Aleksi Karhula

• DSocSci
• PostDoc Position at University of Helsinki

Socioeconomic residential segregation has been increasing in many cities in Europe and globally. Selective migration is usually considered the main mechanism shaping the socioeconomic trajectories of neighbourhoods, although some studies have suggested it to have only minor contributions. However, it is worth looking, how persons in different life...

Rising residential socioeconomic segregation is a globally acknowledged phenomenon that also occurs in the Nordic welfare states. Our study provides a comprehensive view of residential socioeconomic and ethnic segregation across 20 Finnish cities, including both large and smaller cities. We highlight the importance of the scale of analysis by compa...

Tässä raportissa tarkastellaan keväällä ja kesällä 2024 kerättyä Seurantatutkimus-kyselyaineiston ensimmäistä aaltoa. Kysely toteutettiin Turun yliopiston INVEST-tutkimuskeskuksessa. Kysely toistetaan myös vuosina 2025 ja 2026. Otantamenetelmänä käytettiin iän ja sukupuolen mukaan ositettua satunnaisotantaa. Kysely lähetettiin Digi- ja väestötietov...

In this paper, we examine the cost of job loss to household incomes, and the extent to which initial losses are compensated through the market, within the household and by the social security programmes. We use high quality survey and administrative data from Denmark, Finland, Germany and the UK for the period of 1990-2018 and monitor incomes after...

As a result of the ongoing urbanization megatrend, cities have an increasingly critical role in the search for sustainability. To create sustainable strategies for cities and to follow up if they induce desired effects proper metrics on the inter and intra-urban development is needed. In this paper, we analyze the sustainability development in the...

As a result of the ongoing urbanization megatrend, cities have an increasingly critical role in the search for sustainability. To create sustainable strategies for cities and to follow up if they induce desired effects proper metrics on the development of neighborhoods are needed. In this paper, we introduce a neighborhood classification framework...

To what extent are differences in education, occupational standing, and income attributable to genes, and do genetic influences differ by parents’ socioeconomic standing? When in a children’s life course does parents’ socioeconomic standing matter for genetic influences, and for which of the outcomes, fixed at the different stages of the attainment...

It is often assumed that families migrate to improve their economic and social prospects, and that these additional resources can benefit the whole family. However, existing research suggests that many children who have experienced (internal) migration underperform compared to their non‐migrating peers in terms of different socioeconomic outcomes....

The extent to which siblings resemble each other measures the omnibus impact of family background on life chances. We study sibling similarity in cognitive skills, school grades, and educational attainment in Finland, Germany, Norway, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We also compare sibling similarity by parental education and occ...

Migration and residential segregation are intrinsically linked. However, little attention has been given to internal migration and its relationship with socioeconomic segregation. In this study, we illustrate the pathways individuals take between rural and urban settings and examine the association between these pathways and segregation in the Hels...

To what extent are genetic effects on children’s education, occupational standing, and income shaped by their parents’ socioeconomic characteristics? Does the impact vary over their children’s early life course, and are there differences across the social strata? We studied these research questions with Finnish register-based data on 6,542 pairs of...

It is often assumed that families migrate to improve their economic and social prospects, and that these additional resources can benefit the whole family. However, existing research suggests that many children who have experienced (internal) migration underperform compared to their non-migrating peers in terms of different socioeconomic outcomes....

The literature on the intergenerational effects of unemployment has shown that unemployment has short-term negative effects on children’s schooling ambitions, performance and high school dropout rates. The long-term effects on children’s educational outcomes, however, are mixed. One potentially important limitation of previous studies has been that...

This paper proposes a process-oriented life course perspective on intergenerational mobility by comparing the early socioeconomic trajectories of siblings to those of unrelated persons. Based on rich Finnish register data (N = 21,744), the findings show that social origin affects not only final outcomes at given points in the life course but also l...

http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi-fe2019112744447

We studied the intergenerational impact of parental unemployment on the socioeconomic status of children. We used data from the Finnish depression of the 1990s, one of the deepest depressions in the history of OECD countries. We compared the impact of parental unemployment of children aged 12-18 during both a period of economic growth and a period...

The human sex ratio at birth (SRB) is approximately 107 boys for every 100 girls. SRB was rising until the World War II and has been declining slightly after the 1950s in several industrial countries. Recent studies have shown that SRB varies according to exposure to disasters and socioeconomic conditions. However, it remains unknown whether change...

Descriptive statistics. (PDF)

Dataset used for the analysis. (CSV)

Densities for sex ratio by year from 1971 to 2013. The x-axis of the scatter plot is SRB, and the y-axis presents the kernel density estimates. SRB is calculated as the number of male births per 1000 female births from annual live birth data by sex obtained from the United Nations. Only countries with more than 10 years of data are included. In add...

R code used for the analysis. (R)

Densities for sex ratio for 23 OECD countries from 1971 to 2013. The x-axis of the scatter plot is SRB, and the y-axis presents the kernel density estimates. SRB is calculated as the number of male births per 1000 female births from annual live birth data by sex obtained from the United Nations. Only countries with more than 10 years of data are in...

Non-linear, third degree polynomial association between changes in disposable income per capita from previous year and SRB. (TIFF)

Non-linear, fifth degree polynomial association between changes in disposable income per capita from previous year and SRB. (TIFF)

The number of observations per country. (PDF)

Association between changes in disposable income, GDP per capita, and changes in SRB. (PDF)

This paper considers the overall effect of family background on homeownership by applying sibling correlation models. Sex differences, differences between singles and couples, and variation during the early life course (25-35 years old) are analysed using Finnish register data. These models enable the estimation of the overall effect of the family...

Sibling studies have been widely used to analyze the impact of family background on socioeconomic and, to a lesser extent, demographic outcomes. We contribute to this literature with a novel research design that combines sibling comparisons and sequence analysis to analyze longitudinal family-formation trajectories of siblings and unrelated persons...

We study the intergenerational impact of parental unemployment on the socioeconomic status of the children. We compare the Finnish children facing parental unemployment during the rapid economic growth of the late 1980s and the recession of the early 1990s at the age of 12-18, taking into account the length of parental unemployment spell. The reces...

The human sex ratio at birth (SRB) is long known to be relatively constant at around 107 boys born for every 100 girls. In recent studies evidence has been found that SRB might vary according to exposure to chemicals and socioeconomic conditions. SRB has also been declining after World War II in several industrial countries – a phenomenon that rema...