Alexandra Lagorio

University of Bergamo | UNIBG · Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering

The transition towards Industry 5.0 standards characterized by an increasing and responsible use of digital and smart technologies as well as by the development of more sustainable, human-centric, and resilient industrial systems, requires a careful reflection on the competencies and skills that will be needed in its workforce. Indeed, changing pro...

Learning factories offer hands-on practice for industrial environments, covering many areas, from product design to end-of-life phases. They are an effective testing ground for new products and processes, helping businesses to increase efficiency, productivity, and sustainability while providing workforce training. Using information coming from the...

Digital servitization is a business model transformation process enabled by the use of digital technologies to create or improve industrial services and product‐service offerings by creating value and competitive advantage increasing customer satisfaction and loyalty as well as company revenue streams. 5G networks can enable digital servitization o...

The increased demand for homecare services – driven by the ageing population and the significance of homecare during the Covid-19 pandemic – has led to a need for greater rationalisation and organisation of the available resources, which must increasingly tend towards more resilient, sustainable, and human-centred approaches, collectively identifie...

The topic of human-centric design of smart production and logistics processes is increasingly debated in both academic and industrial communities. However, there is still little existing research on the integration of this concept with companies’ daily operations. The research presented in this paper aims to expand this area of research by proposin...

The transition of logistics processes towards Logistics 4.0 (or Smart Logistics) – the specific application of Industry 4.0 in the logistics systems – contributes to the increasing need to establish reliable and efficient communication networks, to manage considerable amounts of data exchange between equipment, products, vehicles and workers. The c...

In modern manufacturing systems, operators’ role is evolving continuously in relation to the main production paradigms affecting how companies approach their manufacturing and logistics operations. If the introduction of Lean Manufacturing principles has affected workers’ well-being directly, the adoption of digital technologies is modifying how fa...

During an epidemic or a pandemic emergency, various approaches are undertaken to contain the infectious disease spread. Some of the most common interventions are lockdowns, social distancing, contact tracing and the use of personal protective equipment. However, whenever available, the most helpful intervention is the administration of vaccinations...

The Industry 4.0 paradigm is spreading in logistics processes since integrating 4.0 technologies in logistics tasks guarantees several benefits compared to traditional processes. However, there are still open questions related to impacts on the workforce, including problems related to skills, competence, and several ethical and social issues. This...

Although the benefits and advantages are emerging more clearly, the transition of traditional manufacturing and logistics systems to Industry and Logistics 4.0 paradigms is still challenging for companies. In particular, the change management strategies suggested and employed so far lack consideration of the role of human factors to support a succe...

In the next years, it will be increasingly important to re-think manufacturing and logistics systems from a human-centred perspective to promote a balanced use of automation and digital technologies to enhance the unique and irreplaceable capabilities of operators, who will continue to play a fundamental role in the factories of the future. The six...

Drone-based delivery represents a possible way of performing last-mile logistics activities with potential benefits on process efficiency, traffic congestion, and pollution emissions. However, many technological and legislative challenges still have to be overcome. From the technology perspective, the operating range of drones represents a critical...

In the aftermath of catastrophic events, problems always arise in the supply of goods in places affected by the emergency. During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, the shortage of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) created problems, especially in the healthcare sector, contributing to the uncontrolled spread of the virus. This paper prese...

Simulation models have always been an aid in epidemiology for understanding the spread of epidemics and evaluating their containment policies. This paper illustrates how hybrid simulation can support companies in assessing COVID-19 containment measures in indoor environments. In particular, a Hybrid Simulation (HS) is presented. The HS model consis...

Following the spread of the Industry 4.0 paradigm, the role of digital technologies in manufacturing, especially in production and industrial logistics processes, has become increasingly pivotal. Although the push towards digitalization and processes interconnection can bring substantial benefits, it may also increase the complexity of processes in...

The latest innovations in the manufacturing technologies significantly affected the roles of workers, both concerning task variety and required skills. Consequently, in a highly digitalised context, operators and managers are facing increasingly job enlargement and job enrichment requirements in order to perform new and different activities and fun...

Many industrial companies are introducing new automation and digital technologies to improve their manufacturing and logistics processes, thereby implementing the Industry 4.0 paradigm. Nevertheless, choosing and adopting the most appropriate technologies is challenging and requires companies to consider many factors, including human and organizati...

Many industrial companies are introducing new automation and digital technologies to improve their manufacturing and logistics processes, thereby implementing the Industry 4.0 paradigm. Nevertheless, choosing and adopting the most appropriate technologies is challenging and requires companies to consider many factors, including human and organizati...

Many innovative technologies have been successfully adopted in logistics and supply chain management processes to increase efficiency, reduce costs or enhance communication. In recent years, considerable attention from both practitioners and academics has been focused on evaluating the impacts of innovative technologies adoption. However, the curre...

The spread of the Industry 4.0 paradigm introduced an increasing number of technological innovations into companies to improve logistics processes. During a transition to Logistics 4.0, it is necessary to consider all the issues that affect logistics, among which human factors (HF) are considered to be the most important. On the basis of the existi...

With the consolidation of the Industry 4.0 paradigm and the constant evolution of technologies in manufacturing, logistics has undergone a profound transformation in recent years. The term Logistics 4.0 is currently used to identify supply chains characterized by higher levels of transparency, integration, dynamism, and reactivity in order to respo...

The advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is expected to deeply change several aspects of the manufacturing industry. Among them, the logistics and supply chain activities will be affected by these changes both at operational and managerial level to face the market drivers of flexibility and mass-customisation. In this context, the work of ope...

The online meal order and delivery business has scaled up in the last few years. The delivery process is currently performed by self-employed contractors (i.e. cyclists); however, in the future, it might be performed using drones, as some pilot tests are currently experimenting with this possibility. This paper outlines a scenario in which a fleet...

The Urban Freight Fleet Composition (UFFC) problem addresses the need of a logistics service provider to define the optimal fleet mix in terms of types and number of vehicles to serve the demand for goods delivery in an urban area. Urban areas can be subject to access restrictions (e.g. based upon the time of the day or vehicles' characteristics) t...

With the spread of e-commerce, there has been an upsurge in the number of B2C deliveries. The limits of home delivery such as the difficulty in finding the exact addresses and the missing deliveries, exhacerbate the negative impacts of last mile logistics (i.e., congestion and pollution) To overcome these problems, solutions such as delivery to sup...

This article aims to investigate the organisational implications of adopting Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies, giving specific attention to operations. The paper addresses these implications in two directions: organisational prerequisites for, and consequences of, I4.0 technologies. The research is based on a multiple case study of Italian Small an...

The food and grocery retail sector is undergoing a deep transformation fuelled by customers’ changing habits and new digital technologies. The logistics in this area is often challenging, especially considering the food characteristics and regulations. However, despite the relevance of the topic, the extant body of the scientific literature regardi...

The advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is expected to deeply change several aspects of the manufacturing industry. Among them, the logistics and supply chain activities will be affected by these changes both at operational and managerial level to face the market drivers of flexibility and mass-customisation. In this context, the work of ope...

The offer of logistic services (e.g. transport, inventory management, customs brokerage, IT solutions and so forth) targeted and personalised to the different customers' needs is expanding thanks to the benefits foreseen from the implementation and exploitation of the Industry 4.0 technologies. However, this expansion comes at the cost of the incre...

Nowadays, the terms Smart Logistics and Logistics 4.0 are used to represent the Industry 4.0 technology-based application in the field of logistics. The introduction of technology in logistics affects significantly the work of operators, opening new evolution scenarios and offering several opportunities of change of the human role in logistics. Sta...

This paper proposes a framework that supports the collection and classification of information about the features of a city relevant to Urban Freight Transport (UFT). The information is organized in a framework of 28 different layers that are then stored in a Geographic Information System (GIS) tool to enable efficient data retrieval and effective...

Logistics and supply chain management have always been at the forefront of industrial innovations, and numerous technologies have been tested and applied with success to increase efficiency of processes, reduce costs, or improve the relationships among different actors, such as buyers, sellers, retailers and carriers. In recent times, there is a gr...

The lack of data is one of the most common problems when dealing with the design of solutions that optimize urban freight transport (City Logistics Projects). In fact, to be able to process an effective City Logistics Projects for a certain area of the city, it is necessary to have the data concerning the number of daily deliveries that each commer...

The issue of food waste is increasingly attracting scientific and public interest due to the magnitude of the problem (in terms of quantity and global reach) and the growing attention to healthy and sustainable food production and consumption. As a consequence, an increasing number of initiatives aim to reduce the food discarded in each stage of th...

The volume of freight vehicles operating within city boundaries is steadily increasing, which contributes to road congestion, especially in urban areas with a parking deficit. The proper identification of the location and size of commercial parking lay-by areas, where delivery vehicles can park for a limited time to perform loading/unloading operat...

The Urban Freight Fleet Composition (UFFC) problem concerns the definition of the optimal mix in terms of types and number of vehicles (fleet composition) to serve the demand for parcel delivery in an urban area. Urban areas can be subject to access restrictions that reduce the possibility to enter the area. In this paper, we consider time access r...

Collection-and-Delivery Points (CDP) have become increasingly important for couriers operating in the e-commerce sector. Through this way of delivery, it is possible to mitigate many issues related to the traditional home delivery (e.g. missing delivery, complex routing planning, and traffic delays). Despite this, there are still obstacles that pre...

The latest economic and environmental changes together with the development of technology, fostered interest in ‘smart cities' and smart city product-service system (SCPSS): bundle of products and services aimed at fuelling sustainable economic growth with a wise management of resources. Since budget constraint prevents a massive implementation of...

The development of technology, coupled with the economic and the environmental changes, fostered interest in “smart cities” concept, that is cities where “investments in human and social capital linked with traditional and modern communication infrastructure fuel sustainable economic growth and a high quality of life, with a wise management of natu...

The remarkable developments in e-commerce offer more flexibility and alternative shopping experience to busy people, to such an extent that the best choice in the future for having a meal may be to have it delivered at home. Food ordering and delivery is not a recent business, but it scaled up in the last few years, thank to several successful “log...

Urban freight transportation plays a pivotal role in ensuring the liveability of urban areas, due to its fulfilment of citizens needs and its induced economic impact. Building upon the body of research on the topic of city logistics and its connected impacts and measures, this paper focuses on the development of a framework which is collectively ex...

Cost-determination in Product-Service Systems (PSS) presents a broad set of impacts across managerial and design decision-making processes. Most of the effort within PSS-costing literature is focused mainly on the development of techniques that address challenges regarding data availability, lifecycle representation, and uncertainty modelling. Less...

The already significant volume of freight vehicles moving within city limits is steadily growing, and is expected to continue increasing at an even faster rate. Many European cities, however, have historical urban heritages and constraints that make them a logistics nightmare, where traffic congestion can result from improperly parked vehicles. In...

Purpose The last decades have witnessed an increased interest in urban logistics originating from both the research and the practitioners’ communities. Sustainable freight transports today are on the political, social and technological agenda of many actors operating in urban contexts. Due to the extent of the covered areas and the continuous progr...

The Urban Distribution (or Consolidation) Centers (CDU) are one of the available solutions for the last mile logistics that have gained greater interest in both academic and transportation corporate fields. Despite the widespread of the projects involving CDUs, only few of them are recognized as effective over the years. In this paper, through a ca...

Many cities worldwide are struggling to reduce pollution and to maintain an effective and agile transportation system. Among the many available policies and green solutions, bike sharing programs are emerging as a cost effective and sustainable way to expand the portfolio of transit options, promoting the use of alternative transportation among cit...

In this paper, we propose a framework aiming to provide a preliminary assessment and comparison of cities on the most important dimensions related to city logistics, thus preparing the ground for stakeholder engagement and solution design. The framework is also designed to overcome some of most relevant issues in city logistics research, such as la...

The pursuit of sustainable solutions for moving goods in urban areas with minimum impacts on the society and the environment is nowadays a broadly discussed subject. To better frame the research interests in this area, in this paper we discuss the main evidences emerged from a systematic literature review regarding the field of city logistics, whic...

Urban population is steadily growing, bringing along a manifold increase of demand for goods and services, mainly concentrated in relatively limited or overly constrained areas. This is inevitably leading cities around the world to face increasing challenges in terms of efficient transportation of persons and goods, while controlling and ideally re...

Probabilmente, il tema della logistica urbana di per sé non suscita immediato di interesse al di fuori della cerchia degli addetti ai lavori. Molto spesso, è un tema dato quasi per scontato, e del quale magari ci si rende conto solo in occasioni particolari. Ma, allo stesso tempo, il tema della logistica urbana delle merci è un tema reale e attuale...