Alessandro Sette

• La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology

Background Subjects with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID), such as rheumatoid arthritis, with tuberculosis infection (TBI), have a high probability of progressing to tuberculosis disease (TB). We aim to characterize the impact of IMID on the immune response to M. tuberculosis (Mtb) in patients with TBI and TB disease. Methods We enroll...

Age-associated differences in the effect of repetitive vaccination, particularly on memory T-cell and B-cell responses, remain unclear. While older adults (aged ≥65 years) exhibited enhanced IgG responses following COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccination, they produced fewer spike-specific circulating follicular helper T cells-1 than younger adults. Simi...

Immunological memory mediates rapid protection following infection or vaccination including heterologous exposure. However, cross-reactive memory responses in humans remain poorly characterized. We explored the longevity and specificity of cross-protective responses to orthopoxviruses through smallpox vaccination and Mpox virus (MPXV) infection. Sm...

Post-pandemic memory T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 is durable, broadly targeted, and cross-reactive to the hypermutated BA.2.86 variant Graphical abstract Highlights d Spike-specific T cell memory responses are maintained into the post-pandemic period d T cell cross-recognition is preserved against highly mutated variants such as BA.2.86 d Even pri...

Inflammation has increasingly become a focus of study in regards to Parkinson’s disease (PD). Moreover, both central and peripheral sources of inflammation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. Central inflammation consisting of activated microglia, astroglia, and T cell responses within the PD central nervous system; and peripheral infla...

Understanding immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines is of great interest, principally because of the poor knowledge about the mechanisms of protection. In the present study, we analyzed longitudinally B cell and T cell memory programs against the spike (S) protein derived from ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-1), B.1.351 (beta), B...

The pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways that determine the balance of inflammation and viral control during SARS-CoV-2 infection are not well understood. Here we examine the roles of IFNγ and IL-10 in regulating inflammation, immune cell responses and viral replication during SARS-CoV-2 infection of rhesus macaques. IFNγ blockade tended to decrease...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a widely prevalent chronic neurodegenerative disease. The disease is characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons with abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn). The misfolded deposition of α-syn is known to mount robust adaptive immune response by activating T cells. Here, we show that peripheral mononuclear cells wh...

T cells play a critical role in the response of the immune system to non-self antigens. The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) continuously curates published T cell data, among other immune-related data, and allows users to create custom queries based on their research interests and aims. The IEDB’s companion site, the IEDB Analysis Resource, features...

The current Monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak in non-endemic countries is raising concern about the pandemic potential of novel orthopoxviruses. Little is known regarding MPXV immunity in the context of MPXV infection or vaccination with Vaccinia-based vaccines (VACV). As with vaccinia, T cells are likely to provide an important contribution to overa...

The ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2 requires monitoring the capability of immune responses to cross-recognize Variants of Concern (VOC). In this cross-sectional study, we examined serological and cell-mediated immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron, among a cohort of 18-21-year-old Marines with a history of either asymptomatic or m...

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has challenged the control of the COVID-19 pandemic even in highly vaccinated countries. While a second booster of mRNA vaccines improved the immunity against SARS-CoV-2, the humoral and cellular responses induced by a second booster of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine have not been studied. In the context of a phase...

Despite the remarkable efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, waning immunity and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants such as Omicron represents a global health challenge. Here, we present data from a study in nonhuman primates demonstrating durable protection against the Omicron BA.1 variant induced by a subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine comprising the receptor...

Reagents to monitor T cell responses to the entire HIV genome, based on well characterized epitopes, are missing. Evaluation of HIV-specific T cell responses is of importance to study natural infection, and therapeutic and vaccine interventions. Experimentally derived CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ HIV epitopes from the HIV molecular immunology database were develo...

To prepare for future coronavirus (CoV) pandemics, it is desirable to generate vaccines capable of eliciting broadly neutralizing antibody responses to CoVs. Here, we show that immunization of macaques with SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein with a two-shot protocol generated potent serum receptor binding domain cross-neutralizing antibody responses to b...

CoronaVac is an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine approved by the World Health Organization (WHO). Previous studies reported increased levels of neutralizing antibodies and specific T cells 2 and 4 weeks after two doses of CoronaVac; these levels were significantly reduced at 6 to 8 months after the two doses. Here, we report the effect of a booster d...

NVX-CoV2373 is an adjuvanted recombinant full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer protein vaccine demonstrated to be protective against COVID-19 in efficacy trials. Here we demonstrate that vaccinated subjects made CD4+ T cell responses after one and two doses of NVX-CoV2373, and a subset of individuals made CD8+ T cell responses. Characterization of th...

Objectives: Potential differences in the breadth, distribution and magnitude of CD4+ T-cell responses directed against the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein between vaccinees, COVID-19 patients and subjects who experienced both ways of immunisation have not been comprehensively compared on a peptide level. Methods: Following virus-specific in vitro...

Background The development of vaccines to control the COVID-19 pandemic progression is a worldwide priority. CoronaVac ® is an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine approved for emergency use with robust efficacy and immunogenicity data reported in trials in China, Brazil, Indonesia, Turkey, and Chile. Methods This study is a randomized, multicenter, and...

The microbiome contributes to the development and maturation of the immune system. In response to commensal bacteria, intestinal CD4+ T lymphocytes differentiate into functional subtypes with regulatory or effector functions. The development of small intestine intraepithelial lymphocytes that coexpress CD4 and CD8αα homodimers (CD4IELs) depends on...

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of concern comprises several sublineages with BA.2 and BA.2.12.1 having replaced the previously dominant BA.1, and BA.4 and BA.5 increasing in prevalence worldwide. We show that the large number of Omicron sublineage spike mutations lead to enhanced ACE2 binding, reduced fusogenicity, and severe dampening of plasma ne...

A large proportion of the global population received a single dose of the Ad26.COV2.S coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccine as priming vaccination, which was shown to provide protection against moderate to severe COVID-19. However, the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that harbor immune-evasiv...

SARS-CoV-2 is still a major burden for global health despite effective vaccines. With the reduction of social distancing measures, infection rates are increasing in children, while data on the pediatric immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is still lacking. Although the typical disease course in children has been mild, emerging variants may pres...

Several HLA allelic variants have been associated with protection from or susceptibility to infectious and autoimmune diseases. Here, we examined whether specific HLA alleles would be associated with different Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection outcomes. The HLA alleles present at the -A, -B, -C, -DPA1, -DPB1, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DRB1, and -DRB3...

In 2014, the Immune Epitope Database automated benchmark was created to compare the performance of the MHC class I binding predictors. However, this is not a straightforward process due to the different and non-standardized outputs of the methods. Additionally, some methods are more restrictive regarding the HLA alleles and epitope sizes for which...

BBV152 is a whole-virion inactivated vaccine based on the Asp614Gly variant. BBV152 is the first alum-imidazoquinolin-adjuvanted vaccine authorized for use in large populations. Here we characterized the magnitude, quality and persistence of cellular and humoral memory responses up to 6 months post vaccination. We report that the magnitude of vacci...

Many immunocompromised patients mount suboptimal humoral immunity after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Here, we assessed the single-cell profile of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells post-mRNA vaccination in healthy individuals and patients with various forms of immunodeficiencies. Impaired vaccine-induced cell-mediated immunity was observed in many immunoc...

BACKGROUND CD (cluster of differentiation) 4 ⁺ T-cell responses to APOB (apolipoprotein B) are well characterized in atherosclerotic mice and detectable in humans. CD4 ⁺ T cells recognize antigenic peptides displayed on highly polymorphic HLA (human leukocyte antigen)-II. Immunogenicity of individual APOB peptides is largely unknown in humans. Only...

We studied SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in 22 subacute MIS-C children enrolled in 2021 and 2022 using peptide pools derived from SARS-CoV-2 spike or nonspike proteins. CD4+ and CD8+ SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were detected in 5 subjects, CD4+ T helper (Th) responses alone were detected in 12 subjects, and CD8+ cytotoxic T cell (CTL) respon...

We assessed SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in samples from 89 acute COVID-19 patients, utilizing blood samples collected during the first wave of COVID-19 in Italy. The goal of the study was to examine correlations between SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in the early phase comparing mild, moderate, or severe COVID-19 diseas...

Synthetic peptides are commonly used in biomedical science for many applications in basic and translational research. While peptide synthesis is generally easy and reliable, the chemical nature of some amino acids as well as the many steps and chemical compounds involved can render the synthesis of some peptide sequences difficult. Identification o...

Immunological memory is the basis of protective immunity provided by vaccines and previous infections. Immunological memory can develop from multiple branches of the adaptive immune system, including CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, B cells, and long‐lasting antibody responses. Extraordinary progress has been made in understanding memory to SARS‐CoV‐2 inf...

Background Several COVID-19 vaccines have been approved. The mRNA vaccine from Pfizer/BioNTech (Comirnaty, BNT162b2; BNT) and the vector vaccine from AstraZeneca (Vaxzevria, ChAdOx1; AZ) have been widely used. mRNA vaccines induce high antibody and T cell responses, also to SARS-CoV-2 variants, but are costlier and less stable than the slightly les...

Objectives We assessed vaccination-induced antibody and cellular response against spike from the ancestral strain and from the Delta Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) treated with disease modifying treatments. Methods We enrolled 47 patients with MS and nine controls (“no...

HIV/Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) co-infected individuals have an increased risk of tuberculosis prior to loss of peripheral CD4 T cells, raising the possibility that HIV co-infection leads to CD4 T cell depletion in lung tissue before it is evident in blood. Here, we use rhesus macaques to study the early effects of simian immunodeficiency viru...

Multiple COVID-19 vaccines, representing diverse vaccine platforms, successfully protect against symptomatic COVID-19 cases and deaths. Head-to-head comparisons of T cell, B cell, and antibody responses to diverse vaccines in humans are likely to be informative for understanding protective immunity against COVID-19, with particular interest in immu...

Atherosclerosis is accompanied by a CD4 T cell response to apolipoprotein B (APOB). Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) tetramers can be used to isolate antigen-specific CD4 T cells by flow sorting. Here, we produce, validate and use an MHC-II tetramer, DRB1*07:01 APOB-p18, to sort APOB-p18-specific CD4 T cells from peripheral blood...

The B cell “help” function of CD4⁺ T cells is an important mechanism of adaptive immunity. Here, we describe improved antigen-specific T-B co-cultures for quantitative measurement of T cell-dependent B cell responses, with as few as ∼90 T cells. Utilizing Mtb, we show that early priming and activation of CD4⁺ T cells is important for productive int...

Reagents to monitor T cell responses to the entire HIV genome, based on well characterized epitopes, are missing. Evaluation of HIV-specific T cell responses is of importance to study natural infection, and therapeutic and vaccine interventions. Experimentally derived CD4 ⁺ and CD8 ⁺ HIV epitopes from the HIV molecular immunology database were deve...

Definition of the T cells responses to SARS-CoV-2 and associated variants is critical to understanding the complexity of adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several groups have investigated the T cells responses by both experimental and bioinformatical approaches. Here we summarize recent findings on CD4 and CD8 T cell responses to SARS...

Since the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic began 2 years ago, the scientific community has swiftly worked to understand the transmission, pathogenesis, and immune response of this virus to implement public health policies and ultimately project an end to the pandemic. In this perspective, we present our work ide...

While several lines of evidence suggest a protective role of T cells against disease associated with Dengue virus (DENV) infection, their potential contribution to immunopathology in the acute phase of DENV infection remains controversial, and it has been hypothesized that the more severe form of the disease (dengue hemorrhagic fever, DHF) is assoc...

SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response has been associated with disease severity, immune memory and heterologous response to endemic coronaviruses. However, an integrative approach combining a comprehensive analysis of the quality of SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell response with antibody levels in these three scenarios is needed. In the present study, we f...

NVX-CoV2373 is an adjuvanted recombinant full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer protein vaccine demonstrated to be protective against COVID-19 in efficacy trials. Here we demonstrate that vaccinated subjects made CD4+ T cell responses after one and two doses of NVX-CoV2373, and a subset of individuals made CD8+ T cell responses. Characterization of th...

Objectives. We assessed vaccination-induced antibody and cellular responses against spike from the ancestral strain and from the delta (δ) SARS-CoV-2 variant in patients with Immune Mediated Inflammatory Diseases (IMID) on immunosuppressive therapy in comparison with immunocompetent subjects. Methods. We enrolled IMID patients and immunocompetent s...

Rationale Although nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) disease is a growing problem, available treatments are suboptimal and diagnostic tools are inadequate. Immunological mechanisms of susceptibility to NTM disease are poorly understood. Objective To understand NTM pathogenesis, we evaluated innate and antigen-specific adaptive immune responses to...

Immune-modulating medications for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have been associated with suboptimal vaccine responses. There is conflicting data with SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We therefore assessed SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity at 2 weeks post second mRNA vaccine in 29 IBD patients compared to 12 normal healthy donors (NHD). We observed redu...

Multiple COVID-19 vaccines, representing diverse vaccine platforms, successfully protect against symptomatic COVID-19 cases and deaths. Head-to-head comparisons of T cell, B cell, and antibody responses to diverse vaccines in humans are likely to be informative for understanding protective immunity against COVID-19, with particular interest in immu...

Despite the remarkable efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, waning immunity, and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants such as Omicron represents a major global health challenge. Here we present data from a study in non-human primates demonstrating durable protection against the Omicron BA.1 variant induced by a subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, consisting of R...

Background The Sinovac SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) has been demonstrated to be safe, well tolerated, and efficacious in preventing mild and severe Covid-19. Although different studies have demonstrated its short-term immunogenicity, long-term cellular and humoral response evaluations are still lacking. Methods Cellular and humoral r...

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has multiple Spike (S) protein mutations1,2 that contribute to escape from antibody neutralization3–6 and reduce vaccine protection from infection7,8. The extent to which other components of the adaptive response such as T cells may still target Omicron and contribute to protection from severe outcomes is unknown. We...

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of concern comprises three sublineages designated BA.1, BA.2, and BA.3, with BA.2 steadily replacing the globally dominant BA.1. We show that the large number of BA.1 and BA.2 spike mutations severely dampen plasma neutralizing activity elicited by infection or seven clinical vaccines, with cross-neutralization of BA....

SARS-CoV-2 primarily replicates in mucosal sites, and more information is needed about immune responses in infected tissues. Here, we used rhesus macaques to model protective primary immune responses in tissues during mild COVID-19. Viral RNA levels were highest on days 1-2 post-infection and fell precipitously thereafter. ¹⁸ F-fluorodeoxyglucose (...

Understanding immune memory to Common Cold Coronaviruses (CCCs) is relevant for assessing its potential impact on the outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and for the prospects of pan-corona vaccines development. We performed a longitudinal analysis, of pre-pandemic samples collected from 2016-2019. CD4+ T cells and antibody responses specific for CCC...

The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 variant-of-concern Omicron (B.1.1.529) has destabilized global efforts to control the impact of COVID-19. Recent data have suggested that B.1.1.529 can readily infect people with naturally acquired or vaccine-induced immunity, facilitated in some cases by viral escape from antibodies that neutralize ancestral SARS-Co...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multi-stage neurodegenerative disorder with largely unknown etiology. Recent findings have identified PD-associated autoimmune features including roles for T cells. To further characterize the role of T cells in PD, we performed RNA sequencing on PBMC and peripheral CD4 and CD8 memory T cell subsets derived from PD pat...

The global emergence of many severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants jeopardizes the protective antiviral immunity induced following infection or vaccination. To address the public health threat caused by the increasing SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) with...

Importance: The SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.529 (Omicron) escapes neutralizing antibodies elicited after COVID-19 vaccination, while T-cell responses might be better conserved. It is crucial to assess how a third vaccination modifies these responses, particularly for immunocompromised patients with readily impaired antibody responses. Objective: To...

Background Multiple vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been evaluated in clinical trials, but very few include the pediatric population. The inactivated vaccine CoronaVac ® has shown to be safe and immunogenic in a phase 1/2 clinical trial in a pediatric cohort in China. This study is an interim safety and immunogenicity report of a phase 3 clinical...

Both SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 vaccines elicit memory T cell responses. Here, we report the development of 2 pools of experimentally defined SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes that, in combination with spike, were used to discriminate 4 groups of subjects with different SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccine status. The overall T cell-based cla...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients possess circulating T cells that recognize specific α-synuclein-(α-syn)-derived epitopes. One epitope, α-syn 32-46 , interacts strongly with the HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele implicated in multiple autoimmune diseases. Whether this interaction and α-syn-specific T cells play roles in PD pathogenesis remains unknown. We rep...

The severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) is spreading rapidly, even in vaccinated individuals, raising concerns about immune escape. Here, we studied neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses targeting SARS-CoV-2 D614G (wildtype, WT), and the B.1.351 (Beta), B.1.617.2 (Delta), and B.1....

With the goal of improving the reproducibility and annotatability of MHC multimer reagent data, we present the establishment of a new data standard: Minimal Information about MHC Multimers (https://miamm.lji.org/). Multimers are engineered reagents composed of a ligand and a MHC, which can be represented in a standardized format using ontology term...

Vaccine-mediated immunity often relies on the generation of protective antibodies and memory B cells, which commonly stem from germinal center (GC) reactions. An in-depth comparison of the GC responses elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in healthy and immunocompromised individuals has not yet been performed due to the challenge of directly probin...

Many steps of the MHC class I antigen processing pathway can be predicted using computational methods. Here we show that epitope predictions can be further improved by considering abundance levels of peptides’ source proteins. We utilized biophysical principles and existing MHC binding prediction tools in concert with abundance estimates of source...

Spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the MHC class II. We fine-mapped the MHC region in European (n = 1,600; 594 HCV clearance/1,006 HCV persistence) and African (n = 1,869; 340 HCV clearance/1,529 HCV persistence) ancestry individuals and evaluated HCV peptide...

SARS-CoV-2 is still a major burden for global health despite effective vaccines. With the reduction of social distancing measures, infection rates are increasing in children, while data on the pediatric immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is still lacking. Although the typical disease course in children has been mild, emerging variants may pres...

High levels of T helper 17 cell (Th17)-related cytokines have been shown in acute Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. We hypothesized that the high levels of Th17-related cytokines, associated with a regulatory environment during pregnancy, create a favorable milieu for the differentiation of CD4+Th17 cells. We present data from a cross-sectional study on...

We address whether T cell responses induced by different vaccine platforms (mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, Ad26.COV2.S, NVX-CoV2373) cross-recognize early SARS-CoV-2 variants. T cell responses to early variants were preserved across vaccine platforms. By contrast, significant overall decreases were observed for memory B cells and neutralizing antibodies. In...

Why Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) develops after SARS-CoV-2 infection in a subset of children is unknown. We hypothesized that aberrant virus52 specific T-cell responses contribute to MIS-C pathogenesis. We quantified SARS-CoV-2 reactive T-cells, serologic responses against major viral proteins, and cytokine responses from p...

SARS-CoV-2 primarily replicates in mucosal sites, and more information is needed about immune responses in infected tissues. We used rhesus macaques to model protective primary immune responses in tissues during mild COVID-19. Viral RNA levels were highest on days 1-2 post-infection and fell precipitously thereafter. ¹⁸ F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-a...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009842.].

Background COVID-19 mRNA vaccines have proven to be highly safe and effective. Myocarditis is an adverse event associated with mRNA vaccination, especially in young male subjects. These events are rare and, in the majority of cases, resolve quickly. As myocarditis can be driven by autoimmune responses, we wanted to determine if the SARS-CoV-2 spike...

According to the WHO 2009 classification, dengue with warning signs is at the risk of developing severe form of dengue disease. One of the most important warning signs is plasma leakage, which can be a serious complication associated with higher morbidity and mortality. We report that the frequency of CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells is signif...

The notion that autoimmune responses to α-synuclein may be involved in the pathogenesis of this disorder stems from reports that mutations in α-synuclein or certain alleles of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are associated with the disease and that dopaminergic and norepinephrinergic neurons in the midbrain can present antigenic epitopes...

It is critically important to understand how the adaptive immune response, elicited by vaccination or infection, recognizes SARS-CoV-2. This is especially true when considering the challenges to the immune response posed by variant evolution. Herein, we summarize our work aimed at characterizing the magnitude of the CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell responses t...

The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 variant-of-concern Omicron (B.1.1.529) has destabilized global efforts to control the impact of COVID-19. Recent data have suggested that B.1.1.529 can readily infect people with naturally acquired or vaccine-induced immunity, facilitated in some cases by viral escape from antibodies that neutralize ancestral SARS-Co...

The severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) is spreading rapidly, even in vaccinated individuals, raising concerns about immune escape. Here, we studied neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 D614G (wildtype, WT), and the B.1.351 (Beta), B.1.617.2 (Delta), and B.1.1.529 (...

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has multiple Spike (S) protein mutations that contribute to escape from the neutralizing antibody responses, and reducing vaccine protection from infection. The extent to which other components of the adaptive response such as T cells may still target Omicron and contribute to protection from severe outcomes is unknow...

We address whether T cell responses induced by different vaccine platforms (mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, Ad26.COV2.S, NVX-CoV2373) cross-recognize SARS-CoV-2 variants. Preservation of at least 83% and 85% for CD4 ⁺ and CD8 ⁺ T cell responses was found, respectively, regardless of vaccine platform or variants analyzed. By contrast, highly significant decrea...

Importance: The SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron escapes neutralizing antibody responses elicited after COVID-19 vaccination, while T-cell responses might be better conserved. It is crucial to assess how a third dose of vaccination modifies these responses, particularly for immunocompromised patients with readily impaired antibody responses. Objective: T...

The HIV-mediated decline in circulating CD4 T cells correlates with increased the risk of active tuberculosis (TB). However, HIV/Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) co-infected individuals also have an increased incidence of TB prior to loss of CD4 T cells in blood, raising the possibility that HIV co-infection leads to disruption of CD4 T cell respon...

A infecção pelo ZIKV durante a gestação pode levar ao desenvolvimento de anormalidade congênitas, conhecidas como Síndrome da Zika Congênita (SZC). Níveis elevados de citocinas relacionadas ao perfil Th17, como IL17, IL1β e IL6 foram demonstrados durante a infecção pelo ZIKV. Além disso, sabe-se que, durante a gestação, são detectados níveis elevad...

Introdução/objetivos Infecções pelo ZIKV ocasionalmente podem desencadear um amplo espectro de malformações congênitas, coletivamente denominados de Síndrome da Zika Congênita. Um número restrito de estudos descreve a imunidade na infecção pelo ZIKV durante a gravidez, tanto em modelos experimentais, como em pacientes. Desta forma, buscamos determi...

Background The century-old Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) remains the only licensed vaccine against tuberculosis (TB). Despite this, there is still a lot to learn about the immune response induced by BCG, both in terms of phenotype and specificity. Methods We investigated immune responses in adult individuals pre and 8 months p...

Over the last few decades, several emerging or reemerging viral diseases with no readily available vaccines have ravaged the world. A platform to fastly generate vaccines inducing potent and durable neutralizing antibody and T cell responses is sorely needed. Bioinformatically identified epitope-based vaccines can focus on immunodominant T cell epi...