Aleksi Kajander

• Tallinn University of Technology

Smart Cities will provide an unprecedented trove of data that is set to revolutionize the efficiency of cities and the competitiveness of businesses according to the EU’s Strategy for Data. The governance of this data is concerning, for it is already evident that non-personal data can significantly affect communities, an effect which would be ampli...

The article discusses the development of autonomous robotic transport systems for use in hospitals and medical facilities and presents a legal analysis with a particular focus on the development of related case-law and legislation in the past years. The new solutions are part of the evolutionary trends and hold the potential to determine the future...

Smart cities are purported to produce vast amounts of data of immense value, both commercially and from a governance perspective. The control and stewardship of this smart city data remains controversial, with concerns for the role of the individual smart citizens and the control they exercise over the data they generate. Elinor Ostrom’s Nobel priz...

Autonomous Weapons Systems (AWS) are already in use around the world by various militaries. However, the law governing such systems in the scope of international humanitarian law (IHL) currently lacks specific binding international treaties. Nevertheless, the existing framework is not silent on the topic of new weapons. Article 36 of Additional Pro...

Aunque la clasificación de los trabajadores de la economía gig lleva muchos años siendo motivo de controversia en el marco del derecho laboral europeo, la aparición de la pandemia de la COVID-19 la ha convertido en una prioridad. El papel de la economía gig ha cambiado: de ser una opción laboral para complementar los ingresos se ha convertido, para...

While the classification of gig economy workers under European labour law has been controversial for many years, the COVID-19 pandemic made it a priority. The role of the gig economy has changed: from being an employment option that provides supplementary income, it has become many people’s main income source, which is why the European Union (EU) a...

The discussion on international law applicable to cyber operations has shifted from asking whether international law applies to cyberspace to how it applies. Recently the European Union declared in its renewed cybersecurity strategy the ambition to develop common EU position on the application of international law in cyberspace. As part of a broade...

The discussion on international law applicable to cyber operations has shifted from asking whether international law applies to cyberspace to how it applies. Recently the European Union declared in its renewed cybersecurity strategy the ambition to develop common EU position on the application of international law in cyberspace. As part of a broade...

The article focuses on the issue of data governance in connected vehicles through a novel analysis of current legal frameworks in the European Union. The analysis of relevant legislation, judicial decisions, and doctrines is supplemented by discussions relating to associated sustainability issues. Relevant notions of autonomous vehicles are analyze...

The cornerstone of a democracy is the right for all citizens to have a voice in public affairs. However, when the thoughts behind that voice arise from maliciously distorted information, that cornerstone begins to erode itself. From aggression in Ukraine, MH17 to BLM, Russian information warfare undermines and misuses democratic principles along wi...

Common Article 1 of the Geneva Conventions requires that states ‘respect and ensure respect for’ the Geneva Conventions ‘in all circumstances’. In the new 2016 Commentary to the Convention, the existence of not only a negative obligation, but also a positive obligation of third countries to a conflict to prevent violations was confirmed. Hence, thi...