Aleksandra Lewandowska-Walter

• PhD
• University of Gdańsk

Although global research on the 5Cs model of Positive Youth Development (PYD; competence, confidence, connection, character, and caring) has expanded in recent years, there is a lack of understanding about distinct and consistent PYD profiles across youth from diverse socio-cultural contexts. To address this gap, this study utilized a person-orient...

The study is aimed at determining how teens' intrinsic and materialistic goals and the importance of these goals for their parents are related to teens' activities in four domains of activism-political activism (PA), social activism (SA), environmental activism (EA) and consumer activism (CA). A total of 459 Polish teens aged 16-18 were surveyed, a...

The current study investigated the motives that underlie support for COVID-19 preventive behaviorsin a large, cross-cultural sample of 12,758 individuals from 34 countries. We hypothesized that the associations of empathic prosocial concern and fear of disease, with support towards preventive COVID19 behaviors would be moderated by the individual-l...

With the COVID-19 pandemic, behavioural scientists aimed to illuminate reasons why people comply with (or not) large-scale cooperative activities. Here we investigated the motives that underlie support for COVID-19 preventive behaviours in a sample of 12,758 individuals from 34 countries. We hypothesized that the associations of empathic prosocial...

In the ubiquitous and empowering culture of consumption and materialism, teens are increasingly exposed to the “having” orientation at the expense of the “being” orientation. Undergoing developmental changes and searching for their own identity, adolescents are especially susceptible to unfavorable materialistic influences. Numerous studies unanimo...

Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) is a widely used measure that captures somatic symptoms of coronavirus-related anxiety. In a large-scale collaboration spanning 60 countries (Ntotal = 21,513), we examined the CAS’s measurement invariance and assessed the convergent validity of CAS scores in relation to the fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) and the satisfac...

There are only a few instruments that assess for parentification in adults and even fewer that examine current levels of parentification among adolescents. The original Parentification Inventory (PI; Hooper, 2009) was developed to assess for parentification—a family caregiving process abdicated by adults to children—among adults in the United State...

The current study investigated the motives that underlie support for COVID-19 preventive behaviorsin a large, cross-cultural sample of 12,758 individuals from 34 countries. We hypothesized that the associations of empathic prosocial concern and fear of disease, with support towards preventive COVID-19 behaviors would be moderated by the individual-...

Background: Despite extensive knowledge about the quality of life of people suffering from rare diseases, data on patients with Marfan syndrome (MFS) are scarce and inconsistent. Hence, the problem of assessing the quality of life (QOL) and its relationship with the assessment of which ailments are the most burdensome for these patients is still o...

Separation of siblings is one of the most difficult diagnostic problems faced by psychologists. Such situations are happening more often in the face of the increasing number of divorces and breakdown of relationships. Therefore, a diagnostic task becomes an in-depth assessment of intra-family relationships, ties connecting family members, the prefe...

The present study examined how adolescents' materialism relates to interpersonal materialism role models (i.e., mothers', fathers', siblings', and peers'), media exposure, and family socioeconomic status (SES). We obtained our data from the adolescent, his/her mother and father, and one each of his/her siblings and peers. The results showed that mo...

Artykuł jest analizą alienacji rodzicielskiej z perspektywy diagnozy psychologicznej umożliwiającej jej odróżnienie od reakcji dziecka na rodzica faktycznie krzywdzące-go. W pierwszej kolejności należy wskazać, że wywieranie na dziecko wpływu prowa-dzącego do alienacji jest formą emocjonalnej przemocy i powoduje skutki podobne do innych form jego k...

The aim of the study was to propose a model of risk factors for adolescent materialism related to insecurity feeling from parents and peers. Teenagers aged 13–16 were surveyed. The results of the study showed a good fit for the tested model of the sources of materialism linked to insecurity feeling. Parental emotional support, occurrence of threate...

Family resilience is a construct based on interactive processes occurring in the family, enabling the family to effectively overcome everyday stressors, as well as developmental and unpredictable crises. By observing how the family deals with difficulties using family resilience processes, we are able to support both parents and protect children ag...

Abstract: Family resilience is a construct based on interactive processes occurring in the family, enabling the family to effectively overcome everyday stressors, as well as developmental and unpredictable crises. By observing how the family deals with difficulties using family resilience processes, we are able to support both parents and protect c...

The aim of the study was to examine the role of self-esteem in resisting the influence of materialistic goals of four social role models (mother, father, peers, and media) in adolescents (aged 13–16). Previous studies showed a negative correlation between the psychological health of teens and striving for materialistic goals, one of the main source...

The aim of the present research was to examine the influence of situational priming of materialistic social models on adolescents’ materialistic and non-materialistic life aspirations. Three experimental studies were conducted on students aged 13-16 years. Each study used a different means of cuing materialism (scrambled sentences, questions concer...

Parentification is a form of distorted division of roles and responsibilities in the family where the roles of parent and child are reversed. A situation that goes beyond the child's capabilities and exhausts resources usually yields numerous negative consequences. Nevertheless, in some circumstances , parentification may be beneficial by shaping r...

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, higher educational institutions worldwide switched to emergency distance learning in early 2020. The less structured environment of distance learning forced students to regulate their learning and motivation more independently. According to self-determination theory (SDT), satisfaction of the three basic psychological...

Children who experience parentification may have trouble performing developmental tasks due to being overwhelmed by their family caregiving roles and responsibilities. Past studies have found that parentification is negatively associated with academic achievement. However, most of these studies are limited in that they are retrospective and examine...

Family Assessment Resilience Scale (FRAS) by Sixbey (2005) is based on the model proposed by Walsh (1996), allows to evaluate the processes of family resilience. The main goal of this study was to adapt the English version of FRAS to the Polish population (FRAS-PL) as there is no questionnaire in Poland to assess family resilience. After the proces...

Parentification occurs when children provide caregiving for family members that typically exceeds their capacity and developmental stage. Parentification roles and responsibilities are often linked with deleterious outcomes, including robbing children of age-appropriate opportunities, activities, and support. However, in some circumstances, such as...

Background Parentification is defined as a pattern of family interactions in which a child or an adolescent provides excessive care to the parents instead of receiving it from them. The phenomenon is linked to family difficulties, personality disorders or abuse of psychoactive substances, yet in some circumstances, it may be a factor contributing t...

Background Diagnosis of chronic illness, which constitutes a life-threatening situation such as in Marfan syndrome or dis-ease with periods of remission and severity such as in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), leads to problems with the functioning of the adolescent and the whole family system. Therefore the aim of the study was to determine th...

The purpose of the study was to verify whether the birth of younger siblings is associated with an increase in the number of diffi cult normative and non-normative behaviors in children at the toddler’s age. The study involved 68 pairs of parents with children aged 24 to 36 months. There were two groups of respondents: 1. parents of only children (...

Dzieci z poważnymi problemami zdrowotnymi (określane w literaturze anglojęzycznej przez niektórych badaczy jako SNC – (ang. special needs children, por. Pickar, Kaufman, 2015) stanowią szczególne wyzwanie dla sądów rodzinnych w zakresie rozstrzygnięć dotyczących władzy rodzicielskiej po rozwodzie. Badania rozpadających się rodzin, w których wychowy...

The method is addressed to recognize and diagnose development of personality in 13-19 years old having some trouble meeting social behavioral, emotional, and psychological problems.

The aim of the study was to explore the relations between parentification characteristics and resiliency dimensions.

Parentification is the process of role reversal between the child and the parent, whereby the child provides support and acts as the caregiver for the parent, instead of being supported and taken care of. The phenomenon of parentification may afflict families at diverse stages of development, including those before as well as after the phase of emp...

The aim of the study was to explore the relationships between the level of parentification characteristics and coping strategies in the group of Polish teenage girls and boys. The results indicated that girls are more likely to experience emotional parentification whereas boys tend to experience instrumental parentification. In addition, both group...

Parentification is a form of distorted division of roles and responsibilities in the family where those roles are being reversed (cf. Minuchin, 1984; Jurkovic, 1997; Hooper, 2008, 2011; Schier, 2010, 2014; Haxhe, 2016). A situation which goes beyond the child's capabilities and exhausts resources usually yields numerous negative consequences. Never...

A two-career marriage is a modern family model, within which both partners pursue a career as employees, often in leadership positions, but also a career associated with holding specific roles in the family, marriage and the household. The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between the level of work engagement and the subjective quali...

abstract. The purpose of the study was to verify whether the birth of younger siblings is associ-ated with an increase in the number of diffi cult normative and non-normative behaviors in children at the toddler’s age. The study involved 68 pairs of parents with children aged 24 to 36 months. There were two groups of respondents: 1. parents of only...

Książka przybliża specyfikę sytuacji rozwodowej rozumianej jako procesu przebiegającego w trzech fazach: okresu nasilonego konfliktu małżeńskiego poprzedzającego decyzję o rozstaniu, okresu formalnego rozwodu oraz okresu porozwodowego cechującego się licznymi zmianami i wymagającego adaptacji do nich. W każdym z tych okresów ukazano problemy i trud...

The article describes construct of family resilience with the main focus on the model Walsh. The aim of this arti- cle is to present preliminary results: adaptation, reliability, statistical analyses of the Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS) for the Polish population. Participants (n = 329), aged 18-35, completed experimental Polish version...

Parentification means distortion of the roles between family members. A child performs adult tasks and responsibilities for his siblings and/or parents. The aim of the study was to extend the knowledge about parentification and its connections with parental conflict as well as strategies of coping with parental conflict in the group of late adolesc...

Background: The aim of the research is an analysis of the functioning of mothers of mentally-handicapped children and adolescents. Given the absence or inconsistencies in the results of hitherto research emphasis was placed on the sense of coherence and communica tion in the family as factors conditioning the organisation of intra- and interpersona...

Parentification is a form of distorted division of the roles and responsibilities in the family. It means reversing the roles between parent and child. The amount of child’s responsibilities is excessive in relation to his or her age or the child takes on adult roles and responsibilities. The aim of presented research was to define the relation bet...

Parentyfikacja jest dysfunkcją podziału ról w rodzinie, która objawia się odwróceniem hierarchii w systemie i cechuje się tym, że dziecko przejawia właściwe dorosłym role oraz wypełnia przypisane rodzicom obowiązki domowe (Hooper, Doehler, Hannah, 2011; Schier, 2014). Adresatem działań dziecka mogą być jego rodzice i/lub rodzeństwo. W sytuacji pare...

Family Relation Scale presents the new approach to diagnose family relationships as they are perceived by children (age 5-14). Using this method psychologists are able to diagnose structure, hierarchy, and emotional bonds in the family.

Kwestionariusz Relacji z Rodzeństwem KRR jest narzędziem służącym do oceny relacji w podsystemie rodzeństwa. Można nim badać osoby w wieku 12–25 lat (normy stenowe). Nie ma ograniczeń w stosowaniu kwestionariusza dotyczących na typu rodziny, w której wychowuje się adolescent. Dzięki przeznaczeniu i swojej formie kwestionariusz stanowić może uzupełn...

Pytanie o więź emocjonalną (uczuciową) małoletniego z każdym z rodziców jest klasycznym i najczęściej pojawiającym się pytaniem w tezach dotyczących spraw rozwodowych, regulujących kontakty oraz wszelkie zmiany w zakresie sposobu wykonywania władzy rodzicielskiej, kierowanych przez sądy do opiniowania sądowo-psychologicznego w sprawach rodzinnych....

O profesjonalizmie relacji diagnostycznej świadczy prawo badanego do prywatności, prawo do decydowania o sobie i stosowanych procedurach oraz prawo do informowania o wynikach badaniach (Toeplitz-Winiewska, 2000). O swoich prawach osoby opiniowane w sądowych sprawach rodzinnych są informowane w fazie początkowej badania i na tej podstawie wyrażają z...

The influence of parentification on young adult’s self-esteem Parentification is a form of distorted division of the roles and responsibilities in the family. It means reversing the roles between parent and child. The amount of child’s responsibilities is excessive in relation to its age or the child takes on adult roles and responsibilities. A ch...

Background We attempted to assess whether students identified by their teachers as gifted in the domain of science are characterised by significantly higher levels of intelligence and creativity than other students. We investigated the features of their personalities that are indicators of their exhibited creative or reproductive attitude in the c...

mgr Judyta Borchet, dr Aleksandra Lewandowska-Walter, Instytut Psychologii, Uniwersytet Gdański Spójność i elastyczność systemu rodzinnego jako predyktory parentyfikacji- abstrakt. Parentyfikacja to dysfunkcja systemu rodzinnego polegająca na odwróceniu ról pełnionych przez dziecko i rodzica. Zjawisko parentyfikacji przejawia się poprzez niekorzy...

Abstract Values, attachement styles and self-esteem vs. adolescents’ materialism. Anna Maria Zawadzka, Institute of Psychology, University of Gdansk, e-mail: anna.maria.zawadzka@ug.edu.pl; Aleksandra Lewandowska-Walter, Instytut Psychologii, Uniwersytet Gdański, e-mail: psyalw@ug.edu.pl The study presented in this paper deals with relationships be...

Konflikty między małżonkami mogą wywierać destruktywny wpływ na spójność systemu rodzinnego, na atmosferę wychowawczą, a z perspektywy rozwojowej przede wszystkim na kształtowanie się osobowości i sfery emocjonalnego funkcjonowania dziecka, które w sposób dotkliwy doświadcza napięć między rodzicami (Peris, Goeke-Morey, Cummings, Emery, 2008; Cummin...

Background Parentification is a pattern of family interactions when either a child or an adolescent accepts roles and obligations fulfilled by adults. Being burdened with duties and taking care of parents makes separation, as well as fulfilment of development tasks and acceptance of roles suitable for a child, difficult. Simultaneously parentifica...

Background The article describes the Symbiotic Bond Questionnaire (SBQ) – the theoretical background as well as its psychometric characteristics and psychological correlates. The items were created on the basis of the definition of symbiotic personality (Johnson, 1994a). Participants and procedure For these initial survey development and cross-...

Altered family experiences place children in foster care at risk for school adjustment difficulties. This study focuses on exploring the differences in school adaptation, locus of control, depression symptoms, and attachment styles among children in foster care and children raised by their biological parents. Sixty children completed self-report qu...

Background Dance is an extremely complicated sports discipline, which combines features of the “original” form of dance associated with the expression of self and one’s emotions while maintaining the qualities of a competitive sport. It is particularly important for the cooperation of a couple to develop a relationship during training so that the...

The conflict between partners may manifest itself in variety of forms. In this study, author’s own conflict classification was presented. The criterion of division was the conflict’s intensification what enabled to single out three types of conflicts: aggressive, functional and silent conflict. Parental conflict does not only concern the partners b...

Projekt badawczy „Świat wewnętrzny adolescenta w rodzinie alkoholowej” realizowano od października 2008 do listopada 2009. Inicjatywa powstała w wyniku doświadczeń klinicznych zespołu Ośrodka Terapii Dzieci i Młodzieży z Rodzin Alkoholowych w Gdańsku. Celem projektu było zbadanie procesów i zjawisk psychologicznych, konstytuujących świat przeżyć we...

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of recent relational trends in Poland. Based on the clinical, theoretical, and empirical literature, the overview addresses both attitudinal (e.g., focus on individual need fulfillment and gender equality) and behavioral (e.g., timing of first intercourse and living arrangements) factors. The li...

Background The aim of the two research studies presented in this article was to test the reliability and validity of the Polish version of the Cognitive Distortions Scale (CDS). The relation of the CDS to psychological measures of well-being and other theoretically relevant variables was also explored. Participants and procedure Two correlation...

Jednym z podstawowych zadań, jakie stoją przed familiologami, jest pogłębianie i poszerzanie wiedzy dotyczącej funkcjonowania dorosłych i dzieci, którzy są członkami złożonych systemów rodzinnych. Przykładem takiego systemu jest rodzina zrekonstruowana, w której para dorosłych wychowuje wspólnie dzieci jednego z partnerów z jego poprzedniego związk...

A critical situation that parents of children with disabilities have to deal with often surpasses their adaptive and financial abilities, which is significant for their well-being. The family often fights for keeping the balance, but can often do that in a way that blocks the development of the whole system or individual development of people that...

Narzędzie składa się z 15 zabaw opisanych w podręczniku, oraz przygotowanych do ich przeprowadzenia pomocy. Wykorzystanie wybranych z zestawu zabaw w diagnozie dziecka pozwala na ocenę spójności systemu rodzinnego, czyli siły i jakości więzi uczuciowej pomiędzy członkami rodziny, hierarchii osób ważnych w życiu dziecka oraz granic rodziny zewnętrzn...

This study, using the Polish version of the Work Addiction Risk Test developed by Robinson (1999), examines the relationships of workaholism to affect regulation and emotional abilities. It is suggested, that workaholics have a generally low level of self-regulation of emotions and emotional com- petences. Workaholics (N = 59) and non-workaholics (...

In the psychological literature there are theories of mother-infant bonding defined as a process that begins in prenatal life. The authors explored the perceived family cohesion amongst people who has just become parents from the perspective of bonding theories. The studies were conducted during 2-3 days after the childbirth. Mothers (the first and...

The aim of the conducted studies was to find a mechanism responsible for shaping intimate relationships among Adult Children of Alcoholics, including variables that mediate this process: family variables (retrospective assessment of one’s relationship with parents) and personality variables (level of differentiation of Self). As it was previously p...

Introductions. The concept of the missing fourth trimester assumes that the pregnancy ends in about 3 months premature. The first three months of newborn’s life are difficult both for the baby – because of the exposure to external stimuli, what is manifested in difficulties within the process of nursing and meeting child’s needs, and his parents –...

Introductions. The concept of the missing fourth trimester assumes that the pregnancy ends in about 3 months premature. The first three months of newborn's life are difficult both for the baby - because of the exposure to external stimuli, what is manifested in difficulties within the process of nursing and meeting child's needs, and his parents -...

Popular knowledge attributes the tendency to be more overworked to men rather than to women. As a consequence workaholism is perceived more as a masculine than a feminine problem. Results obtained so far from studies carried out on the Polish population suggest something to the contrary. The subject of our interest was the relationship between work...

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu są rodzinne czynniki decydujące o uzależnieniu od pracy. Rozważania dotyczą związku między pracoholizmem a jakością relacji w rodzinie generacyjnej zoperacjonalizowanych jako postawy rodzicielskie ojca i matki w retrospektywnej ocenie badanych. W oparciu o doniesienia z literatury świadczące o związku wzoru pracohol...

Resilient parenting and secure attachment. How to break „the circle of psychological poverty”? The purpose of the article is to present main elements of John Bowlby’s attachment theory: the nature of the attachment relationship and its implications for cognitive, emotional and social development of human being, especially in the early childhood as...

Until now the approach to the problem of what determines workaholism was mainly limited to the motivational doctrine. The presented study takes into account the relevance of volitional processes in regulating work obsession, and are an attempt of taking a broader approach towards the phenomena. Workaholics and non-workaholics were compared on the b...

Background: Recent research into anorexia nervosa suggests that it results from an interaction between genetic, neurohormonal and environmental factors. The aim of our study was to analyze the mutual relationships between the respective parental roles of mothers and fathers and the aggressive behavior displayed by girls with anorexia nervosa. Mater...