Alessandro Grandi

• Research Associate at Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici

The Mediterranean Sea is a quasi-permanently stratified and oligotrophic basin with intense late-winter and early-spring phytoplankton blooms typically limited to few regions (i.e. northwestern Mediterranean Sea, the southern Adriatic Sea, and the Rhodes Gyre). In these areas, blooms are sustained by nutrient injection to surface layers by winter v...

The Mediterranean Forecasting System produces operational analyses and reanalyses and 10 d forecasts for many essential ocean variables (EOVs), from currents, temperature, salinity, and sea level to wind waves and pelagic biogeochemistry. The products are available at a horizontal resolution of 1/24∘ (approximately 4 km) and with 141 unevenly space...

The Mediterranean Sea is a quasi-permanently stratified and oligotrophic basin with intense late-winter early-spring phytoplankton blooms typically limited to few regions (i.e., northwestern Mediterranean Sea, the Southern Adriatic Sea and the Rhodes gyre). In these areas, blooms are sustained by nutrients injection to surface layers by winter vert...

The Mediterranean Forecasting Systems produces operational analyses, reanalyses and 10-day forecasts for many Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs), from currents, temperature to wind waves and pelagic biogeochemistry. The products are available at a horizontal resolution of 1/24 degrees (approximately 4 km) and 141 unevenly spaced vertical levels. The...

In order to be able to forecast the weather and estimate future climate changes in the ocean, it is crucial to understand the past and the mechanisms responsible for the ocean variability. This is particularly true in a complex area such as the Mediterranean Sea with diverse dynamics like deep convection and overturning circulation. To this end, ef...

Marine Forecasting and Reanalysis Systems • CMCC develops and maintains both the Black Sea and Mediter-ranean Sea Marine Forecasting and Reanalysis Systems in CMEMS. • In all the systems, satellite altimeter observations are assimilated to achieve the best estimate of the system. • Assimilated altimeter products are provided by CMEMS SeaLevel TAC (...

The Mediterranean community represented in this paper is the result of more than 30 years of EU and nationally funded coordination, which has led to key contributions in science concepts and operational initiatives. Together with the establishment of operational services, the community has coordinated with universities, research centers, research i...

This study describes a new model implementation for the Mediterranean Sea that has been achieved in the framework of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). The numerical ocean prediction system, that operationally produces analyses and forecasts of the main physical parameters for the entire Mediterranean Sea and its Atlantic...

The Mediterranean Forecasting System (MFS) is a numerical ocean prediction system that produces analyses, reanalyses and short term forecasts for the entire Mediterranean Sea and its Atlantic Ocean adjacent areas. The system is now part of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) providing regular and systematic information abou...

The first in situ measurements of seawater density that referred to a geographical position at sea and time of the year were carried out by Count Luigi Ferdinando Marsili between 1679 and 1680 in the Adriatic Sea, Aegean Sea, Marmara Sea, and the Bosporus. Not only was this the first investigation with documented oceanographic measurements carried...

Recent oceanographic field measurements and high-resolution numerical modelling studies have revealed intense, transient, submesoscale motions characterised by a horizontal length scale of 100–10,000 m. This submesoscale activity increases in the fall and winter when the mixed layer (ML) depth is at its maximum. In this study, the submesoscale moti...

This work describes the first step towards a fully coupled modelling system composed of an ocean circulation and a wind wave model. Sensitivity experiments are presented for the Mediterranean Sea where the hydrodynamic model NEMO is coupled with the third-generation wave model WaveWatchIII (WW3). Both models are implemented at 1/16° horizontal reso...

The first quantitative measurements of seawater properties were carried out by Count Luigi Ferdinando Marsili in a cruise between 1679 and 1680 in the Aegean Sea, Marmara Sea and the Bosphorus Strait. The data reported in the historical oceanographic treatise “Osservazioni intorno al Bosforo Tracio” (Marsili, 1681) allowed us to reconstruct the sea...

Recent oceanographic field measurements and high-resolution numerical modelling studies have revealed intense, transient, submesoscale motions characterised by a horizontal length scale of 100m-10000m. This submesoscale activity increases in fall and winter when the mixed layer (ML) depth is at its maximum. In this study, the submesoscale motions a...

The present work aims to investigate the thermohaline properties and the circulation of the Gulf of Taranto, which is a deep, semi-enclosed ocean area in the northern Ionian sea, encircled by two Italian peninsulas of southern Apulia and Calabria. Since few observations in the past have been reported in the Gulf of Taranto, it emerged the need of p...

The near real time monitoring and long-term assessment of the physical state of the ocean are crucial for the wide CMEMS user community providing a continuous and up to date overview of key indicators computed from operational analysis and reanalysis datasets. This constitutes an operational warning system on particular events, stimulating the rese...

A multiscale sampling experiment was carried out in the Gulf of Taranto (eastern Mediterranean) providing the first synoptic evidence of the large-scale circulation structure and associated mesoscale variability. The mapping of the mesoscale and large-scale geostrophic circulation showed the presence of an anticyclonic large-scale gyre occupying th...

A multiscale sampling experiment was carried out in the Gulf of Taranto (eastern Mediterranean) providing the first synoptic evidence of the large scale circulation structure and associated mesoscale variability. The mapping of the mesoscale and large scale geostrophic circulation showed the presence of an anticyclonic large scale Gyre occupying th...

The Mediterranean Forecasting System: the physical modeling system upgrade and the wave-cuurent coupling

The product quality of the CMEMS-­‐Med-­‐MFC (physical and biogeochemical components) is assessed through a series of qualification and validation tasks. The procedures allow evaluating the skill performance of the future modelling system and the quality of the numerical products operationally using an independent (not assimilated) and a semi-­‐ind...

The input data used for the Med-MFC Physics in 2014 and 2015 and in the caval system.

INGV (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia) is responsible for the operational production of the physical component of the Mediterranean Sea Monitoring and Forecasting Center (Med-­‐MFC) of the Copernicus Marine Service Monitoring System (CMEMS). The system was implemented in 2000 by the INGV National Group of Operational oceanography (GN...

Product Quality Assessment for the Mediterranean Sea forecasting System in the Copernicus Marine Service

In the framework of Copernicus Marine Environment Service (CMEMS), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) is part of the Monitoring and Forecasting Center for the Mediterranean Sea (Med-MFC). The CMEMS service “provides regular and systematic information about the physical state and dynamics of the ocean and marine ecosystems for the...

Wind waves and oceanic circulation processes are of major interest in determining accurate sea state predictions and their interactions are very important for individual dynamic processes. This work presents a coupled wave-current numerical modelling system composed by the ocean circulation model NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean) a...

A web-based validation platform has been developed at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) for the Near Real Time validation of the MyOcean-Mediterranean Monitoring and Forecasting Centre products (Med-MFC). A network for the collection of the in-situ observations, the nested sub-basin forecasting systems model data (provided b...

Overview about the activities of the National Group of Operational Oceanography (GNOO)

In the frame of the SeaDataNet project, several regional climatologies for the temperature and salinity are being developed by different groups. The data used for these climatologies are distributed by the 40 SeaDataNet data centers. Such climatologies have several uses: 1. the detection of outliers by comparison of the in situ data with the climat...

A new gridded climatology for the Mediterranean Sea has to be computed in the frame of EU_Project SEADATANET. This work describes the data used and the optimal interpolation technics adopted in order to set up the work strategy for the computation of new climatology on regular grid.The horizontal resolution is 1/8 x 1/8 of degree and 32 unevely spa...

A simple stereoselective synthesis of cyclic synthons 4a,b and 10a,b, derived from an l-valine unit and an unnatural derivative of the aspartic acid, has been accomplished starting from the chiral synthon 1 and following the procedure already reported by us for the synthesis of similar compounds. These cyclic synthons are interesting substrates bec...

A series of chiral 1,4-morpholin-2,5-dione derivatives were synthesized starting from chiral synthons 1 and 2, diastereomeric monolactim ethers derived from l-valine. The compounds investigated, were inactive toward β-glucosidase, α-mannosidase and α-galactosidase but behave as noncompetitive inhibitors against the α-glucosidase (from Saccharomices...

Stereoselective synthesis of unusual nonproteinogenic dipeptides 7a,b,d,e and h and 13b and i, containing an l-valine unit and a cyclic unnatural α-amino acid, has been accomplished starting from the l-valine derived chiral synthon 1. The absolute configurations of the new stereocentres were assigned on the basis of 1H NMR spectra.

Stereoselective synthesis of pseudotripeptides 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 13 and 14, incorporating an uncommon bis(α-aminoacid) derivative, has been accomplished starting from the L-valine derived chiral synthon 1. The configuration of the introduced stereogenic centres has been assigned on the basis of 1H NMR spectroscopic data. The geometry of the tripeptide...

A series of chiral 1,4-morpholine-2,5-dione derivatives were synthesized. These substrates behave as non competitive inhibitors against α-glucosidase showing a moderate inhibition (Ki< 0.8 mM) and were found inactive towards β-glucosidase.

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

The stereocontrolled synthesis of peptides 6, 9 and 14, structural variants of 2,6-diaminopimelic acid, was carried out starting from the chiral synthon 1. easily obtained from L-valine. The configuration of the introduced stereogenic centres has been assigned on the basis of H-1 NMR spectroscopic data. X-Ray crystal structure and conformation anal...

New gridded climatologies for the Mediterranean sea have been computed in the frame of the EU-Project Seadatanet. The horizontal grid resolution is of 1/8° x 1/8° and 32 unevenly spaced vertical level. The DIVA software as been used for the computation of the climatologies from the available in-situ data. The new climatolgies have been evaluated th...