Alessio Giai Via

• MD
• Medical Doctor at Clínica Las Condes

Historically, CAOS technology offers surgeons specific features and benefits and these are wide-ranging. While we have seen many advances in this technology, its advantage is not just about the specifics, e.g., patient-specific instruments, navigation, augmented reality, or robotic-arm-assisted surgery. The single most significant development of th...

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a gold standard surgical procedure to improve pain and restore function in patients affected by moderate-to-severe severe gonarthrosis refractory to conservative treatments. Indeed, millions of these procedures are conducted yearly worldwide, with their number expected to increase in an ageing and more demanding pop...

Purpose: Tendinopathies and tendon ruptures are a common cause of pain and disabilities. The pathogenesis is considered multifactorial, and currently described as the failed healing response. Traditionally, tendon injuries have been mostly referred to age, overuse or mechanical factors. Recently, some authors have focused their attention on the inf...

Background: To assess whether delaying operative fixation through the sinus tarsi approach resulted in a decreased wound complications rate or could hinder the quality of reduction in subjects with Sanders type II and III displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures. Methods: From January 2015 to December 2019, all polytrauma patients were scre...

Background Treatment of closed tibial shaft fractures in the 3 rd trimester of pregnancy is controversial. Since there are few case reports published in literature, there is no consensus on the appropriate management of these fractures. This case report proposes intramedullary nailing throught the suprapatellar approach for the treatment of tibial...

Introduction: Achilles tendon ruptures are common. Metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, thyroid disorders, and obesity, impair tendons health, leading to Achilles tendinopathy and likely predisposing patients to Achilles tendon ruptures. Materials and methods: Patients who visited the Orthopedic Outpatient Clinics a...

Purpose The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the clinical follow-up of patients with external snapping hip syndrome (ESHS) treated with endoscopic gluteus maximus tendon release and to compare the residual muscular strength and thigh circumference as an indirect outcome measure. Methods Patients of all ages with external snapping...

Surgical repair of acute mid-substance Achilles tendon ruptures is performed in active patients, but the postoperative rehabilitation program is often based on the experience of the surgeon or therapist, rather than on evidence-based protocols. The aim of the study is to establish an evidence-based protocol for rehabilitation. This study is a conse...

Internal snapping hip is a common clinical condition and is usually asymptomatic, but in few cases, mostly in athletes and professionals who participate in activities requiring extreme ranges of hip motion, the snap may become painful (internal snapping hip syndrome—ISHS). Traditionally, the ISHS pathogenesis was described as a snapping of the tend...

Tendon injuries are a common cause of pain and of restriction of sports or daily life. The pathogenesis of chronic tendon injuries is considered multifactorial; however, the precise role of each predisposing factor remains incompletely understood and remain largely unknown. Therefore, many conservative and surgical treatment have been described in...

Purpose: Snapping hip is a common clinical condition, characterized by an audible or palpable snap of the hip joint. When the snap is perceived at the lateral side of the hip, this condition is known as external snapping hip or lateral coxa saltans, which is usually asymptomatic. Snapping hip syndrome (SHS) refers to a painful snap, which is more c...

Background: Full-thickness articular cartilage injury of the knee is a major cause of disability. The aim of this study is to assess the outcome of patients treated with differentiated to chondrocytes bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) cultured on a collagen type I/III (Chondro-Gide®) scaffold. The secondary aim was to confirm the absenc...

SARS-CoV-2 is the coronavirus involved for the ongoing pandemic, responsible of the disease that has been identified as COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease-19) (1,2). In most cases, transmission occurs via saliva droplets in closed or poorly ventilated environments (particularly public and workplaces), unclean hands and rarely via contaminated surfaces (...

Objective: This study reports the incidence of insertional calcific tendinopathy (ICT) of the Achilles tendon in the general population and the percentage of symptomatic patients. The secondary aim is to ascertain whether ICT is associated with diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia. We hypothesized that metabolic...

Peroneal tendons dislocation is an uncommon sports-related injury. The injury is frequently associated with sports with cutting maneuvers such as judo, gymnastics, soccer, rugby, basketball, ice skating, skiing, water skiing, and mountaineering. Acute subluxation usually occurs while the foot is dorsiflexed with the peroneal muscles strongly contra...

Introduction. Muscles lesions are common sport-related injuries. They are usually treat-ed conservatively with good outcomes. However, large structural muscle injuries (type 4 according to I.S.Mu.L.T. classification) are a challenge for physicians. Often, patients may suffer from discomfort and residual pain, functional impairment, and the rate of...

The glenohumeral joint is a complex anatomical structure commonly affected by injury such as tendinopathy and rotator cuff tears. Despite advances in surgical reconstruction of chronic rotator cuff tears, failure rates are still quite high. Significant research efforts have been focused on a better understanding of normal tendon biology, its pathol...

Background Full-thickness articular cartilage injury of the knee is a major cause of disability. The aim of this study is to assess the results of patients treated with differentiated to chondrocytes bone marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) cultured on a collagen Type I/III (Chondro-Gide®) scaffold. The secondary aim was to confirm the absence...

Isolated Subtalar Dislocations (SDs) are rare injuries, representing only 1% of all foot traumas. In the current literature, only a few reports have described this acute injury as a consequence of low-middle-energy trauma during sports activities and none in professional or recreational volleyball players. Further, to the best of our knowledge, no...

Muscle injuries are frequent in high demand sports. No guidelines are available in the scientific literature. ISMuLT, the "Italian Society of Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons", in line with its multidisciplinary mission, is proud to cover this gap.

Background: acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is one of the few true emergencies in orthopedics and traumatology. It is a painful condition caused by the increase interstitial pressure (intracompart-mental pressure – ICP) within a closed osteofascial compartment which impair local circulation. It occurs most often in the legs, but it can affects als...

The foot is the most complex structure, formed by 28 bones, 33 joints, and 112 ligaments, which are controlled by extrinsic and intrinsic muscles. The foot can be divided into the hindfoot (talus and calcaneus bones); the midfoot, which is formed by the cuboid, navicular, and three cuneiform bones; and the forefoot. The forefoot is composed of five...

Background: Greater Trochanter Pain Syndrome (GTPS) is the main reason for recalcitrant lateral hip pain. Gluteus medius and minimus tendinopathy plays a key role in this setting. An injectable medical compound containing collagen type I (MD-Tissue, Guna) has been produced with the aim to counteract the physiological and pathological degeneration o...

Osteitis pubis is a common cause of chronic groin pain, especially in athletes. Although a precise etiology is not defined, it seems to be related to muscular imbalance and pelvic instability. Diagnosis is based on detailed history, clinical evaluation, and imaging, which are crucial for a correct diagnosis and proper management. Many different the...

Introduction Periprosthetic fractures are increasing. The treatment is mostly surgical, but it has a high complication rate. Re-fracture and non-union with implant failure are the more frequent complications. Those complications are difficult to treat and can lead to severe disability. The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical results...

Tendon injuries, bone defects, and cartilage defects are complex clinical conditions leading to pain and dysfunctions. Tendon, bone, and cartilage are highly specialized and organized tissues, and the self-healing may be limited by their histologic features, or impaired by the local conditions. Furthermore, the resultant tissue often shows inferior...

The most common conservative approaches to the hip joint are the anterior, the Ganz safe surgical dislocation and the medial approach. The anatomy of these approaches is described in detail in this review. Each approach is also evaluated considering the surgical conservative indications, technique, and complications.

Introduction: The physiopathology of calcific tendinopathy (CT) is largely unknown. It could be the result of an active cell-mediated process. Many endocrine and metabolic diseases may impair the homeostasis of the tendon. The present study investigated whether hyperglycemia may influence the differentiation of bone marrow MSCs (bMSCs). The hypothe...

This work provides easily accessible guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of Achilles tendon ruptures. These guidelines could be considered as recommendations for good clinical practice developed through a process of systematic review of the literature and expert opinion, to improve the quality of care for the individual patie...

Intra-articular and peri-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) injections are widely used to treat several musculoskeletal pathologies. Although clinical outcomes are often positive for different conditions, an holistic consensus on this topic is still lacking. Our work is divided in two main sessions: in the first section we analyzed the preclinical base...

This work provides easily accessible guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of Achilles tendon ruptures. These guidelines could be considered as recommendations for good clinical practice developed through a process of systematic review of the literature and expert opinion, to improve the quality of care for the individual patie...

Background The Achilles tendon, the largest and strongest tendon in the human body, is nevertheless one of the tendons which most commonly undergoes a complete subcutaneous tear. Achilles tendon ruptures are especially common in middle aged men who occasionally participate in sport. Even though Achilles tendon ruptures are frequent, up to 25% of ac...

Achilles tendinopathy is a common cause of disability. New nerves fibers grow from the paratenon into the Achilles tendon, and they could play a central role in the development of pain. We report the results of minimally invasive Achilles tendon stripping for Achilles tendinopathy in 47 active patients. The Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-...

Background: The indications of hip arthroscopy increased over the past decade. Although mostly recommended for treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in young patients, well-selected older patients (> 60 years old) may benefit from this surgery. However, the role of hip arthroscopy for the management of older patients is controversial. The...

Primary traumatic patellar dislocation is common, particularly in young active individuals. A consensus on its management is still lacking. The present work provides easily accessible guidelines to be considered as recommendations for a good clinical practice developed through a process of systematic review of the literature and expert opinion, to...

Achilles tendon ruptures are common, but the correct diagnosis may be missed in up to 20% of patients at initial presentation. In some patients, a chronic rupture of the Achilles tendon may heal in continuity, resulting in a lengthened Achilles tendon. The elongated structure must now be shortened or reconstructed to allow some restoration of push-...

Chronic patellar tendinopathy affects athletes, with a higher incidence in high-impact sporting activities. It can seriously impair sports activities. Many patients respond well to conservative treatment, but about 10% of them are refractory to conservative treatment. In these cases, surgery is indicated. Multiple surgical techniques have been repo...

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the safety efficacy and outcomes of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) intra-articular injections for early stages of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Twenty-five patients affected by grade I and II knee primary OA according to the Kellgren–Lawrence scale received a single intra-articular PRP injection. P...

Background: Snapping hip is a common clinical condition, characterized by an audible or palpable snap of the hip joint. The snap can be perceived at the lateral side of the hip (external snapping hip), or at the medial (internal snapping hip). It is usually asymptomatic, but in few cases, in particular in athletes, the snap become painful (snapping...

Background: Internal snapping hip is a common clinical condition, characterized by an audible or palpable snap of the medial compartment of the hip. In most cases it is asymptomatic, while in a few patients, mostly in athletes who participate in activities requiring extremes of hip range of motion, the snap may become painful (internal snapping hi...

Achilles tendinopathy is a common cause of disability. Despite the economic and social relevance of the problem, the causes and mechanisms of Achilles tendinopathy remain unclear. Tendon vascularity, gastrocnemius-soleus dysfunction, age, sex, body weight and height, pes cavus, and lateral ankle instability are considered common risk factors. Curre...

Common chronic musculoskeletal injuries including tendinopathies, cartilage disorders, and spine disease are difficult to manage. Their treatments are often only palliative with the overall intention to reduce pain. Traditional interventions include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, corticosteroid injections, ice, rest, and bracing or im...

Hallux valgus is a common disorder of the forefoot, with deviation of the great toe (hallux) toward the midline of the foot and prominence of the head of the first metatarsal, the medial eminence. The etiology is poorly understood, and it is caused both by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Pain, bursitis of the medial eminence of the first ray, meta...

Achilles tendinopathy is common both in athletic and sedentary individuals, and the incidence has risen in the last few decades. Although Achilles tendinopathy has been extensively studied, there is a clear lack of properly conducted scientific research to clarify its cause, pathology, natural history, and optimal management. The management of Achi...

Despite the high level achieved in the field of shoulder surgery, a global consensus on rotator cuff tears management is lacking. This work is divided into two main sessions: in the first, we set questions about hot topics involved in the rotator cuff tears, from the etiopathogenesis to the surgical treatment. In the second, we answered these quest...

Chronic tendon injuries are a common cause of pain and of restriction of sports or daily life. Even though a number of published studies have focused on tendon injuries, healing and treatment, the pathogenesis still remains enigmatic. The pathogenesis of chronic tendon injuries is considered multifactorial, however the precise role of each predispo...

Subtalar joint arthroereisis (STA) can be used in the management of adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD), including posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. The procedure is quick and normally causes little morbidity; however, the implant used for STA often needs to be removed because of sinus tarsi pain. The present study evaluated the rate and ri...

Achilles tendinopathy is common both in athletic and sedentary individuals, and the incidence has risen in the last few decades. Although Achilles tendinopathy has been extensively studied, there is a clear lack of properly conducted scientific research to clarify its cause, pathology, natural history, and optimal management. The management of Achi...

The purpose of our investigation was to prospectively review and compare the early outcomes of Sanders II and III closed displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACFs) in a group of patients treated by open reduction and internal fixation with plate and screws using the extended lateral approach or the sinus tarsi approach (STA). Thirty-eig...

The Achilles tendon (AT) is the largest tendon in the human body, but it is also the one that frequently undergoes a complete subcutaneous tear. Men are more frequently affected than women, in particular between 30–40 years old. An AT tear is usually the end result of an asymptomatic process of failed heling typical of tendinopathy. The diagnosis o...

Achilles tendon ruptures are serious injuries both for athletes and sedentary individuals. Men are more frequently affected than women, especially between the ages of 30 and 40. Achilles tendon tears are usually the end result of an asymptomatic process of a failed healing response typical of tendinopathy. The diagnosis is clinical, based on carefu...

Distal tibia fractures are difficult to manage because of the scarcity of soft tissue, poor vascularity, and the subcutaneous nature of the tibia itself. Several surgical approaches have been described, including external fixation, open reduction, and internal fixation (ORIF), but the optimal treatment remains controversial. Minimally invasive plat...

Muscle injuries are frequent in athletes. Despite their high incidence, advances in clinical diagnostic criteria and imaging, their optimal management and rehabilitation strategies are still debated in literature. Furthermore, reinjury rate is high after a muscle lesion, and an improper treatment or an early return to sports can increase the rate o...

Groin pain is well known among both athletes and physicians. Groin injuries account for about 6 % of all athletes’ injuries, and the incidence increases up to 13 % in specific sports such as soccer. The incidence ranges from 12 % to 16 % of all injuries per season in a recent prospective study of hip and groin injuries in professional soccer player...

Tendinopathy of the Achilles tendon involves clinical conditions in and around the tendon and it is the result of a failure of a chronic healing response. Although several conservative therapeutic options have been proposed, few of them are supported by randomized controlled trials. The management is primarily conservative and many patients respond...

The number of children and adolescents participating in sports has greatly increased in the last decades. In the USA, 25 % of girls and 50 % of boys between 8 and 16 years of age participate in sports, while in Europe up to 79 % of children participate in organized sports [1]. The age of initiation of intense training is decreasing and programs exp...

Lateral ankle sprains are common sport-related injuries that may result in chronic pain and instability. The optimal management of chronic lateral ankle instability is still controversial. While approximately half of low-demand patients may benefit from a structured rehabilitation program, this is not acceptable for active people. Many surgical tec...

Primary traumatic patellar dislocation is a common injury in young active population. The medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is the primary restraint in preventing lateralization of the patella, and it is injured in most cases. Primary patellofemoral dislocation is usually managed nonoperatively, but recurrent dislocations are relatively common....

Hammertoe is one of the most common foot deformities. Arthrodesis or arthroplasty of the proximal interphalangeal joint using temporary Kirschner wire fixation is the most widespread method of surgical stabilization. However, this type of fixation is associated with some potential complications that can be obviated if percutaneous fixation is avoid...

acute compartment syndrome (ACS) is one of the few true emergencies in orthopedics and traumatology. It is a painful condition caused by the increase interstitial pressure (intracompart-mental pressure - ICP) within a closed osteofascial compartment which impair local circulation. It occurs most often in the legs, but it can affects also the arms,...

To the Editor,In the last years, several articles investigated the reliability and validity of raster stereography [1, 2, 5] raising several points about them [4]. Recently, we read an article on a “reliability study for sagittal, frontal, and transversal plane parameters” based on test-retest assessment [5]. We think that this article promotes an...

Over the last few years, minimally invasive surgical approaches have become established to manage Achilles tendon (AT) pathology to reduce the risk of infection and morbidity. Minimally invasive AT surgery produces faster recovery times, shorter hospital stays, and can improve functional outcomes when compared to traditional open techniques. We pre...

The extensor apparatus of the knee consists of the quadriceps muscle and tendon, the patella, and patellar tendon. Patellar fractures are common injuries, and neglected patella fractures are exceptional, while quadriceps or patellar tendon tears may be misdiagnosed in emergency department. Patellar tendon and quadriceps tendon ruptures are serious...

Distal tibia fractures are difficult to manage because of the scarcity of soft tissue, poor vascularity, and the subcutaneous nature of the tibia itself. Several surgical approaches have been described, including external fixation, open reduction, and internal fixation (ORIF), but the optimal treatment remains controversial. Minimally invasive plat...

Hallux valgus is a common disorder of the forefoot, with deviation of the great toe (hallux) toward the midline of the foot and prominence of the head of the first metatarsal, the medial eminence. The etiology is poorly understood, and it is caused both by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Pain, bursitis of the medial eminence of the first ray, meta...

Achilles tendon ruptures are serious injuries both for athletes and sedentary individuals. Men are more frequently affected than women, especially between the ages of 30 and 40. Achilles tendon tears are usually the end result of an asymptomatic process of a failed healing response typical of tendinopathy. The diagnosis is clinical, based on carefu...

Lateral ankle sprains are common sport-related injuries that may result in chronic pain and instability. The optimal management of chronic lateral ankle instability is still controversial. While approximately half of low-demand patients may benefit from a structured rehabilitation program, this is not acceptable for active people. Many surgical tec...

Over the last few years, minimally invasive surgical approaches have become established to manage Achilles tendon (AT) pathology to reduce the risk of infection and morbidity. Minimally invasive AT surgery produces faster recovery times, shorter hospital stays, and can improve functional outcomes when compared to traditional open techniques. We pre...

All book chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. However, users w...

PURPOSE: Patellar tendon rupture is a serious complication of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Its reconstruction in patients with chronic ruptures is technically demanding. This article reports the results of surgical reconstruction of neglected patellar tendon rupture in TKA using autologous hamstring tendons. METHODS: Nine TKA patients (six women...

The Forum “Metabolic diseases and tendinopathies: the missing link”, is the ultimate goal of the collaboration between Fondazione IBSA and I.S.Mu.L.T. We have to say that joining two medical branches such as Endocrinology and Orthopedics has not been easy, but the research and the last four years of hard work has allowed us to find much in common....

acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation is common in athletes and in contact sports and about 9% of shoulder injuries involves this joint. The majority of these AC lesions can be successfully treated conservatively but high grade dislocation and some cases of type III dislocation need a surgical treatment. Many different operative techniques have...

Achilles tendinopathy is common both in athletic and nonathletic individuals, and the incidence has risen in the last few decades. Although Achilles tendinopathy has been extensively studied, there is a clear lack of properly conducted scientific research to clarify its cause, pathology, natural history, and optimal management. The treatment of Ach...

The extensor apparatus of the knee consists of the quadriceps muscle and tendon, the patella, and 10 patellar tendon. Patellar fractures are common injuries, and neglected patella fractures are excep- 11 tional, while quadriceps or patellar tendon tears may be misdiagnosed in emergency department. 12 Patellar tendon and quadriceps tendon ruptures a...

Lateral ankle sprains are common sport-related injuries that may result in chronic pain and instability. The optimal management of chronic lateral ankle instability is still controversial. While approximately half of low-demand patients may benefit from a structured rehabilitation program, this is not acceptable for active people. Many surgical tec...

Muscle injuries are frequent in high demand sports. No guidelines are available in the scientific literature. ISMuLT, the "Italian Society of Muscles, Ligaments and Tendons", in line with its multidisciplinary mission, is proud to cover this gap.

Muscle injuries are challenging problems for surgeons. Muscle trauma is commonly treated conservatively with excellent outcome results while surgical repair is advocated for larger tears/lacerations, where the optimal goal is restore of function. Repair of muscle belly lacerations is technically demanding because the sutures pull out and the likeli...

Interest in medical errors has increased during the last few years owing to the number of medical malpractice claims. Reasons for the increasing number of claims may be related to patients' higher expectations, iatrogenic injury, and the growth of the legal services industry. Claims analysis provides helpful information in specialties in which a hi...