Alex Córdoba-Aguilar- PhD
- Researcher at National Autonomous University of Mexico
Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- PhD
- Researcher at National Autonomous University of Mexico
I am always looking for friendly collaborations on insect ecology, conservation, and vector control issues
About
312
Publications
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Introduction
I am mainly interested in conservation biology, vector control and the evolution of mating signals, all of these using insects. I am happy to hear about collaboration and potential students
Current institution
Additional affiliations
May 2003 - present
July 2000 - June 2003
August 2012 - present
Education
March 1996 - September 1999
Publications
Publications (312)
This study investigates the antennal phenotype of the kissing bug Triatoma pallidipennis (Stål), a primary vector of Chagas disease, by comparing Trypanosoma cruzi‐infected and noninfected individuals. We examined the antennae of infected and noninfected N5 nymphs, as well as adult females and males, focusing on four types of sensilla (bristles, ba...
1. Dragonflies (Odonata) are ancient and familiar insects with a deep and strong cultural association with humans. They have an aquatic larval stage and an aerial adult stage, meaning that they respond to ecological conditions in both freshwater and the adjacent land surface. 2. Currently, 16% of dragonflies are threatened. Overall, they face sever...
Given the risk of neglected diseases to humanity, can we predict how zoonotic diseases spread out? We have explored this by predicting mammal species reservoirs in the American continent that can act as potential blood-feeding sources of kissing bugs. Kissing bugs include 139 insect species of the Triatomine family that act as primary hosts of Tryp...
Because insects are unable to regulate their body temperatures, they are vulnerable to rising temperatures and habitat disturbances that limit access to optimal microhabitats. This study examines how these factors affect the taxonomic and functional diversity of Odonata insects (Anisoptera and Zygoptera) in a tropical dry landscape.
We assessed tax...
Triatomines (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) are hematophagous insects, well-known for their vectorial role in transmitting Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) parasites, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Trapping these insects would limit human-triatomine interaction and, thus, control the disease. In this contex...
La enfermedad de Chagas es un padecimiento potencialmente mortal que afecta a más de seis millones de personas en todo el mundo (OMS, 2023). Esta enfermedad es causada por el parásito Trypanosoma cruzi y se transmite a través de chinches de la subfamilia Triatominae. Hasta la fecha, los insecticidas del grupo de los piretroides han sido el principa...
In the study on volatile semiochemicals, we employed two headspace sampling methods: static and dynamic. Static head-space analysis utilized Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME), while dynamic headspace sampling involved techniques such as push-pull and closed loop stripping. Both methods are crucial for accurately detecting and characterizing the vo...
Aquatic insects, like odonates, rely on light polarization as a visual cue to locate water bodies for reproduction, but artificial polarization from light pollution can lead them into ecological traps. This study investigates odonate preference for polarized light cues compared to other sensory cues associated with water perception, as well as the...
Anthropophony is a prominent component of soundscapes worldwide and is known to impact biota. While responses to anthropophony in terrestrial and marine animals have been relatively well-studied, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding freshwater animals. In fact, freshwater taxa are among the possibly most threatened groups, and unveiling the...
Insects are declining worldwide yet our assessment of this process and the underlying causes are unclear. In this book, we have uncovered these topics for the Neotropical region. This is a multi-authored treatise with different perspectives that should pave the way for conservation initiatives
La enfermedad de Chagas es un problema de salud públi-ca que aqueja a seres humanos en todo el mundo. Aunque es endémica del continente americano, esta enfermedad se ha extendido a otras partes del mundo debido a las migraciones de personas infectadas, la coexistencia del parásito, del vector y sus múltiples reservorios. Aproxi-madamente se reporta...
Climate change is ten times faster now than in the last global warming event, 56 million years ago, with temperature and extreme weather dramatically increasing due to human activity. This rapid changes in climate affect all levels of biodiversity. However, despite their high global biodiversity, only 3 percent of global climate change literature i...
Mosquitoes of vectorial importance represent a ubiquitous and constant threat of potentially devastating arbo
viral outbreaks. Our ability to predict such outcomes is still restricted. To answer this, we have used an extensive
data collection of 23 vector and 233 non-vector mosquito species distributed throughout the Mexican territory
and linked t...
The control of triatomine vectors depends almost exclusively on conventional insecticides. These compounds
can, nevertheless, cause negative effects on environmental and human health as well as induce resistance in
triatomines. Therefore, we need to look for more sustainable alternatives. Triatoma pallidipennis is one of the
main chagasic vectors i...
Aim
Insects are one of the least studied taxa, with most species lacking basic ecological and biogeographical information. This problem is particularly acute in the tropics, where low sampling effort hampers accurate estimates of species richness at scale and potentially confounds efforts to identify the drivers of biogeographical gradients. Here,...
Aggregation is one of the most remarkable behaviours in the animal kingdom—a process that is usually governed by pheromones. Triatomines are blood-sucking bugs that act as vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease in mammals, including humans. Triatomines usually gather in roosting refuges by using aggregation pheromones...
One area of animal behaviour of growing interest is related to the behavioural traits that favour species' survival in rapidly changing environments (e.g. cities). In this regard, one animal group that is resilient to urbanization is that of odonate insects. These animals are formidable generalist predators that exhibit large behavioural flexibilit...
How far are we from predicting the occurrence of zoonotic diseases? In this paper we have made use of both socioecological and ecological variables to predict Chagas disease occurrence. Chagas disease involves, Trypanosoma cruzi, a complex life-cycle parasite which requires two hosts: blood-feeding triatomine insects and vertebrate hosts including...
This chapter is aimed to provide an assessment of the conservation status of Neotropical aquatic insects. Thus, we outline the taxonomic and geographic gaps and bias of information, identify some hotspots and conservation strategies of aquatic insects (using Brazil as a study case) and review key human threats to biodiversity loss. In general, odon...
The long-term and large-scale cause of habitat fragmentation and loss is determined by human intervention, primarily due to the expansion of agriculture and increase in deforestation and urbanization. In this chapter, we present case studies to discuss the effects of habitat fragmentation on insect diversity and change in Mexican tropical areas. In...
The Neotropics is a biodiversity rich area yet one of the most heavily threatened by several ongoing stressors that include fragmentation, deterioration and loss of natural and semi-natural habitats, agro-economic pressure, urbanization, pollution, and climate change. Insect biodiversity and its conservation are among the main global topics in cons...
Triatomines are haematophagous insects, some species are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the aetiological agent of Chagas disease. The main strategy for interrupting T. cruzi transmission is to avoid contact of the vector populations with humans. Volatiles from commercial essential oils are excellent candidates to serve as repellents of kissing bugs....
Urbanization has driven one of the most substantial transformations in water bodies exposing groups such as aquatic insects to new challenging conditions. Some odonate (dragonflies and damselflies) species persist in these transformed environments, but it remains unclear which morphological or behavioral traits allow them to survive. Through a bibl...
Collaboration is a fundamental aspect of scientific research and innovation. Fair collaborations between scientists from different identities or positions of power (e.g., Global North and Global South scientists) could have a great impact on scientific knowledge and exchange. However, there are existing limitations to the potential of Global South...
Anthropophony is a prominent component of the soundscapes worldwide and is known to affect biota. Although responses to antropophony in terrestrial and marine animals have been relatively well studied, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding freshwater biota. In fact, freshwater taxa are possibly among the most threatened groups and so unveili...
¿No hay nada que hacer para que la extinción de insectos sea menos grave? Este es un artículo donde proveemos tips para todo mundo, de cómo ayudar a los insectos. En particular, damos información sobre uso de plantas para atraer polinizadores así como remedios naturales contra insectos plagas y vectores. También hay información de utilidad de cómo...
Functional diversity is one sound approach to understand how communities respond and structure themselves in the face of anthropogenic disturbance. We here used historical collection records and functional proxies to investigate whether Mexican odonate insects (123 species of Anisoptera and 107 of Zygoptera) respond functionally to land use intensi...
Ectothermic animals can raise their body temperature under varying circumstances. Two such situations occur during sexual activity (as metabolic rate rises during copulatory movements) and during infection (to control pathogens more effectively). We have investigated these two situations using Tenebrio molitor males. We recorded the copulatory cour...
Urbanized areas can impose selective pressures on insects which can be identified at the individual level based on animal physiological condition. Physiological condition can be measured from variables such as body size, body mass or energetic budget of individuals. We examined whether body mass, wing spot size and energy reserves (proteins, lipids...
Triatomines (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae), commonly known as conenose or kissing bugs, includes species of outstanding medical importance given their role as vectors of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), the aetiological agent of Chagas disease. Herein, we present an updated review of the chem...
Aggregation is one of the most remarkable behaviors in the animal kingdom – a process that is usually governed by pheromones. Triatomines are blood-sucking bugs that act as vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi , the etiological agent of Chagas disease in mammals, including humans. Triatomines usually gather in roosting refuges by using aggregation pheromon...
Many urban environments are places with strong stressors that substantially modify water quality. Although tests evaluating water quality are usually physico-chemical, including biological components can also provide relevant information. Lake Chalco, at the border between Mexico City and Estado de México, interacts with the surrounding human popul...
Many urban environments are places with strong stressors that substantially modify water quality. Although tests evaluating water quality are usually physico-chemical, including biological components can also provide relevant information. Lake Chalco, at the border between Mexico City and Estado de México, interacts with the surrounding human popul...
The methods used to control triatomine vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent of Chagas disease, include the implementation of cultural and mechanical practices, as well as biological and chemical control. For decades, the use of third generation pyrethroids such as deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and beta‑cyfluthrin, ha...
The introduction of species is a leading cause of biodiversity loss and habitat alteration. Several species have invaded Mexican freshwater ecosystems, adversely affecting native fishes. Specifically, in the Amacuzac River of the Balsas Basin (Central Mexico), at least four non-native cichlids have been recorded: tilapia Oreochromis sp., convict ci...
Todos los organismos usamos señales químicas para transmitir información; estos "lenguajes químicos" son las formas más antiguas de comunicación. Existe una rama de la ciencia, llamada ecología química, que se ocupa de la identificación y síntesis de las sustancias que transportan información (semioquímicos), así como de los mecanismos de percepció...
One central tenet in sexual selection theory is that sexual traits are honest indicators of individual condition. This does not appear to be the case for Tenebrio molitor beetles whose males, when infected with the fungus Metarhizium robertsii, produce chemical signals (pheromones) that increase their attractiveness. Using this system, we have inve...
Can we predict which taxonomic groups and morphological or behavioral traits are favoured during urbanization? Here we have revised those odonate (dragonflies and damselflies) species are present in urban areas around world, their body size, body colour, sexual dimorphism, flight mode, habitat preference and mate guarding strategy. We wanted to kno...
Urbanization is causing a significant impact on biodiversity and human health. The increase in vector-borne diseases in recent decades is linked to changes in the environment due to urbanization. We have reviewed published information on urban mosquitoes from around the globe to examine major study trends in terms of urbanization, and the type of a...
The control of triatomine vectors of Chagas disease is mainly based on the use of pyrethroid insecticides. Because chemical control is the primary method for managing these insects, it is crucial to diversify the range of products utilized to mitigate the risk of resistance development. This study evaluated the toxicity of two insecticides with dif...
This research-level text documents the latest advances in odonate biology and relates these to a broader ecological and evolutionary research agenda. Despite being one of the smallest insect orders, dragonflies offer a number of advantages for both laboratory and field studies. In fact, they continue to make a crucial contribution to the advancemen...
One approach to prioritise conservation efforts is to identify hotspots that are either species-rich or that harbour a high proportion of narrow-ranged species with varying functional roles. Given this, we have developed full ant species distribution models as tools for identifying biodiversity and hotspot areas in Mexico. We predicted ant species...
El cambio climático es uno de los mayores desafíos que
enfrentan las especies en la actualidad. Numerosas especies
están respondiendo al cambio climático modificando sus
áreas de distribución en seguimiento de su nicho ecológico.
Estos cambios pueden tener como consecuencia la alteración
en las áreas de contacto entre especies y el riesgo de
hibrid...
In urban landscapes, granivores play a key ecosystem service: they contribute to the establishment of plants and thereby increase the probability of vegetal community recovery. It is therefore a priority to determine how and by whom seeds are removed, which seeds are removed and where they are removed. Our objective here was to determine the remova...
This research-level text documents the latest advances in odonate biology and relates these to a broader ecological and evolutionary research agenda. Despite being one of the smallest insect orders, dragonflies offer a number of advantages for both laboratory and field studies. In fact, they continue to make a crucial contribution to the advancemen...
This research-level text documents the latest advances in odonate biology and relates these to a broader ecological and evolutionary research agenda. Despite being one of the smallest insect orders, dragonflies offer a number of advantages for both laboratory and field studies. In fact, they continue to make a crucial contribution to the advancemen...
Land use/land cover change (LULCC) is a major threat that affects the viability of insect populations worldwide yet our estimates of such effects are usually poor. We analysed how LULCC affected the distribution of 49 species of dragonflies and damselflies in the south-central zone in Mexico during the period 2006-2012. For this, we mapped the pote...
Cities function as ecological systems composed of a geosphere, a biosphere and an anthroposphere, interacting with each other and generating various selection pressures on urban organisms. Odonates (damselflies and dragonflies) are frequent inhabitants of urban areas, showing no clear or unique responses to urbanization. Thus, we defined an urbaniz...
To efficiently face the accelerated landscape transformation and its consequences in restructuring biotic communities and ecosystem services, one first question is which regional systems deserve prioritization for empirical assessments and interventive strategies. For the particular case of vector-borne disease control, we should consider generalis...
Sexual selection influences the expression of secondary sexual traits, which are costly to produce and maintain and are thus considered honest indicators of individual con-dition. Therefore, sexual selection could select for high-quality individuals able to re-spond to stressful conditions, with impacts on population- level fitness. We sampled dung...
More than ever, there is a need to understand how pathogens, vectors and hosts occur temporally and spatially to predict the occurrence of zoonotic outbreaks. Related to this, mites of the Mesostigmata and Trombidiformes orders have the potential to transmit several diseases, yet their information of occurrence, distribution and zoonotic accompanyi...
Although collections of odonate insects have increased in recent years in Colombia, it is unknown whether the inventory list is complete for this country. Thus, we have investigated whether odonate species richness for Colombian endemic and total species by department and natural region, are complete using sample-and coverage-based rarefac-tion cur...
Environmental change (i.e., urbanization) impacts species in contrasting ways, with some species experiencing benefits given their way of life (i.e., blood-sucking insects). How these species respond to such change is not well understood and for species involved in human diseases, this “how” question is particularly important. Most Triatominae bug...
Adult odonates (dragonflies and damselflies) exhibit a great diversity of colors which vary remarkably between species, between individuals within species, and throughout the individual's lifetime in some species. Here, we provide a summary of what is known about color recognition, and production of color including pigmentary absorption, structural...
Infection may cause some insects to increase their body temperature to deal against pathogens successfully. However, one unclear aspect is whether females may use male temperature to discriminate sick from healthy partners. We tested this by using Tenebrio molitor beetles whose females use the intensity of male antennal and leg stroking that take p...
Even when an animal has a generalist diet, different food sources can impact its body shape and fluctuating asymmetry (a stress indicator; FA). To test this, we varied the food source (mammalian, avian or defibrinated mammalian blood; and control animals - ad libitum feeding) and the time of feeding (every 8 days, 45 days and ad libitum) having the...
Previous studies have reported that males augment their reproductive success by increasing the number of females with which they copulate, and that such copulations are not energetically demanding in terms of trivial sperm production costs. However, we now know that males do pay reproductive costs. As males mate successively, a reduction in the per...
Disturbance (e.g. loss of plant cover) increases ambient temperature which can be lethal for ectotherm insects especially in hot places. We compared the thorax temperatures of 26 odonate species as a function of body size, habitat quality (“conserved” and cooler vs “perturbed” and warmer) and suborder (Anisoptera vs Zygoptera), as well as critical...
1. Latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is the increase in species richness towards the equator and is one of the most consistent patterns in biogeography, where current and historical processes contribute to shape the pattern. 2. Despite that LDG patterns have been described for some insects, the underlying mechanisms associated with community ass...
In terms of conservation, Argentinian odonates have not been assessed using a quantitative approach. One way to achieve this is by modelling their distribution to gather the extent of occurrence. Thus, we modelled the current and future (projected year, 2050) potential distribution of 44 odonate species that occur in Argentina as well as in neighbo...
We propose two modifications to enhance the laboratory technique described by Foray and collaborators (2012) “A handbook for uncovering the complete energetic budget in insects: the van Handel’s method (1985) revisited”. Foray´s protocol is a simple and fast method to measure different energetic compound levels in insects, i.e. glycogen, protein, l...
We describe the perception towards COVID-19 in marginalized communities of youth, in Southern Mexico. These perceptions include trustable information but also some major problems (e.g. a conspiratory origin for the disease). These problems may represent an obstacle for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
Artificial objects can polarize ultraviolet light sources to a higher degree than natural objects like water bodies. This can induce a strong attraction response by insects that use such cues as proxies of habitat suitable for reproduction. Visible range polarized light (VRPL) can create evolutionary traps for aquatic insects, but it remains unclea...
Background
Relatively little is known about how pathogens transmitted by vector insects are affected by changing temperatures analogous to those occurring in the present global warming scenario. One expectation is that, like their ectothermic vectors, an increase in temperature could reduce their fitness. Here, we have investigated the effect of hi...
Postcopulatory sexual selection has shaped the ornaments used during copulatory courtship. However, we know relatively little about whether these courtship ornaments are costly to produce or whether they provide indirect benefits to females. We used the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, to explore this. We challenged males using an entomopathogeni...
BACKGROUND
Dragonfly and damselfly larvae have been considered as possible biocontrol agents against young instars of mosquito vectors in urban environments. Yet our knowledge about adult odonate predation against mosquito adults is scarce. We quantified daily and annual predation rates, consumption rates and prey preferences of adult Hetaerina vul...
Feeding behaviour is a dynamic process, especially if an individual is dealing with an infection. Here, we used Tenebrio molitor beetles to evaluate the effects of changes in diet macronutri-ents (protein:carbohydrate) on: (i) feeding behaviour before and after infection (using the ento-mopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii) in males; and (ii)...
Sexual selection leads to the expression and maintenance of colourful signals. The metabolic pathways to produce such signals often involve toxic byproducts that can reduce survival. However, rather than discarding these otherwise harmful byproducts, animals may use them by integrating them into sexually selected traits.
We tested this using the da...
This is the introductory paper to the special issue on Insect Extinction. Insects are declining worldwide. Welcome to this special issue where we examine some causes, patterns and consequences of insect decline.
effects of quality and frequency of blood ingested by insect vectors on their life histories are crucial to interpret their feeding preferences in the field. Triatomine bugs act as vectors of the Chagas disease, feeding on blood during their entire lives. Earlier research has shown that compared to avian blood, mammal blood has positive effects on...
Morphological variation is widespread, and one case is that of female morphs in damselfly insects. Current knowledge indicates that these female morphs are maintained by a fitness balance whereby male-like, clear-colored females (i.e. andromorphs) are more likely to “escape” from male harassment given their male mimicking compared to dark females (...
1. Analysis of geographic patterns of extinction must be accompanied by knowledge of biodiversity patterns. Such analysis is not yet available in insects given three shortfalls. First, knowledge of insect species' distribution is poor. Second, insect inventories have taxonomic, geographical, temporal and habitat biases. Third, the accelerated loss...
Males of many insects deliver ejaculates with nutritious substances to females in the form of a spermatophore. Different factors can affect spermatophore quality. We manipulated males’ diet and health to determine the balance of macronutrients deposited in the spermatophores of Tenebrio molitor beetles. For diet, we varied the concentration of prot...
La zoonosis por COVID-19 trae consigo numerosas lecciones para la humanidad. Una de ellas relacionada con la transformación de nuestro vínculo con la naturaleza, en particular con la vida silvestre, dado el probable origen de COVID-19 relacionado con el comercio ilegal de vida silvestre. De forma similar a las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores...
Ecosystem services relies on several insects that provide fundamental functions. Despite the quality of these ecosystem services depends on insect diversity, abundance and biomass, little is known about the effects that individual body condition has over such services. One prediction is that starving or sick animals may provide a reduced service. D...
The COVID-19 zoonosis is bringing about a number of lessons to humanity. One is that of transforming our links with nature and, particularly, wildlife given the likely COVID-19 origin from illegal wildlife trading. Similar to vector borne diseases (VBD, diseases transmitted by vectors), the COVID-19 pandemic follows related patterns (e.g. no effect...
Ivermectin is the most common antiparasitic drug used in livestock in many regions of the world. Its residues are excreted in dung, threatening non-target fauna such as dung beetles, fundamental for cleaning dung in pastures. However, it is unclear which are the physiological mechanisms used by dung beetles to cope with ivermectin. Here we evaluate...
In mating interactions, it is common in nature for both sexes to choose simultaneously. However, this mutual mate choice and its consequences for progeny has received relatively little study; an approach where both male and female condition is manipulated is thus desirable. We compared both sexes' preferences in Tenebrio molitor beetles when indivi...
Long‐term multigenerational experimental simulations of climate change on insect pests of economically and socially important crops are crucial to anticipate challenges for feeding humanity in the not‐so‐far future. Mexican bean weevil Zabrotes subfasciatus, is a worldwide pest that attacks the common bean Phaseolus vulgaris seeds, in crops and sto...
Insects are reportedly experiencing widespread declines, but we generally have sparse data on their abundance. Correcting this shortfall will take more effort than professional entomologists alone can manage. Volunteer nature enthusiasts can greatly help to monitor the abundance of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata), iconic freshwater sentinels...
One remarkable reproductive feature in animals with internal fertilization is a reduction in sperm viability over time in females. Whether this reduction is driven by male–male competition and/or cryptic female choice is unclear. From the perspective of cryptic female choice, we postulated that sperm viability is affected by a particular male copul...
Questions
Questions (16)
Por si están interesados, los siguientes links son para ofrecer ayuda en la redacción, corrección y consejos prácticos en el proceso de publicación de textos científicos:
Alex
More than Marvel films, insane influencers, and stupid politicians, the world is in desperate need of insect vector control using and applying sound ecological information !!! Along with John Beier, we have just launched the Special Issue above:
Acta Tropica is one the best journals in the field (IF: 3.22) !!!
Please send your best shot. I do not promise acceptance but fast, equilibrated and friendly handling (and a beer if we coincide somewhere) !!!
The submission gate will be closed by Sept 10th so spread the word...
Cata Suárez-Tovar and I have just submitted as special issue proposal to Animal Behaviour journal on the above topic. This proposal has been accepted so we are now looking for possible participants.
The proposal background is as follows.
Foraging behavior is linked to individual fitness and survival, and is particularly affected by environmental changes as human disturbance. In this regard, we are starting to understand the adaptations that allow animals to survive in man-driven environments. This information is still disorganized in the literature and, given this, we are still unaware of the following: a) whether animals have converged/diverged in their foraging strategies; b) to what extent foraging theory applies to urbanized environments where, for example, complexity of prey diversity is reduced; c) whether simplicity of urbanized areas facilitates foraging abilities such as learning; d) how predators from different taxonomic groups have adapted to forage in urbanized environments. Our proposal of a special issue is novel and, as implied above, intends to provide an updated, state-of-the-art revision of the above topics. We aim to invite authors from diverse backgrounds in terms of country origin and gender. The idea is to gather 6-8 papers from senior and young scientists. Animal Behaviour is possibly the most important journal in the field.
Creo que el escándalo reciente que implica a una primer ministro de la Suprema Corte de Justicia mexicana y la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México merece ser discutida acá. Esto porque el universo de las consecuencias del delito de plagio es amplio. Así, quisiera abrir este hilo de discusión en diferentes frentes y comenzaré por unos pocos: a) ¿cómo han procedido otras universidades ante una falta de este tipo? Por ejemplo, ¿se invalidan los títulos otorgados?; b) ¿qué debemos hacer para reducir este tipo de faltas de ahora en adelante?; c) ¿procedemos a rastrear todas las tesis en búsqueda de más delitos?; d) dado que el plagio no tan solo comprende tesis, ¿debemos ampliar el marco legal que la UNAM (u otras universidades) impongan para incluir otros ámbitos (por ejemplo, artículos científicos) y que se apliquen, por ejemplo, a nivel de la ley de cada país?; y, e) en caso de esto último, ¿cuáles serían las consecuencias?
I'd like to submit a research proposal on the potential of human migration as a vehicle of pathogen movements from South to North America. Basically I need a collaborator with experience working with migrants in the region. Thanks !!!
Entomology has evolved into a multitude of research lines. I was recently asked what the future questions are in the area but I was left with a feeling of ignorance. Although I am an entomologist, it is hard to be updated in this field.
What would be your topical questions in ecology, evolution, genetics, physiology to put some specific areas crudely? Your feeback here will be much appreciated not only to make me feel less ignorant but to help future entomologists to tackle nice questions.
I'd like to call your attention to browse and read a recent collection of papers on insect extinction, just published in Ecological Entomology: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/toc/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2311.insect-extinctions
Thanks
Ana Gutiérrez-Cabrera and I have thought about gathering information to respond whether there is a gender bias in infection occurrence in humans in Latin America. Given the different roles men and women have in rural populations (with women more likely staying at home), such biases may arise. The potential causes of biases will be examined in this project. Anyone interested please let us know.
I find so time-consuming and, ultimately, frustrating to format manuscripts every time I have to submit them. Of course, there are journals that have opted for a non-formatted version when you first submit but such journals are very, very rare in my expertise fields (ecology and tropical diseases). Why don't journals adhere to such non-formatting policy? Once the paper is accepted, then you can submit the last version with the format the journal needs.
