciencia y tecnología (CyT) es un factor esencial para asegurar el crecimiento económico de una nación (Schumpeter, 1942; Solow, 1956; Abramovitz, 1956, 1986). Los vínculos entre los actores...

Las empresas son el agente principal en la actividad innovadora, y el fomento de la innovación empresarial es el propósito central de las políticas nacionales de innovación. El acceso a financiamiento es a menudo el principal obstáculo a la actividad empresarial. El financiamiento es particularmente complicado para actividades innovadoras ya que es...

In Mexico there are public programs that promote the improvement of the technical and productive conditions of the agriculture sector through organisations such as Produce Foundation Puebla (FUPPUE). This organisation has implemented diverse mechanisms oriented to promoting farmers' technological and productive capabilities. However in some cases w...

Con el correr de los años la comunidad de investigadores que estudia el comportamiento de los sistemas innovativos nacionales de Ibero-américa ha ido adquiriendo solidez y comprensión de los aspectos dinámicos, no solo económicos sino también políticos e institucionales, así como sobre la interdependencia sistémica entre los diversos actores que in...

Este libro se enfoca en el análisis del sistema de innovación del sector agropecuario en México y explora dos rasgos relevantes del mismo: i) los vínculos entre dos actores fundamentales: investigadores y productores agropecuarios, y ii) el papel de las organizaciones intermediarias de innovación. Se analizan las características de la vinculación a...

este artículo busca asociar las variables que caracterizan a dichos investigadores con el tipo de productos de investigación que producen y las interacciones que establecen con los agricultores, y observar la naturaleza de estas diferencias. En otras palabras, lo que se pretende es explorar los diferentes perfiles de producción de los investigadore...

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la importancia que las fp asignan a un conjunto de funciones y actividades, y discutir algunas especificidades vis-a-vis las funciones de las oii establecidas en los países desarrollados. La fuente de información de este documento es una encuesta realizada entre los gerentes de las fp. Para diferenciar los gr...

This paper is about the linkage between academia and the productive sector in agriculture, focusing on the farmers’ point of view regarding this linkage. It also explores another dimension of knowledge transfer: the links that farmers establish with their peers to share the knowledge they acquire. Two research questions guided this study: (1) What...

There is extensive literature on university–firm links but it is mostly based on empirical evidence from advanced countries, emerging economies and developing countries that already have certain capabilities of the public research system and an important set of mature firms (of different sizes and even some exporters). This explains the use of a se...

Manual del Participante del módulo sobre "Aprendizaje y capacidades tecnológicas" del Diplomado en Innovación

The book has a strong theoretical foundation with empirical illustrations from diverse Latin American countries. As a whole, it offers a comprehensive exploration of the foundations of the theory of National Innovation Systems. The authors explore the particular problems that many Latin American countries have faced when trying to build innovation...

In the era of economy and society based on knowledge, the idea that knowledge and innovation are key factors for development has gained momentum. A wide debate has been opened regarding the role of knowledge and innovation, not only within the productive and economic processes, but also in relation to the improvement of the welfare of social groups...

Latin American countries still account for most of the world’s social challenges: extreme poverty, malnutrition, high infant mortality, low life expectancy and a decline in schooling quality indicators. For many countries, Mexico included, a number of these problems can be traced to income inequality, a lowqualified workforce, increasing presence o...

Today, a large number of scholars studying development understand this process as involving learning and capability building. Capability building is an active, not a passive, process. It requires a purposeful effort from the learner’s side, with support and commitment on allocation of time and resources toward learning activities. This process impl...

At the beginning of the 1970s Jorge Katz wrote “Importation de tecnología, aprendizaje e industrialización dependiente” (“Technology Imports, Local Learning and Dependent Industrialization”) (1971 and 1976), originally published in January of 1971 by the Instituto Torcuato di Tella, Buenos Aires, and his final version in 1976 by Fondo de Cultura Ec...

Innovation intermediary organizations (IIOs) may build bridges between the demand and supply of knowledge. The understanding concerning the scope and functions of these intermediaries in the case of the agricultural sector is scarce, particularly for developing countries. The aim of this article is to discuss the functions played by IIOs operating...

The building of innovation capabilities in industrial firms has received a great deal of attention in the last three decades; however, innovation capabilities within agriculture has barely been explored. This study contributes to this under-researched area by presenting a novel conceptual framework to analyse the dynamics of innovation capabilities...

En las últimas tres décadas un gran número de estudios teóricos y empíricos ha generado un importante avance en la comprensión de los factores que determinan las capacidades de innovación y sus efectos sobre el desempeño económico de las naciones, los sectores industriales y las empresas. Sobre la base de la teoría de la innovación y el cambio tecn...

A partir de la perspectiva sistémico-evolutiva, y de una evaluación amplia de la política de CTI mexicana del 2000 al 2006, este trabajo discute las dificultades para construir procesos co-evolutivos virtuosos de C&T e Innov, y sugiere las bases para un diseño de política de CTI de tres fases, para fortalecer el proceso de VSR y los mecanismos caus...

A growing body of literature is focusing on how the collaborations researchers engage in affect their productivity. Most authors have focused on linkages among academic researchers, measuring productivity by the number of papers published in ISI journals. In contrast, the impact of interactions between academic researchers and the business sector o...

Latin America faces today a crossroads, as the advances in the globalization impose the need to redefine its position in the world economy for the next decades. After the reform process of the late 1980s and 1990s was implemented some Latin American countries showed important growth results in a range of dimensions: education indexes, income per ca...

Este libro analiza los principales agentes que conforman el SNI mexicano, sus funciones y sus vínculos, integrando una perspectiva macro y micro.

Desde la teoría basada en recursos el objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar las diferencias en el desempeño de las PyMES pertenecientes a la industria de maquinados de México. Para ello,se identificaron ciertos recursos intangibles como la cultura,el conocimiento,la innovación y los vínculos de cooperación en las PyMES; y se analizó su incidenc...

We explore the effect of linkages between farmers and academic researchers on research productivity in fields related to agriculture. We found a positive and significant relationship between intensive linkages with a few farmers and research productivity, when this is defined as publications in ISI journals. This evidence contradicts other contribu...

Introduction Carlota Perez has reflected broadly about the diffusion of technological revolutions, the way in which technologies and technological capabilities determine the growth potential of countries, and the way in which the global technological context shifts windows of opportunity for the development of countries and regions. In this directi...

This paper explores the effect of commercial farmers-academic researchers linkages on research productivity in fields related to agriculture. Using original data and econometric analysis, our findings show a positive and significant relationship between intensive linkages with a small number of commercial farmers and research productivity, when thi...

Atlanta Conference on Science and Innovation Policy 2009 This presentation was part of the session : Policy Actors and Relationships This material is presented to ensure timely dissemination of scholarly and technical work. Copyright and all rights therein are retained by authors or by other copyright holders. All persons copying this information a...

"Since the 1980s, developing countries' agriculture has become more complex and diversified. In general, the public research and extension institutions in these countries were criticized for not participating in the emergence of the most dynamic agricultural markets. In recent years, many of these institutions have struggled to adapt to the new env...

This paper argues that in the context of the knowledge economy the coevolution of S&T and Innovation is crucial for developing countries. Two features limit such coevolution in this type of countries: (i) the conditions for generating variation, selection and retention (VSR) processes in both arenas are still incipient, there is neither the require...

There is growing recognition that innovation plays a key role in enhancing competitiveness and enable emerging economies catch up with rich countries. In this sense, Mexico needs to strengthen its national innovation system (NIS) in order to create wealth and reduce poverty and inequality. This book addresses these issues through a comprehensive an...

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the coevolution between two arenas, on one side the Science and Technology (S&T)1, and on the other the Innovation (Innov), from a developing country's perspective. It argues that in the context of the knowledge economy, the coevolution of these arenas is crucial for this type of countries to transit to a dev...

Subsidiaries of MNCs oriented towards assembling activities in developing countries gradually accumulate technological capabilities. This is not necessarily the result of a deliberate strategy to build up decentralised capabilities, but an outcome of the learning processes at the plant level. This accumulation generates pressure on the headquarters...

Las Fundaciones Produce fueron una innovación institucional de gran importancia, contribuyendo al diseño de políticas sectoriales, científicas y de innovación para el campo, a la transformación de las instituciones públicas de investigación agropecuaria, y a abrir canales de comunicación entre funcionarios públicos y productores agropecuarios. En s...

Based on a recent and comprehensive evaluation of the Mexican science, technology and innovation policy during the 2001-2006 period, this paper discusses the impact of changes in the design and implementation of this policy on the structure of economic incentives that influence the behaviour of actors in the science, technology and innovation syste...

Bases para una política de estado en ciencia, tecnología e innovación en México, Foro Consultivo Científico y Tecnológico, versión para comentarios

This paper addresses two related issues seldom explored in the literature on learning and technological capability accumulation in developing countries: first, whether and how firms' learning and accumulation processes change in response to radical modifications in the context; second, how differently firms respond to such changes, with special emp...

Este trabajo analiza el proceso de acumulación de capacidades tecnológicas de tres maquiladoras en México, evalua los niveles de acumulación alcanzados y discute algunos hechos estilizados del proceso de acumulación en esta industria, en particular los principales disparadores de la acumulación local.

Se analiza el proceso de acumulación de capacidades tecnológicas de tres maquiladoras en México en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua con el método propuesto por Bell y Pavitt para este tipo de industrias en países en desarrollo y adaptado a México. El énfasis de estas industrias es el del sector electrónico de consumo y para autopartes. Este análisis esta i...

Resumen A nivel internacional, hay cierto consenso de que las empresas multinacionales (MNCs) pueden actuar como un canal para la difusión de conocimiento y tecnología, y contribuir a acelerar los procesos de desarrollo económico en los países donde se establecen a través de las derramas tecnológicas. Las derramas son benéficas en la medida en que...

From the mid-1960s, 'maquila' plants were established in the Mexican Northern border. The Mexican model was based on foreign firms establishing their own assembly plants. Even though this model was less successful than that of East and South East Asian in terms of several techno-economic indicators, it has largely contributed to employment generati...

Este libro estudia la competitividad empresarial en relación con las políticas tecnológicas. El libro rescata la noción de cultura de la empresa como factor inevitablemente moldeador de las estrategias especificas de respuesta de cada compañía en particular ante similares retos y presiones externas. Con ello aporta un poderoso elemento explicativo...

The aim of this paper is to explore the nature of the R&D activities carried out by firms. located in Mexico, and the type of basic research that these firms demand from the universities and R&D centers in the country. This paper is based on empirical research at the firm level and presents two case studies: (i) a-large Mexican firm that carries ou...

The aim of this paper is to explore the nature of the R&D activities carried out by firms located in Mexico, and the type of basic research that these firms demand from the universities and R&D centers in the country. This paper is based on empirical research at the firm level and presents two case studies: (i) a large Mexican firm that carries out...

Over the last few decades there has been an increasing concern for studying the processes of technological capability accumulation in industrial firms of developing countries. From the evolutionary economics perspective, several works have focused on analysing the learning processes involved in building up a minimum base of technological knowledge...

Over the last few decades there has been an increasing concern for studying the processes of technological capability accumulation in industrial firms of developing countries. From the evolutionary economics perspective, several works have focused on analysing the learning processes involved in building up a minimum base of technological knowledge...

La vinculación universidad-empresa en un macroproyecto de pdímeros. e-_ _ _ .-1 d. 1-,. n los Últimos años'se ha llegadda un consenso sobre la ne-cesidad de estudiar el cambio tecnológico desde un punto E de vista sistémico. En este marco se entiende el interés no sólo por analizar el papel de los actores en la innovación, sino por destacar sus art...

Con base en el análisis de la cultura organizacional de dos empresas cerveceras mexicanas, ambas exitosas y de proyección internacional, el autor de esta obra demuestra la falta de fundamento aquéllos que atribuyen la baja capacidad tecnológica de algunas industrias del país, a deficiencias de la política pública. Durante más de cien años, Cervecer...

This paper contributes the understanding of how interface allows to the producers identify specific information and knowledge from the users (and other agents), and how it influences on firm’s absorptive capacity. We suppose that the great dynamism of the Information Technology Industry brings about uncertainty to the micro and small-sized Mexican...