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In an experiment on outbred male ICR CD-1 mice irradiated at a wide range of doses of gamma irradiation 60Co from 7.4 to 9.4 Gy with a 30-day survival rate from 100 to 5%, the dose-effect and time-effect relationships in relation to animals’ temperature and body mass index during acute radiation sickness were studied. The latent phase of acute radi...
The proportion of splenocytes with a high level of DNA double-strand breaks was determined in mice exposed to primary and secondary radiation created by bombarding of a concrete barrier (thickness 20, 40, and 80 cm) by 650 MeV protons. The proportion of splenocytes with a high level of DNA double-strand breaks was assessed by flow cytometric analys...
Experiment on female ICR CD-1 mice showed that non-contact infrared thermometry can be used for short-term and medium-term prognosis of animal death during the development of acute radiation syndrome. In mice irradiated with X-rays in a dose of 7.25 Gy (LD100/30), the body temperature 1 and 5 days before death was below the normal limit (<36.4°C) i...
Purpose: Assessment of the role of various factors in the formation of radioresistance is an important section of radiobiology, radiation medicine, including radiation therapy for hematological oncological diseases. The quality of drinking water, as it turned out, can significantly affect the radio resistance. Against the background of studying the...
The experiments on mice showed that subchronic food restriction to 40 and 8% of unrestricted ration is a strong stressor inducing devastation of lymphoid organs, primarily the thymus and spleen. The mice in the group with severe food restriction (8% of normal ration) demonstrated increased front paw grip force. We also observed an increase in spont...
Investigations into the effects of heavy charged particles (HCPs) of galactic space radiation on the central nervous system (CNS) of cosmonauts are crucial for evaluation of radiation risks in exploration class missions. Cytological studies of rat's cerebellum irradiated with carbon 12C heavy ions with the energy of 500 MeV/nucleon were performed a...
On the phasotron at the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research in Dubna outbred female mice ICR(CD-l) with body mass 26-34 g were irradiated 20, 40 and 60 minutes in the field of secondary neutron radiation by 10 to 30 fractions with mean duration of about 2 min each. Mice were exposed once to 0.5 Gy of y-quanta 60Co and fractionally to 1.0 (0.5 + 0.5...
Planning of the deep-space exploration missions raises a number of questions on the radiation protection of astronauts. One of the medical concerns is associated with exposure of a crew to highly energetic particles of galactic cosmic rays. Among many other health disorders, irradiation with these particles has a substantial impact on the central n...
Mechanisms of damaging mice bone marrow cells by 1.5 MeV neutrons at the dose of 25-250 cGy, dose rate of 23.9 cGy/s and γ-quants ⁶⁰Co as a standard radiation were studied. The mitotic index and aberrant mitoses in marrow preparations were counted in 24 and 72 hours after irradiation. Coefficients of relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of fast...
Outbred CD-1 mice females aged 4 to 4.5-months were investigated in 21-22 hours following total γ-irradiation at 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 200 mGy. Loss in bone marrow karyocytes, as well as spleen and thymus mass reductions were significant in the group of animals irradiated at 50 and 200 mGy and less dramatic in mice irradiated at 75 mGy. The orien...
Cytogenetic damages to cells of the corneal epithelium were studied in mice exposed to protons (10, 25, 50 and 645 MeV), ions of boron, carbon and neon, and X-rays (180 keV) within the dose range from 25 to 750 cGy and injected with a radioprotector. Animals were subjected to a single exposure. The protective effect of β-mercaptoethylamine was test...
Damages to corneal epithelium cells were studied in mice irradiated by protons with the energies of 10, 25, 50 and 645 MeV, 60Co γ-quanta and accelerated ions of boron, carbon and neon with the energies of 7.5; 2.5 and 6.0 MeV/nucleon, respectively. X-rays (180 keV) were used as a standard radiation. Animals were exposed to a single dose in the ran...
The results of studying the mitotic activities and chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells from C57/BL6N mice with the help of the anaphase technique in 12 hours after completion of the 30-day "Bion-M1" mission and ground-based experiment using flight equipment are presented. A statistically reliable decline of the mitotic activity (0.74%) was...
The influence of light water with the reduced content of heavy stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen (deuterium) on the cytogenetic status of irradiated animals was investigated. In mice, hybrids of the first generation (CBA x C57B1) F1, the increase in the output (two-fold at the dose of 2 Gy) of aberrant mitoses in the cells of bone marrow and t...
The experiments were performed with outbred CD-1 male mice (SPF category). Total irradiation at 1.0; 2.5 and 5.0 Gy by protons with the average energy of 170 MeV was conducted in a level medical beam of the phasotron at the Joint Institute of Nuclear Investigations. Targets were 2 points of in-depth dose distribution, i.e. beam entrance of the obje...
The experiment was performed with outbred ICR (CD-1). female mice (SPF). The animals were irradiated by 171 MeV protons at a dose of 20 cGy. The spacecraft radiation protection elements used in the experiment were a construction of wet hygiene wipes called a "protective blind", and a glass plate imitating an ISS window. Physical obstacles on the pa...
Taking into consideration the complexity of radiation factors and stressogenic factors of non-radiation nature in cosmic flights and prognostic difficulties of radiation situation, the authors propose to distinguish several stages of pharmacological protection for cosmonauts. The preparatory stage is realized on the Earth. The next stage is monitor...
Outbred CD-1 female mice were irradiated in a proton beam (171 MeV, 5 Gy) on the phasotron at the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (Dubna, Russia). Radiation was delivered in two points of the depth dose distribution: at the beam entry and on Bragg's peak. Technical requirements for studying the effects of Bragg's peak protons on organism of exp...
Experiments showed that drinking water supplemented with a complex of 12 microelements and organic acids stimulates body mass gain and strengthening of radioresistance in mice. Obviously, availability of water with the mineral and organic complex before and after irradiation was the factor in survival of a part of mice exposed to the absolutely let...
Eighty outbred CD-I male and female mice (initial body mass of 31-34 g) and 40 male Wistar rats (initial body mass of 280-360 g) were randomly distributed into the experimental and control groups by sex and body mass. According to the results of experiments, consumption of rectified light-isotope water over 30 days immediately after irradiation by...
The paper deals with a comparative study of two regimens of Macaca mulatta continuous 2-week gamma- and double fractionated acute irradiation by the total absorbed doses of 250 and 132 cGy, respectively; data about chromosomal aberration rates in peripheral lymphocytes were correlated. Based on calculations it was hypothesized that, regardless of r...
Experiments were performed with outbreed mice CD-I and hybrid mice (CBA' C57BI)F1. Seven to 21 days before irradiation, the mice had continuously consumed light-isotope water (35 ppm) produced by rectification w/o secondary treatment. Dose of single gamma-irradiation ranged from 4 to 8.5 Gy. The radiomodifying effects included statistically reliabl...
Effect of potable water with low content of heavy stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen on body mass and hematopoiesis was studied in intact laboratory animals. Outbred CD-I and first generation hybrid (CBA*C57B)F1 mice exhibited a statistical acceleration of body mass gain as a result of drinking rectified light-isotopic water with ppm 35; stimul...
Damage and post-radiation reparation processes were studied in cornea epithelium cells of mice irradiated by protons with the energy of 25 MeV and 60Co gamma-rays singly and in 2 fractions. Protons linear energy transfer (LET) was equal to 2.1 keV/pm, dose rate -0.5 cGy/s. Animals were irradiated singly by 25 and 750 cGy and doubly (25 + 25; 50 + 5...
Forty eight male Wistar rats with initial weight of 200–220 g were exposed to EMF of 2450 MHz frequency and 500 μW/cm2 intensity for 7 h daily over a period of 30 days. On the seventh and 14th days after completion of exposure to the long-term
EMF, enzyme immunoassay revealed a significant increase in the amount of specific antibodies of the IgM an...
Mobile communications provides a new source of electromagnetic exposure for almost the whole population of Russia. For the
first time in the history of civilization, the brain of mobile phone users is exposed to localized radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic
fields (EMF). Base stations are a factor in the exposure of the population. Existing standar...
The effect of long-term nonthermal EMF exposure of 2450 MHz (500 μW/cm2) on the level of antibodies against brain and liver tissues is studied on rats by the complement-fixation test (CFT) in the
cold. It is found that a statistically significant increase in the level of antibodies against aqueous extracts of brain and
liver tissues in blood serum...
In experiments on mice (CBA × C57Bl)F1 an experimental model is developed for studying the effect of radiation on antitumor resistance. Adequate ways are offered
for statistical processing of the data on enhancement of tumor growth in the irradiated organism. The validated model is a
solid tumor developing after inoculation of a mouse with 1000 cel...
The article discusses the informative significance and pertinence of cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes to the clinical-physiological investigations of cosmonauts conducted before and after space missions (SM) of varying duration. The authors point out high sensitivity of the technique, relative simplicity and affordability of the...
This paper presents the results of the study of the effects of long-term low-level exposure of rats to microwaves. Rats were exposed in far field to 2450 MHz continuous wave fields providing an incident power density at the cages of 500 microW/cm2 for 7 hours daily for a total of 30 days resulting in a whole-body SAR of 0.16 +/- 0.04 W/kg. Three gr...
The propose of these examination was the study of antiradiation effects of vaccine Grippol (VG). It was determined, that subcutaneous injection VG mice (0.2 ml), hamsters (0.2 ml), dogs (0.5 ml) before 1-14 days of total gamma-irradiation (2.5-8.5 Gy) had positive effect of acute radiation disease. This effect was expressed in increase of survival...
The propose of these examination was studied antiradiation effect of lactoferrin (LF). It was determined, that subcutaneous injection LF (65 or 300 mkg/kg) guinea-pigs irradiated after 1-14 days after of total gamma-irradiation (2.5 Gr) had therapeutically effect attached to the bone marrow form of acute radiation disease (ARD). This effect was exp...
In experiences on mice (CBA x C57Bl) F1 the experimental model for studying action of radiation on antineoplastic resistance is developed. Adequate ways of statistical processing of the received data testifying to amplification of tumoral growth in the irradiated organism are offered. The use of model of the solid form of the tumor developing after...
The information significance of the immunological indexes for the prognosis of gravity of course and of outcome of an acute radiation disease for the people after the exposure of ionizing radiation in clinically significant doses is studied. The value of indexes of the C-reactive protein contents, of the complement contents and of the titer of haem...
In spite of intensive antimicrobial prophylaxis and therapy, most patients with acute radiation sickness I-IV severity grade (dose of 0.1-13.7 Gy) developed infections caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses. Frequency and intensity of those infections were proportional to the radiation dose and severity grade of radiation sickness.
In experiments with two species of animals (dogs, guinea pigs) irradiated with sublethal and lethal doses of gamma-rays, it was observed, that leucynferon had antiradiation effect. Course of injections: dogs--8 injections subcutaneus: 2.0 ml (1, 3, 5, 8, 12, 14, 21, 34 days after irradiation); guinea pigs--14 injections subcutaneus, 0.2 ml (1-14 da...
At present time in the SRC--Institute of Biophysics the data bank containing the information on the reactions of 431 dogs to radiation exposure in a wide range of doses has been created. By the results of 4299 blood tests reporting a leukocyte content, including 2509 tests reporting a blood formula, the individual peculiarity of the peripheral bloo...
Using the experimental modeling of late effects induced by intake of radionuclides (131I, 238,239Pu, 90Sr) the attempt to investigate the possibility of protection using immune modulators was made. Co-polymer of 2-methil-5-vinilprilidin and N-vinilpirrholidon (sovidon), G immunoglobulin and interferon, Fc fragment of immunoglobulin and S. parathyph...
The importance of the immune system in radiation damage of the organism is demonstrated. A review of published data is given. Immune mechanisms (anaphylactic reactions) play an important role in the pathogenesis underlying clinical manifestations of primary response to radiation exposure. In the peak of acute radiation sickness, radiation damage to...
The experiments with AKR mice, that are carriers of the T-cell leukemia virus showed their higher radiosensitivity as compared to (CBA x C57Bl)F1 mice in respect of survival and hemopoietic status. The regular patterns observed are presumed to result from lower ability of AKR mice to repair radiation damage and provide resistance to infections.
In experiments with three species of animals (mice, rabbits, monkeys) irradiated with sublethal and lethal doses of gamma-irradiation, it was observed, that leukinferon used in 4 hours or 10 days after provided antiradiation therapeutical effect. When lethal dose was used (mice) the survival of animals was significantly increased. The preparation d...
A total of 965 parallel tests for coli bacilli were carried out using the wash-out or print methods in the course of sanitary and epidemiologic inspection of different objects. The methods used in the study were equally sensitive and provided compatible results which were in good correlation. The print method with bacterial tests is more rapid (by...
The referenced and our data on the radioprotective effect of microbial substances have been analysed. It was shown that Gram-negative microbe polysaccharides produce the maximum effect. The radioprotective mechanism of polysaccharides is considered in connection with their effect on the immune and hemopoietic systems.
The referenced and our data on the radioprotective effect of microbial substances have been analyzed. It was shown that Gram-negative microbe polysaccharides produce the maximum effect. The radioprotective mechanism of polysaccharides is considered in connection with their effect on the immune and hemopoietic systems.
Different methods of prophylactic treatment with influenza virus vaccine increase survival of irradiated mice and hamsters by 25-55% as compared to unprotected ones. Higher radioresistance occurs in the same time intervals as a rise of interferon in the blood after immunization with influenza virus vaccine.
Basing on assessment of skin microflora in 3186 apparently health able-bodied individuals and on subsequent study of acute morbidity, the authors revealed direct dependence between these parameters: only 3.4% of people with normal level of microflora became ill during 1 month after the examination, the value of those with higher level was 15.5%. Th...
A model for secondary postradiation immunodeficiency of mice has been used to compare immunocorrective activities of some new immunomodulators (arbidol, cagocel, myelopid, proleukinferon and fragmine) administered at late times (2-3 months) after exposure to a nonlethal radiation dose (4.0 Gy). The highest immunocorrective effect has been shown wit...
A comparison of therapeutic effects of bacterial preparations (vaccinum dysenteriae, colibacterinum, bifidumbacterinum, bificolum) after gamma-irradiation was carried out. Bificolum showed the maximum and bifidumbacterinum the minimum effect, while colibacterianum had a therapeutic effect only within a narrow range of doses. Vaccinum dysenteriae wa...
It was shown in experiments with mice and dogs that bacterial preparations (vaccinum proteus, prodigiosanum, bificolum and bificolum-f) administered before or after gamma-irradiation have a stimulating effect on hemopoiesis. It is supposed that bacterial polysaccharides play an important role in this action.
Skin microflora (SM) and sialic lysozyme level were studied in medical personnel of burns care nits so as to evaluate the immune status. 121 staff members of burns care units (main group) and 96 staff members of other units (control) were examined at the beginning and at the end of working day. Skin bacterial contamination was higher in the main gr...
Basing on assessment of skin microflora in 3186 apparently health able-bodied individuals and on subsequent study of acute morbidity, the authors revealed direct dependence between these parameters: only 3.4% of people with normal level of microflora became ill during 1 month after the examination, the value of those with higher level was 15.5%. Th...
It is known that the immune system is extremly sensitive to ionizing radiation. This report described results of investigations pertaining to experimental and clinical data on the character and dynamics of changes in the immune system as under external radiation influence (x-rays, gamma-irradiation, neutrons) as in the result of radionuclides enter...
The immunity system status was assessed in patients with acute radiation sickness of the 0-4th degrees of severity over the course of the disease and in remote periods after the disease, as well as in the population (children and adults) of the territories adjacent to the power plant, contaminated with radionuclides after the accident. A total of a...
Humoral and cellular factors of the immune system of 133 subjects injured in the Chernobyl accident were studied during first 1.5-2 months after radiation, 5-17 months and 3 years after they suffered acute radiation sickness (I-IV degree). Significant disorders in the immune system correlating with the severity of the disease were recorded. In late...
As many as 138 patients with acute radiation sickness, grades O-IV, were examined over time. It has been revealed that disorders in microecology and humoral immunity agreed well with the severity of radiation damage.
In experiments with CBA and CBA X C57Bl(F-1) mice it was shown that the radio-protective efficacy and the anti-infectious influence of homo- and heterologous immunoglobulin (IG) applied one, two and three times in the period from 4h to 9 days following irradiation with doses of LD80-95/30. This was displayed by the increased survival rate and norma...
A radioisotope technique has been developed for the quantitative assessment of microcirculation disorder in a local anaphylactic focus of guinea pigs sensitized with horse immunoglobulin G and polyethyleneoxide conjugate with 2,4-dinitrophenol. The technique is based on the use of a radioactive tracer, dextran derivative, labelled with radionuclide...
The administration of heterologous immunoglobulin G (IgG) and/or exposure of mouse thymocyte donors to 1 and 2 Gy radiation were shown to change the regulatory effects of thymus lymphocytes on the recovery of haemopoiesis in syngeneic recipients irradiated with a median lethal dose of 6 Gy. Thymocytes of exposed (2 Gy) donors produced a stimulatory...
Antigen-binding activity and effector functions of immunoglobulin G from horse and rabbit sera have been investigated, using hemagglutination, kinetic immune lysis, immune lysis in microplates and rosette-forming test with peritoneal mononuclear cells of mice, after their conjugation with dextran, MW 35-50 kD. The formation of conjugates of two typ...
The injection of heterologous polyclonal immunoglobulin G promotes the recovery of CFUs pool and increases the amount of myelokaryocytes in irradiated mice, while in nonirradiated mice, it activates differentiation of bone marrow CFUs and enhances their migration.
It was established that quinoid products of tyrosine oxidation, analogues of natural radiotoxins, when used in the studied doses decreased the radiosensitivity of spleen stem cells and enhanced the restoration of bone marrow cellularity of mice exposed to sublethal gamma-radiation doses.
Active anaphylaxis in 238 guinea-pigs has revealed a decrease in the anaphylactogenic activity of horse blood serum IgG conjugates with dextran and of serum treated with dextran according to Diaferm method. The conjugates were used for a challenge injection. The sensitizing activity of dextran-conjugated proteins was higher than that of native prot...
In this work the authors propose three ways of increasing the radioprotective efficiency of immunoglobulin: in vitro irradiation with gamma-quanta (60Co, 20,000 Gy), increasing the time of storage of whole blood (raw material for immunoglobulin production) up to 5-7 days at +4 degrees C, and the application of immunoglobulin with antibiotics. In ex...
In experiments on gamma-irradiated hamsters it is shown that antigens, obtained from Sh. flexneri and sonnei by the sparing method, have a radioprotective therapeutic action. The antigens exhibit the immunostimulating activity which is perhaps one of the aspects of the mechanism involved in the formation of resistance to infectious complications in...
A series of experiments were performed on mice and rats subjected to total decontamination by oral administration of 3 antibiotics: gentamicin, ristomycin and nystatin. The results of experiments are summarized. It was shown that under the conventional conditions the decontamination was effective, when the intervals between the experiments were 3-5...
Irradiation of immunized (during the decrease in the immune response, i.e. on the 14th day following the immunization with sheep erythrocytes) and nonimmunized rats leads to a considerable increase in the level of immune and normal antimicrobial antibodies 3 and 24 h following irradiation. Irradiation on the 7th day of the immune response does not...
The experiments with sexually immature (about 3 years) primates Macaca mulatta exposed to head-down tilt and clinostatic hypokinesia showed an increase in the complementary activity of serum and a decrease of heterophil antibodies in the first case. It is inferred that an increase in the complement content reflects an adaptive reaction to head-down...
The results of studying intestine microflora in conventional mice (CBA X C57 BL/F1) during enteral treatment and after discontinuation of low-adsorbing antibiotics (gentamicin, restomycin and nystatin) are presented. The average daily doses of the antibiotics were 2.4, 3 mg and 110000 units respectively. For determination of the intestine microflor...
Serologic immunochemical properties of immunoglobulins G (IgG) isolated from blood serum of normal rabbits and those given lethal and midlethal doses of radiation have been comparatively studied. A marked increase in the IgG level was detected in the recovery period of radiation sickness. The number of complement binding antitissue antibodies in Ig...
Erythrocyte suspensions from guinea pig blood were exposed to gamma radiation and divided into two parts. Active serum was added to one part and inactivated serum was added to the second part. The intensity of hemolysis was determined by means of a photoelectric colorimeter. There was a progressive increase in intensity of hemolysis with the increa...
Protein fractions of normal rabbit serum were obtained by gel filtration. Intraperitoneal inoculation of these fractions to guinea pigs irradiated with 450 R produced a pronounced therapeutic action. Fraction II (sedimentation coefficient 7S) proved to be most active: the 30 days survival rate was 86.6%, while the controls showed 26.6% survival.
The changes in the content in the blood serum of naturally occurring antibodies reacting with homologous tissue antigens and heterologous erythrocytes as well as the complement level within the first hours and days after a total body γ irradiation (900 r) of rabbits were followed up. The obtained results (a decrease in the complement level and amou...
A comparative study was made of serological immunochemical properties of immunoglobulins (IgG) isolated from blood serum of normal rabbits and rabbits exposed to lethal and median lethal doses of radiation. It was demonstrated that there is a distinct elevation of IgG level in the period of recovery from radiation sickness, with increase at this ti...