Aleksandar Radonjic

Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts · Institute of Technical Sciences

This paper presents two classes of integer codes called integer SEC-(DAED)b codes and integer SEC-DAED codes. The first class of codes can correct all single errors and detect all double adjacent (DA) errors within a b-bit byte, while the second class of codes has the ability to correct all single errors and detect all DA errors. Both classes of co...

A large percentage of dynamic random access memories (DRAMs) are not protected by error control codes (ECCs). Because of this, in these so-called non-ECC DRAMs, every erroneous bit may cause file corruptions and even system crashes. In order to avoid such an outcome, it is necessary to either modify the existing hardware or reduce the effective cap...

One of the most common channel errors in molecular communication systems is a single adjacent transposition (SAT) error. It happens both due to molecular noise and due to the diffusive movement of molecules when some of them reach the receiver faster than others. In this paper, we propose a simple solution to this problem based on integer codes tha...

This paper presents a class of integer codes that are suitable for use in various optical networks. The presented codes are generated with the help of a computer and have the ability to correct l-bit burst errors corrupting one b-bit byte (1 ≤ l < b) and single errors corrupting two b-bit bytes. To evaluate the performance of the presented codes, w...

This paper presents two classes of integer codes that are suitable for use in local area networks. The first class of codes can correct h-bit burst errors within one b-bit byte and detect l-bit burst errors within one b-bit byte (1 ≤ h < l < b), while the second class of codes, in addition to correcting/detecting the mentioned types of errors, can...

The user datagram protocol is the most widely used protocol for streaming multimedia data over the Internet. Like other protocols at the network and transport layers, it uses the Internet Checksum (IC) to detect channel errors. The consequence of this is that each corrupted packet is dropped, which can degrade the quality of service perceived by a...

The paper considers the possibility of using integer single-error-correcting (SEC) codes instead of the Internet checksum (IC). It is shown that such a replacement can be easily carried out, since the integer SEC codes are a generalization of the IC.

One of the most important characteristics of all error control codes (ECCs) is the complexity of the encoding/decoding algorithms. Today, there are many ECCs that can correct multiple bit errors, but at the price of high encoding/decoding complexity. Among the rare exceptions are integer ECCs (IECCs), whose serial encoding/decoding algorithms run i...

The need for fast communication has led to the introduction of 100 Gbps optics in local area networks (LANs). To avoid retransmission of corrupted packets, in some LANs, the CRC codes were replaced by Reed-Solomon (RS) codes. Although this solution has met its primary goal, it has two drawbacks: first, the payload size was significanlty reduced, an...

In this paper, we present a class of integer codes capable of correcting l-bit burst errors within one b-bit byte and h-bit burst errors within two b-bit bytes (1 ≤ h < l < b). The presented codes are constructed with the help of a computer and have the potential to be used in various optical networks. To evaluate the performance of the proposed co...

In this paper, we present a class of integer codes capable of correcting burst asymmetric errors. The presented codes are constructed with the help of a computer and have the potential to be used in various practical systems, such as optical networks and VLSI memories. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed codes, the paper analyzes t...

An instance of the framework for cryptographic security enhancement of symmetric-key encryption employing a dedicated error correction encoding is addressed. The main components of the proposal are: (i) a dedicated error correction coding and (ii) the use of a dedicated simulator of the noisy channel. The proposed error correction coding is designe...

This paper presents a class of integer codes suitable for use in optical networks with low error rates. The presented codes are constructed with the help of a computer and have two important features: first, they can correct single errors affecting one or two b-bit bytes, and second, they use processor-friendly operations to encode/decode data bits...

This paper presents a class of integer codes capable of correcting single asymmetric errors. The presented codes are defined over the ring of integers modulo 2^b - 1 and are constructed with the help of a computer. The results of an exhaustive search have shown that, for practical lengths up to 4096 bits, the proposed codes use the same number of c...

Correcting single and detecting adjacent errors has become important in memory systems using high density DRAM chips. The reason is that, in these systems, the strike of a single energetic particle can upset one or more adjacent bits. In this paper, we present a simple solution for this problem based on integer codes capable of correcting single er...

In optical networks without optical amplifiers (ONWOAs) photons may fade or fail to be detected, but new photons cannot be generated. Hence, under normal conditions, only 1 → 0 errors can occur. However, in some situations, the photodetector may generate a false 0 → 1 error. This mostly occurs in cases when the dark current is higher than specified...

The paper proposes a method and device for on-line temperature measurement with Pt-100 sensor operating in a nonlinear mode. The sensor measures the temperature in range of 0C to 200C, whereas the measured data are processed by applying a two-bit stochastic digital measurement method. The proposal is theoretically analyzed and tested experimentally...

This paper presents a class of integer codes that are suitable for use in optical computer networks where the data is transmitted serially. The presented codes are constructed with the help of a computer and have three desirable properties. First, they use integer and lookup table operations, which makes them suitable for software implementation. S...

This paper presents a class of integer codes capable of correcting l-bit burst asymmetric errors within a b-bit byte (1 ≤ l < b) and double asymmetric errors within a codeword. The presented codes are constructed with the help of a computer and have the potential to be used in unamplified optical networks. In addition, the paper derives the upper b...

This paper presents a new method for stochastic measurement of wind power and energy. Compared to the existing approaches, this method has two advantages: first, it is much simpler and cheaper to implement, and second, it can be easily integrated with cup anemometers. In this way, it is possible to construct a low-cost mobile device capable of meas...

This paper strictly defines a simple A/D conversion and simple signal processing within the stochastic digital measurement method (SDMM). It is shown that their synergy and completeness optimizes the measurement instrument or a measurement system as a whole. As a result, the instrument or system then has: 1) extremely simple, robust and reliable ha...

This paper gives a brief overview of three instruments suitable for measuring the flow of electrical power and energy. The first instrument is a single-phase power analyzer, while the other two instruments are double and quadruple three-phase power analyzers. In addition to overviewing these instruments, the paper presents a possible improvement of...

In most communication networks, error probabilities 1 → 0 and 0 → 1 are equally likely to occur. However, in short-range optical networks (SRONs), such as local and access networks, this is not the case. In these networks, photons may fade or fail to be detected, but new photons cannot be generated. Hence, if the receiver operates correctly, only a...

This paper presents two types of integer codes capable of correcting burst asymmetric errors within a byte. The presented codes are constructed with the help of a computer and are very efficient in terms of redundancy. The results of a computer search have shown that, for practical data lengths up to 4096 bits, the presented codes use up to two che...

Classical measurement approach is often described as a process of discretizing an analogue signal in order to easily process it in some type of digital signal processor. Although this approach has been considered to be universally applicable, practical experience has shown that some signals (e.g. fast and/or noisy signals) cannot be always precisel...

In public optical networks, the data are scrambled with a x^u + 1 self-synchronous scramblers (SSSs). The reason for this is to avoid long strings of ones or zeros, which might affect the receiver synchronization. Unfortunately, the use of SSSs is always related to the problem of duplication of channel errors. More precisely, each error occurring d...

Computing, analog-to-digital conversion and digital-to-analog conversion are the three most important functions in embedded systems. The last two may include stochasticity regardless of whether the computing is stochastic or not. The purpose of this paper is to specify and clarify the role of stochasticity in embedded systems.

The latest development of stochastic digital measurement method allows extremely simple measurement of Fourier coefficients and, thus, the harmonic amplitudes: the natural weights of the measurement data in Fourier domain. The significance of each measurement data is defined by its weight, which allows the optimization of data recording, data analy...

In this paper we present the model of digital stochastic DFT processor. Compared to the classical DFT/FFT processors, the proposed model has two advantages: first, it is much simpler and cheaper to implement, and second, it allows us to compute individual DFT components either in isolation or in parallel. In order to prove the validity of our model...

This paper presents a class of integer codes capable of correcting single errors. Unlike Hamming codes, the presented codes are constructed with the help of a computer. Among all codes of length up to 4096 bits, a computer search has found four perfect codes: (15, 10), (63, 56), (1023, 1012) and (4095, 4082). In addition, it is shown that, for prac...

In most communication networks, error probabilities 1 → 0 and 0 → 1 are equally likely to occur. However, in some optical networks, such as local and access networks, this is not the case. In these networks, the number of received photons never exceeds the number of transmitted ones. Hence, if the receiver operates correctly, only 1 → 0 errors can...

The paper describes a method of very accurate measurement of line current using a current transformer (CT) in a virtual short circuit. The key systematic error, increased (amplified) error due to offset of operational amplifier that leads CT in a virtual short circuit, is easily calculated using a stochastic digital measuring (measurement) method a...

This paper considers the process of analog signal reconstruction measured by using a two-bit stochastic digital measurement method. The proposed process is tested by digital simulations on the example of a triangular signal. It is shown that for sampling frequency of 10.58 MHz and measurement interval of 1.28 s the precision (effective resolution)...

In this paper we present a class of integer codes that are suitable for use in optical networks without optical amplifiers. The presented codes can correct all single errors and all burst asymmetric errors within a b-bit byte. Compared to other classes of integer codes, these codes have two advantages: first, they are less demanding in terms of mem...

In optical networks without optical amplifiers the number of received photons never exceeds the number of sent ones. Hence, upon transmission, only asymmetric (1 → 0) errors can occur. Motivated by this fact, in this letter we present a class of integer codes capable of correcting high-density asymmetric errors within a b-bit byte. Unlike classical...

In short range optical networks channel errors occur due to energy losses. Upon transmission, they mostly manifest themselves as spotty byte asymmetric errors. In this paper we present a class of codes that can correct these errors. The presented codes use integer and lookup table operations, which makes them suitable for software implementation. I...

In this paper we present a class of integer codes capable to correct single and double asymmetric errors within a codeword. The encoding/decoding procedures for these codes are extremely simple, whereas the error control algorithm resembles the routing process. Thanks to these features, the presented codes have a potential to be practically applied...

In this paper we propose a new method for measurement of reactive power. The proposed method is based on stochastic digital measurement approach and discrete Fourier transform. The validity of the method is verified by numerous simulations. Besides this, it is shown that the proposed method is simple, robust and reliable, which makes it very suitab...

In this paper we propose a generalized method for stochastic measurement of power grid frequency. The generalization consists of replacing the input two-bit A/D flash converters with m-bit flash A/D converters, where m ≤ 4. The proposed method is highly robust against signal distortions, even in the case when all harmonics have the maximum allowed...

In this paper we compare two strategies for measuring in frequency domain using digital stochastic measurement (DSM) method. One of them, based on Fourier series expansion, was already analyzed in theory and applied in practice. The second strategy, based on Wavelet series expansion, has never been discussed in literature.

This paper proposes a new method for measuring the spectral power density of low-frequency noise generated by graphene-based chemical and sensors. The proposed solution is based on two-bit digital stochastic measurements (DSMs). In addition to this, we criticize the common measurement method based on application of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and...

This paper presents the concept of measurement of a crucial quantities in the public distribution network using the Fourier coefficients. The method for Fourier coefficients measurement is presented, as well as the instrument by which the measurement is performed. The accuracy of the measured coefficients is between 14 and 15 bits of FS.

This paper presents a new method for measurement of power grid frequency based on the use of three complementary strategies: stochastic A/D conversion, finite impulse response filtering and signal frequency estimation using zero-crossing detection. Although such an amalgamated concept offered great flexibility in choice of system parameters, this p...

This paper presents a class of integer codes that can correct any burst of length ≤ l within a b-bit byte. Their main advantages lie in linear complexity of encoding and decoding procedures, as well as in the fact that a look-up table-based error control procedure requires relatively small memory resources.

Digital Stochastic Measurement (DSM) method provides Fourier coefficients by using dithered samples of the measured signal. In this paper we evaluate the uncertainty bounds of this method, and compare our results with the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound findings.

A new class of SEC-DED codes based on integer arithmetic is presented. The proposed approach is characterized by linear time complexity of coding and decoding procedures and constant time complexity of the single-bit error correction procedure. In addition, the presented codes can protect an arbitrary number of data bits, which makes them suitable...

Centralized control of industrial systems represented a great problem for a long time, because the communication between industrial devices was based on outdated field-bus protocols. In the end of the 1990s, when industrial ethernet was implemented, this situation has been dramatically changed. As a result of new technologies, control of working st...

Electric power system monitoring is in most cases reduced to tracking only extremely dangerous situations, but not those that are not yet drastically developed. The possibility of detecting potentially dangerous situations and a fast notification mechanism represent one of the main challenges in terms of securing the most reliable electric power sy...